• 제목/요약/키워드: Soluble group

검색결과 696건 처리시간 0.023초

한반도의 황사 관측현황 및 배경지역 미세먼지의 화학적 조성에 관한 연구 (Study on the Yellow Sandy Dust Phenomena in Korean Peninsula and Chemical Compositions in Fine Particles at Background Sites of Korea.)

  • 백광욱;정진도
    • 환경위생공학
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.9-18
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    • 2004
  • In this study, the observation data for the yellow sandy dust phenomena from the year 1999 to 2003 at background sites in Korea were collected at Global Atmospheric Observatory at An-Myeon island and its temporal variation were analyzed. The chemical characteristics of the fine particles were also analyzed in order to evaluate sources of the yellow sandy dust particles. The results showed that the monthly average mass concentration of the fine particles was the highest in springtime and the lowest in summertime in general. The magnitude of its variation was also the highest in March in which the occurrence of yellow sandy dust was the most frequent and thus the number of samples was the largest, while the lowest in June through September. The yearly variation of ion components contributions to the total mass concentration of the fine particles was slowly decreasing, showing that $63\%$ in 1999, $59\%$ in 2000 and $56\%$ in 2003. The most prevalent ion components in the fine particles were found to be $NO_3$ and $SO_4^{2-}$, which are known to be source materials of acidic precipitation, and $NH_4^+$, a neutralizing material of the acid precipitation. Relative proportion of metal components in the fine particles was calculated as $14\%$ in average, and their concentrations are in an order of Fe > Al > Na > Ca > Zn > Pb > Cu > Mn > Ni > Cd > Cr > Co > U. The results indicated that main sources of the metals was soil-originated Fe, Al, Ca, and Mg, and the contribution of anthropogenic air Pollution-originated Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn were also high and keep slightly increasing. Statistical analysis showed that the chemical components could be divided into soil-originated group of Mg, Al, Ca, Fe, and Mn and air pollution-originated group of $NO_3$, Zn, Pb, and they are occupying more than $60\%$of all the components in the dusty sand. The results explain that An-Myeon island is more influenced by soil-originated source than ocean-originated one and also the influencing strength of anthropogenic poilution-originated source is less than $50\%$ of that of soil-originated sources. Compared to non-yellow sandy period, the yellow sandy dust period showed that the amounts of soil-originated $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$ and ocean-originated $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ were increased to more than double and the metals of Mg, Al, Ca, Fe were also highly increased, while micro metal components such as Pb, Cd, Zn, which have a tendency of concentrating in air, were either decreased or maintained at nearly constant level. In the period of yellow sandy dust, a strong positive correlation was observed between water soluble ions and between metals in terms of its concentration, respectively. Factor analysis showed that the first group being comprised of about $43\%$ of the total inorganic components was affected by soil and they are ions of $Na^+,\;Mg^{2+}\;and\;Ca^{2+}$ and metals of Na, Fe, Mn and Ni. The result also showed that the metals of Mg and Cr were classified as second group and they were also highly affected by soil sources.

Effect of Oral Administration of Intact Casein on Gastrointestinal Hormone Secretion and Pancreatic α-Amylase Activity in Korean Native Steer

  • Lee, S.B.;Choi, C.W.;Jin, Y.C.;Wang, T.;Lee, K.H.;Ku, M.B.;Hwang, J.H.;Kim, K.H.;Vega, R.S.A.;Lee, H.G.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제26권5호
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    • pp.654-660
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    • 2013
  • Three Korean native steers ($779{\pm}24$ kg) fitted with duodenal cannulas were used in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design to investigate the influence of oral administration of soluble proteins, intact casein (IC) and acid hydrolyzed casein (AHC), on gastro-intestinal hormone (GIH) secretion in the blood and pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase activity in the duodenum. Oral treatment consisted of a basic diet (control), IC (C+100% protein), or AHC (C+80% amino acid, 20% peptide) for 21 d. Blood and duodenum samples were collected for measurement of serum GI hormones, and pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase activity was determined at 900, 1030, 1330, 1630, and 1930 h after feeding on d 21 of treatment. The levels of serum cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin in the IC treatment group were higher compared to the other treatment groups (p<0.05). In addition to the changes in CCK and secretin levels upon IC treatment, the pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase activity in the duodenum was higher in the IC group compared to the control diet group (p<0.05). The response of serum ghrelin to IC and AHC treatment was in accordance with the response of serum secretin. The level of peptide fragments flowing in the duodenum was higher in the IC treatment group than the other treatment groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that an increase in duodenal CCK and secretin upon IC oral administration increased pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase secretion. In addition, ghrelin may be associated with GI hormone secretion in Korean native steers.

Determination of Carnitine Renal Threshold and Effect of Medium-Chain Triglycerides on Carnitine Profiles in Newborn Pigs

  • Heo, K.N.;Odle, J.;Lin, X.;van Kempen, T.A.T.G.;Han, In K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.237-242
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    • 2001
  • Colostrum deprived, newborn pigs (N=12, $1.64{\pm}0.05kg$) were used to study the renal threshold of carnitine, and effects of emulsified medium-chain triglyceride (MCT, tri-8:0) feeding on kinetics of plasma carnitine and urinary carnitine excretion. An arterial catheter was inserted through an umbilical artery, and a bladder catheter was inserted via the urachus. Piglets were oro-gastrically gavaged with one of six carnitine levels (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, $480{\mu}mol/kg\;W^{0.75}$) with (+MCT) or without medium-chain triglycerides (-MCT) in 0.9% NaCl solution. Blood was sampled into heparinized tubes at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 14, and 20 h after gavage, and urine was collected and pooled into 1 h or 2 h composite samples to determine free- and short-chain carnitine concentrations. Plasma from the 12 newborn piglets before gavage contained $10.6{\pm}1.2{\mu}mol/L$ free carnitine and $7.2{\pm}0.6{\mu}mol/L$ acid-soluble acyl carnitine. The renal threshold for carnitine was similar between the MCT and the +MCT group (42.6 13.1 and $46.4{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol/L$, respectively), but the correlation between plasma free carnitine and urinary excretion was altered. Plasma free carnitine linearly increased with increasing carnitine dosage (-MCT group, $R^2=0.95$, p<0.001; +MCT group, $R^2=0.91$, p<0.001), but was decreased by 50% when medium-chain triglycerides were fed. The peak in plasma free carnitine concentration was depressed by medium-chain triglycerides feeding also. Therefore, the plasma and urinary short-chain/free carnitine ratio of the +MCT group was increased by 100% and 40%, respectively (p<0.01). Feeding of medium-chain triglycerides may delay plasma carnitine elevation via altering the kinetics of absorption. Similarly, the plasma and urinary short-chain/free carnitine ratio were affected by interaction between medium-chain triglycerides and time (p<0.01). The present study suggests that an oral carnitine dose over $480{\mu}mol/kg\;W^{0.75}$ may be needed to reach the free carnitine renal threshold within a short period, especially when provided together with medium-chain triglyceride.

혈중지질에 대한 진피추출물의 유효성 평가를 위한 인체적용시험 : 무작위배정, 이중맹검 (Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Extract of Citri Pericarpium on Serum Lipid Profiles in Subjects: a Randomized, Double-blind)

  • 이진상;도은주;곽민아;박현진;하일도;성기준;김미려
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 2011
  • Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of extract from Citri Pericarpium (CP) on lipid-lowering effect in semi-healthy subjects with increased serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride. Methods : A experimental group (n=45) and placebo group (n=46) were randomly established based on the plasma lipid profiles (triglyceride, total cholesterol etc.) in the semi-healthy subjects, then all subjects randomly took experimental or placebo capsules, which contain 1,200 mg of CP or the same dose of soluble starch per day with regular meals for 8 weeks by double-blind method. Results : One-hundred forty (140) subjects were screened, then 91 subjects enrolled in the study. No serious adverse events were reported for trial period. The CP treatment showed statistically significant decrease in serum levels of triglyceride both at 4-weeks (p<0.01) and at 8-weeks (p=0.0001). Futhermore, there was significant difference in the triglyceride levels between CP-treated and placebo group. The CP-treated but not placebo group, experienced decrease in serum levels of total cholesterol at 8-weeks. Then there was no significant difference in the total cholesterol levels between the two groups. In addition, statistically significant difference of AST, ALT, ${\gamma}$-GT serum levels wasn't shown before and after trial in two groups. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that CP can significantly suppress the elevated triglyceride but not total cholesterol level. Therefore, CP may play a role in the improvement of blood lipid levels, as an effective functional food.

국산한약재 추출물을 이용한 전통 콩된장의 품질특성 (Quality Properties of Traditional Doenjang Supplemented with Extracts of Korean Herb Medicines.)

  • 박석규;정회정;김성희;권선화;이상원
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.553-559
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    • 2004
  • 국산 한약재를 이용하여 식품학적 품질 및 기능성이 증진된 전통된장을 개발할 목적으로 여러 종류의 국산 한약재를I∼IV군으로 조합하여 121$^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 동안 추출물을 제조한 다음, 담금용 염수에 여러 농도로 첨가한 후 3개월 동안 자연발효시킨 한방 콩된장의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 한약재 첨가 된장의 일반성분 분석에서 대조구는 수분 61.9%, pH 5.50, 총산도 3.25 ml, 염도 12.6%를 나타내었으나 시험구는 수분 58.2% ∼61.9%, pH 5.32∼5.56, 총산도 3.07∼3.70 ml, 염도 11.7∼13.9%범위로 거의 비슷한 값을 나타내었으며, 환원당, 조단백, 조지방 및 아미노태 질소함량은 대조구보다 약간 높게 나타났다. 지용성 갈변도는 대조구와 큰 차이가 없었지만, 수용성 갈변도는 I군과 II군은 III군과 IV군에서 매우 높은 경향이었다. 한약재 첨가 된장의 색도 측정에서 명도(L)는 대조구 된장(31.72)에 비하여 I군과 II군의 된장이 낮은 수치(24.32∼27.71)를 나타내어 된장의 색깔이 검은 색을 띄었다. 적색도(a)는 제 I군을 제외한 나머지 된장에서는 대조구보다 약간 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 황색도(b)는 III군과 IV군의 경우 대조구 된장과 비슷하였으나 I군과 II군은 낮게 나타났다.

디글리세릴계 양이온계면활성제와 일반 음이온계면활성제 혼합물에서의 계면활성 상승효과와 상거동 (Synergistic Surface Activities and Phase Behavior in Mixtures of a Diglyceryl Cationic Surfactant and a Conventional Anionic Surfactant)

  • 최정진;조완구;랑문정
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제46권4호
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    • pp.799-805
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    • 2008
  • 일반적으로 음이온계면활성제와 양이온계면활성제는 수용액상에서 침전하는 불용성복합물을 형성하기 때문에 상용성이 좋지 않다. 하지만 경우에 따라서 일부 음이온계면활성제와 양이온계면활성제의 1:1 molar complex (catanionic surfactant)는물에용해하면서비이온계면활성제와같이행동하기때문에유사비이온계면활성제복합물(pseudo-nonionic surfactant complex)이라고 부른다. 유사비이온계면활성제복합물은 일반적인 이온성계면활성제에 비해 보다 용이하게 계면에 배열되기 때문에 평형 및 동적 표면장력에서 우수한 계면활성효과를 나타낸다. 계면활성제의 친수성 head group에 polyhydroxyl group을 가진 디글리세릴계 양이온계면활성제인 diglyceryl dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DGDAC)과 음이온계면활성제 sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)를 1:1 molar ratio로 수용액상에서 혼합하였을 경우 molecular interaction parameter ${\beta}^M$가 -17.2로 매우 강한 positive synergism을 보였으며. 평형 상거동과 현미경에 의한 실험결과는 이 DGDAC와 SDS의 혼합수용액은 single phase의 vesicle을 형성함을 알 수 있었다.

Effects of feeding starch sugar by-products on in situ rumen disappearance rate, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of late finishing Hanwoo steers

  • Choi, Yongjun;Park, Geetae;Kang, Hyokon;Ahn, Jiyeon;Lee, Eunchae;Na, Youngjun;Lee, Sangrak
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.217-223
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    • 2022
  • Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of feeding starch sugar byproducts (SSBs) on in situ disappearance rate, performance, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers in the late finishing stage. Methods: To determine the in situ disappearance rate, nylon bags filled with 5 g of SSB were inserted into the ventral sac of two cannulated Holsteins cows and incubated for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h. A total of 30 Hanwoo steers were fed the experimental diets, which were basal diet (control) and 7% SSB on an as-fed basis (4.35% dry matter [DM]), formulated according to requirements of the Korean Feeding Standard for Hanwoo. The experiment was conducted over 80 days using a completely randomized block design. Results: Soluble fraction a of DM and organic matter (OM) was 44.20% and 64.60% DM, fraction b was 23.00% and 19.40% DM, and c values (the rate of degradation of fraction b) were 0.04 and 0.04/h, respectively. The effective degradability of DM at rumen solid outflow rates of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.08/h was 59.83, 54.75, and 52.16, respectively, and for OM was 77.78, 73.52, and 71.34, respectively. Initial and final body weight, average daily gain, DM intake, and gain:feed did not differ significantly between control and SSB groups during the entire experimental period. Carcass traits of Hanwoo steers with SSB supplementation were not significantly different between treatments except for dressing percentage, which was greater with SSB treatment. The content of saturated fatty acid (SFA) was greater and that of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) was lower in the SSB group than in the control group. The ratio of UFA to SFA was significantly lower in the SSB group than in the control group. Conclusion: A total mixed ration containing less than 4.0% DM of SSBs can be used in Hanwoo steers without a decrease in productivity and carcass traits.

효소처리 농도 및 시간에 따른 섬쑥부쟁이 추출물의 품질 특성 (Quality characteristics of Aster glehni extract depending on the concentration and time of enzyme treatment)

  • 김선화;윤성란;정용진
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.654-662
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    • 2023
  • 본 연구는 다양한 생리적 기능성을 함유한 섬쑥부쟁이의 활용도를 높이기 위해 효소처리농도 및 처리시간에 따른 품질 변화를 조사하였다. 효소처리농도 및 시간에 따른 섬쑥부쟁이 추출물의 pH 변화는 pH 5.56-5.76으로 무처리구(pH 5.88)보다 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었으며, 가용성 고형분 함량은 처리농도 의존적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 색도 변화는 처리시간이 증가할수록 적황색으로 변화됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 추출물의 유리당 함량 중 fructose 및 sucrose 함량은 효소처리를 하지 않은 무처리구(Control)에서 7.73% 및 6.78%로 가장 높은 함량은 나타내었으며, glucose 및 maltose 함량은 3.2%의 효소처리농도 및 60분의 처리시간(C구)에서 6.91% 및 4.44%로 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 항산화 활성을 나타내는 총폴리페놀 함량은 1.6%의 효소처리농도 및 120분의 효소처리시간(E구) 7.38 mg GAE/g으로 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며, DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 3.2%의 효소처리농도 및 60분의 처리시간(C구)에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 섬쑥부쟁이 건조 분말 소재화를 위한 효소처리농도 및 시간의 적정조건을 설정할 수 있었다.

구리(II) 이온과 Sewage Sludge를 시용(施用)한 토양(土壤)에서 추출(抽出)한 수용성유기물(水溶性有機物)과의 착화합물(錯化合物) 형성방법(形成方法) (Copper(II) Binding Mechanisms with Water Soluble Organic Fractions Extracted from Sewage Sludge Amended Soils)

  • 임형식
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.307-314
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    • 1986
  • Sewage Sludge 를 시용하지 않은 토양(W), 6년간 시용한 토양($WS_6$), Sludge와 토양의 혼합물을 1주일동안 incubation한 토양($WS_1$), 그리고 Sewage Sludge(SS)로 부터 추출한 수용성 유기물(WSOF)이 구리(II) 이온과 어떻게 착화합물을 형성하는지를 전자스핀공명분광법(ESR)과 전위차적정법을 이용하여 규명하였다. Cu(II)-WSOF 착화합물은 ESR spectra 상에서 $g_{\perp}$ 값보다 큰 $g_{\amalg}$ 값을 가짐으로서 늘어난 팔면체(elongated octahedron) 배위결합을 하고 있음을 나타내었다. $77^{\circ}K$에서 Cu(II)-SS착물은 anisotropic ESR spectrum을 보인 반면 Cu(II)-W착물은 anisotropic spectrum을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 결국 W의 산소공여 리간드가 Cu(II)와 강한 착화합물을 이루는 반면에 SS의 리간드는 Cu(II)와 거의 Chelate를 이루지 않고 있음을 의미한다. 또한 Cu(II)-SS 착화합물의 ESR spectra는 평면상의 네개의 모서리 리간드(예, $COO^-$, $H_2O$, $Cl^-$ 등등)의 각각이 한자리 리간드로서 독립적으로 행동하고 있음을 암시한다. W에서는 방향족 카복실기 같은 산소공여 리간드가 주로 Cu(II)와 결합하고 있는것 같고 SS에서는 Sulfonate, 지방족 카복실기 그리고 질소를 함유하는 리간드가 주요한 결합 site인 것 같다. Cu(II)-SS착화합물과 비교할때 Cu(II)-W로 부터 Cu(II)를 치환하는데 6배정도의 Pyridine 농도가 요구되었다.

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생체 내 특정 조직의 표적을 위한 키토산 유도체 (Chitosan Derivatives for Target of Specific Tissue in the Body)

  • 장미경;나재운
    • 공업화학
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.593-602
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    • 2010
  • 천연고분자물질로서 키토산(chitosan)은 생체적합성, 생분해성, 무독성과 같은 생체재료로서의 우수한 물리화학적 특성에도 불구하고 산(acid)으로 용해하여야 한다는 문제점으로 인해 유전질병이나 암과 같은 불치병의 치료를 위한 생리활성 물질의 생체 내 전달물질로서의 응용이 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 키토산의 이러한 문제점을 획기적으로 해결한 높은 반응성과 강한 양전하(+)를 띠고 있는 저분자량 수용성 키토산(low molecular weight water-soluble chitosan, LMWSC)을 이용하여 난용성 약물뿐만 아니라 치료유전자와 같은 생리활성물질을 안전하게 생체 내 표적위치에 운반할 수 있는 전달체를 제조할 수 있고, 인체 내 무해하고 치료효율이 높은 치료시스템을 개발할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 또한 질병의 치료를 위해 무엇보다 중요한 인자는 특정 병소조직에만 발현되는 항원이나 수용체를 밝혀내고 이들과 결합할 수 있는 항체나 리간드를 다양한 생체재료에 개질함으로써 질병 치료의 효율을 높이는 것이 가장 중요한 전략이라고 할 수 있다. 약물이나 유전자를 전달할 수 있는 많은 양이온성 합성고분자에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있으나 체내 독성이나 효율성 면에서 많은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 총설에서는 인체 내 전달 효율을 높이기 위한 기능성기의 도입과 유전자와의 복합체 형성을 가능하게 하는 유리 아민기를 가진 인체 무해한 저분자량 수용성 키토산을 이용하여 특정 조직을 표적할 수 있는 다양한 기능성기 도입의 특성과 치료 전략에 대해 기술하고자 한다. 이러한 전달체의 개발은 앞으로 인간에게 유발되는 가장 난치병 중의 하나인 암 치료에 있어 밝은 전망이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.