• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the change in the quality of early season Fuji apples that were subjected to eight different storage conditions using the developed controlled atmosphere (CA) storage system. Early season Fuji apples grown at Mungyeong, in the South Korea, were harvested in September 2014 for storage studies. Flesh firmness, titratable acidity, total soluble solid content, weight loss, and internal browning disorder were used as quality indicators for the stored apples. Flesh firmness and weight loss were better than that of the control after 70 days of storage. However, there was no significant difference in the titratable acidity or total soluble solid content among the apple samples from eight chambers after storage. The internal browning disorder of apple samples in CA chambers occurred when exposed to 1% $CO_2+2%$ $O_2$ and 1% $CO_2+0.5%$ $O_2$, resulting in a higher incidence rate of 2 and 8% after 70 days of storage than that in the control. In addition, the CA storage conditions at 3, 4 and 5% $CO_2+2%$ $O_2$ increased the rate of internal browning disorder by 26%. Therefore, CA storage can be used to maintain the quality of the apple if the optimal gas concentrations in the CA are applied to the storage strategy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 1996

Background: Lung cancer is the second most frequent malignancy in man in Korea. Surgery is the best treatment modality for non-small cell lung cancer, but most patients were presented in far advanced stage. So radiation therapy(RT) with or without chemotherapy is the next choice and radiation-induced pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis is the major limiting factor for the curative RT. Radiation pneumonitis is manifested with fever, cough and dyspnea, 2~3 months after the termination of radiotherpy. Chest X ray shows infiltration, typically limited to the radiation field, but occasionally bilateral infiltration was reported. Also Gibson et al reported that BAL lymphocytosis was found in both lungs, even though the radiation was confined to one lung. The aim of this study is to investigate the change of adhesion molecules expression on BAL cells and serum soluble ICAM-1(sICAM-1) level after the RT and its relationship to the development of radiation pneumonitis. The second aim is to confirm the bilaterality of change of BAL cell pattern and adhesion molecule expression. Subjects: BAL and the measurement of sICAM level in serum and BALF were done on 29 patients with lung cancer who received RT with curative intention. The BAL was done before the RT in 16 patients and 1~2 month after RT in 18 patients. 5 patients performed BAL before and after RT. Result: Clinically significant radiation pneumonitis developed in 7 patients. After RT, total cell count in BAL was significantly increased from $(20.2{\pm}10.2){\times}10^6\;cells/ml$ to $(35.3{\pm}21.6){\times}10^6\;cells/ml$ (p=0.0344) and %lymphocyte was also increased from $5.3{\pm}4.2%$ to $39.6{\pm}23.4%$ (p=0.0001) in all patient group. There was no difference between ipsilateral and contraleteral side to RT, and between the patients with and without radiation-pneumonitis. In whole patient group, the level of sICAM-1 showed no significant change after RT(in serum: $378{\pm}148$, $411{\pm}150\;ng/ml$, BALF: $20.2{\pm}12.2$, $45.1{\pm}34.8\;ng/ml$, respectively), but there was a significant difference between the patients with pneumonitis and without pneumonitis (serum: $505{\pm}164$ vs $345{\pm}102\;ng/ml$, p=0.0253, BALF: $67.9{\pm}36.3$ vs $25.2{\pm}17.9\;ng/ml$, p=0.0112). The expression of ICAM-1 on alveolar macrophages (AM) tends to increase after RT (RMFI: from $1.28{\pm}0.479$ to $1.63{\pm}0.539$, p=0.0605), but it was significantly high in patients with pneumonitis ($2.10{\pm}0.390$) compared to the patients without pneumonitis ($1.28{\pm}0.31$, p=0.0002). ICAM-1 expression on lymphocytes and CD 18 (${\beta}2$-integrin) expression tended to be high in the patients with pneumonitis but the difference was statiastically not significant. Conclusion: Subclinical alveolitis on the basis of BAL finding developed bilaterally in all patients after RT. But clinically significant pneumonitis occurred in much smaller fraction and the ICAM-1 expression on AM and the sICAM-1 level in serum were good indicator of it.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 1996

Background: Abnormalities of the peripheral blood are frequent and varied in patients with miliary tuberculosis. Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, monocytosis, basophilia, eosinophilia and leukemoid reactions have been reported. These abnormalities are more frequent in patients with positive bone marrow study. In this report, we evaluated clinical, hematological and immunological features in patients with miliary tuberculosis in order to know whether difference is existed between "bone marrow biopsy positive group(pathologically proven to miliary tuberculosis)" and "negative group". Method: Clinical evaluation, serum ADA, sIL-2R, and T-lymphocyte subsets were measured in 40 patients with miliary tuberculosis who received bone marrow biopsy. Results: 1) The average age of patients was 39 year-old. There were 23 male and 17 female patients. Associated extrapulmonary tuberculosis are 9 CNS tuberculosis, 6 joint tuberculosis, and 2 tuberculous pleurisy. 2) Sixteen of the 40 patients were positive bone marrow biopsy(60%). 3) Sixteen of the 40 patients(60%) had anemia(11 positive patients: 13 negative patients). Leukopenia occurred in 12 per cent(4:1). Thrombocytopenia was noted in 10%(3:1). 4) The mean value of serum ADA was 83 U/L(90 U/L: 70.6 U/L, p=0.23). 5) The mean activity of Soluble IL-2 receptor was 4,643 pmol/L($6840{\pm}7446\;pmol/L$: $1,897{\pm}1,663\;pmol/L$, p=0.06). 6) In the T lymphocyte subsets, the percent of T-lymphocytes was 64%(62%:73%, p=0.2). In some patients(9), $T_4$ and $T_8$ ratio in BAL fluid($1.97{\pm}1.2$) was higher than that in the peripheral blood($1.16{\pm}0.5$). Conclusion: Bone marrow examination are diagnostic in 60% of cases of miliary tuberculosis. Percents of the total T lymphocyte and helper T cell in BAL are more elevated than in peripheral blood. There was no significant difference in peripheral blood abnormalities and marker of T lymphocyte activation between the bone marrow biopsy positive and negative group.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.544-548
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• 2009

Purpose : To elucidate a potential association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants and children in terms of the other factors related to iron utilization and storage although the association of ferritin was previously studied. Methods : We evaluated 135 infants (aged 6-24 months) admitted at Gyeongsang National University Hospital from 2000 to 2006. Western blot assays using the HP CagA antigen (120 kD) were conducted to identify infections. The concentrations of six parameters were measured: hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin, soluble serum transferrin receptors, interleukin-6, prohepcidin, and C-reactive protein. In addition, the infants were classified into IDA, anemia from inflammation (AI), unclassified anemia (UCA), and normal groups on the basis of Hb and ferritin concentrations. Results : In the IDA group (n=20), seven infants were infected with HP, with the other infants showing no evidence of infection. The mean Hb levels in the IDA group were significantly lower in HP-infected infants than those uninfected (7.1 vs. 8.2 g/dL, respectively); the mean ferritin levels were also significantly lower in the infected infants (3.2 vs. $6.8{\mu}g/L$). The other four parameters did not differ significantly among the IDA infants. No correlations were found between the six parameters and HP infection status in the other groups. Conclusion : There were no significant differences in the HP infection rates among the study groups. However, in the IDA group, the HP-infected infants had significantly lower serum ferritin and Hb levels than the HP-negative infants (P<0.05).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.303-313
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• 2015

This study investigates the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of seasonal salted-Kimchi cabbages to provide basic data on its uniform quality. Generally, seasonal salted-Kimchi samples had different pH values at initial storage periods, but there was no difference in pH between the seasonal samples when stored for longer periods. The samples from the fall and winter seasons were relatively low in acid and high in solid soluble content compared to samples from other seasons. Salted-Kimchi cabbages in the summer showed the highest microbiological number compared to samples from other seasons. In the sensory evaluation, there were differences in the appearance, aroma, and taste, depending on seasonal samples at different storage periods. The correlation coefficient between the quality characteristics in the seasonal samples showed a positive or negative correlation between the quality characteristics at 1% significant level. In the principal component analysis, F1 and F2 were shown the 51.81% and 14.23% of the total variance (66.21%), respectively. In the PCA pattern of seasonal salted-Kimchi cabbages during storage periods, winter samples were distributed on the top of F2, spring samples were in the middle of F2, while the rest of the samples were distributed on the bottom of F2. According to increasing storage periods, initial storage samples were distributed at the left of F1, while other samples were located at the right of F2.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.379-386
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• 1996

Photosensitive compound, 1-methyl-4-[2-(4-diethylacetylphenyl)ethenyl] pridinium methosulfate(SbQ-A salt), was synthesized from dimethyl sulfate, terephthalaldehyde mono-(diethylacetal) and 4-picoline. SbQ-A salts were reacted with poly(vinyl alcohol)s, (PVA) in aqueous solution with phosphoric acid as catalyst to give photosensitive PVA-SbQ with different SbQ content and molecular weight. Relative photosensitivity of PVA-SbQ was determined by gray scale(GS) method. The rotative sensitivity of PVA-SbQ increased with increasing amount of bound SbQ in the case of high molecular weight(MW=77,000-79,000g/mol) as substrate and decreased with decreasing molecular weight of PVA with about constant(1.3mol%) amount of bound SbQ. The most sensitive polymer was obtained when SbQ group content in PVA-SbQ reached about 2.63mol% in the case of high molecular weight(77,000-79,000g/mol) PVA. This sample showed 90 times greater sensitivity than dichromated PVA as reference photosensitive system. PVA-SbQ photosensitive polymer synthesized was applied to the photolithographic screening process of phosphor on the panel of cathode ray tube(CRT). Phosphor slurry was made with PVA-SbQ, phosphor, a small amount of surfactant and other additives using water as medium. The slurry was coated onto panel, dried by heater, exposed to UV light and then developed by distilled water. When a small amount of cationic surfactant such as cetyltrimethylammonium chloride was used in the slurry formulation, the sharpness of phosphor pattern was equal to or better than that of dichromated PVA photosensitive polymer system used currently.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.446-455
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• 2017

We investigated the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L.) to provide a consumer-oriented quality index. Oriental melon fruits were harvested at 20, 25, or 30 days after fruit set (DAFS), and each group was sorted by size (small, medium, and large). Fruits harvested at 25 and 30 DAFS had higher CIE $a^*$ and $b^*$ values, higher soluble solids content (SSC), and lower CIE $L^*$, firmness, and titratable acidity (TA) values than fruits harvested at 20 DAFS. Fruits harvested at 25 and 30 DAFS scored more highly for overall acceptance. A significant correlation was found between physicochemical characteristics and overall acceptance. In the delayed-harvest sample, increased sweetness and yellowness, and decreased sensorial texture were associated with an increase in overall acceptance. In principal component analysis, F1 and F2 explained 62.16% and 17.91% of the total variance (80.07%), respectively. Regression analysis of overall acceptance and F1 gave a coefficient of determination ($r^2$) of 0.87. Our results show that consideration of the physicochemical characteristics (CIE value, SSC, pH, SSC/TA ratio, and firmness) and sensory characteristics (yellowness, placenta area condition, oriental melon odor, sweetness, oriental melon flavor, texture, and off odor) of oriental melon in this way can be used as quality indices to predict consumer acceptance.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2017

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; however, its effect on postprandial blood glucose levels remains unknown. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors regulate post-prandial hyperglycemia by impeding carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine. Here, the effect of C3G on ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and ${\alpha}-amylase$ inhibition and its ability to ameliorate postprandial hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were evaluated. ICR normal and STZ-induced diabetic mice were orally administered soluble starch alone or with C3G or acarbose. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of C3G for ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and ${\alpha}-amylase$ were 13.72 and $7.5{\mu}M$, respectively, suggesting that C3G was more effective than acarbose. The increase in postprandial blood glucose levels was more significantly reduced in the C3G groups than in the control group for both diabetic and normal mice. The area under the curve for the diabetic mice was significantly reduced following C3G administration. C3G may be a potent ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitor and may delay dietary carbohydrate absorption.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1523-1523
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• 2001

The wine industry requires practical methods for objectively measuring the composition of both red wine grapes on the vine to determine optimal harvest time; and of freshly harvested grapes for efficient allocation to vinery process streams for particular red wine products, and to determine payment of contract grapegrowers. To be practical for industry application these methods must be rapid, inexpensive and accurate. In most cases this restricts the analyses available to measurement of TSS (total soluble solids, predominantly sugars) by refractometry and pH by electropotentiometry. These two parameters, however, do not provide a comprehensive compositional characterization for the purpose of winemaking. The concentration of anthocyanin pigment in red wine grapes is an accepted indicator of potential wine quality and price. However, routine analysis for total anthocyanins is not considered as a practical option by the wider wine industry because of the high cost and slow turnaround time of this multi-step wet chemical laboratory analysis. Recent work by this ${group}^{l,2}$ has established the capability of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to provide rapid, accurate and simultaneous measurement of total anthocyanins, TSS and pH in red wine grapes. The analyses may be carried out equally well using either research grade scanning spectrometers or much simpler reduced spectral range portable diode-array based instrumentation. We have recently expanded on this work by collecting thousands of red wine grape samples in Australia. The sample set spans two vintages (1999 and 2000), five distinct geographical winegrowing regions and three main red wine grape varieties used in Australia (Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz and Merlot). Homogenized grape samples were scanned in diffuse reflectance mode on a FOSE NIR Systems6500 spectrometer and subject to laboratory analysis by the traditional methods for total anthocyanins, TSS and pH. We report here an analysis of the correlations between the NIR spectra and the laboratory data using standard chemometric algorithms within The Unscrambler software package. In particular, various subsets of the total data set are considered in turn to elucidate the effects of vintage, geographical area and grape variety on the measurement of grape composition by NIR spectroscopy. The relative ability of discrete calibrations to predict within and across these differences is considered. The results are then used to propose an optimal calibration strategy for red wine grape analysis.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2011

Purpose: We investigated the effects of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 gene phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 gene (PTEN) expression on the cell proliferation and on the responsiveness of troglitazone in osteosarcoma cells. Materials and Methods: Western blotting alnalysis was performed to detect the expression of PTEN in U-2OS cells treated with troglitazone. WST (water-soluble tetrazolium) assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell apoptosis. Further, transfection of wild-type PTEN plasmid DNA was used to upregulate PTEN expression. Results: Troglitazone treatment induced growth inhibition of U2-OS cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Troglitazone increased the expression of PTEN in a dose-dependent manner. PTEN upregulation induced by troglitazone treatment resulted in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in U-2OS cells. PTEN over-expression by plasmid transfection enhanced these effects of troglitazone. Moreover, no changes were observed in the mutant type-PTEN group. Conclusion: Upregulation of PTEN is involved in the inhibition of cell growth and induction of cell apoptosis by troglitazone. Further, PTEN over-expression can cause cell growth inhibition in osteosarcoma cells and these cell growth inhibitions could be enhance by troglitazone treatment.