• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.167-173
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate suitable pruning methods to avoid poor berry setting of 'Kyoho' grapevine in Suwon and Anseong areas. Light pruning increased percentage of bud bursts and number of shoots per bearing mother branches(BMB), cluster weight and percentage of berry sating but it decreased shoot length, number of leaves and, leaf area and leaf weight. There was little difference in soluble solids, titratable acidity, and anthocyanin contents of berries by the treatment of either light or heavy pruning. Shoot length became longer as diameter of BMB thickened, leaf area and chlorophyll content also became larger and diameter of BMB. Total carbohydrate and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents showed significantly little difference, but total carbohydrate and Ca contents showed a tendency of continuous increase as diameter of BMB thinned. Number of seeded berries per cluster became fewer as BMB thinned but percentage of berry setting showed an increasing tendency. Cluster weight, berry weight, berry number per cluster, soluble solids, anthocyanin content were higher in case of around 1cm of diameters of BMB.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of nitrogen(N) fertilization levels(0. 120, 240 and 360 kg/ha/y) on seasonal nitrate nitrogen($NO_3$-N) concentration and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of grasses grown under shading condition. The plants were sampled on 7. 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after harvesting in spring(May), summer(July) and autumn(September), 1988. respectively. Shading degree was controlled artificially ca. 45-50%, and each annual level of N was distributed 5 times equally. The $NO_3$-N concentration of grasses was very low(0.064 %) in spring, high in summer(O.l98 %) and autumn(0.234%), and NO,-N was slightly decreased with growing of grasses. Also the NO,-N concentration of grasses was increased significantly with increasing level of N. In spring, the $NO_3$-N of grasses was very safety(less than 0.1 %), regardless of plant height and N level. In summer and autumn, however, plant heights of below 40 cm(summer) and 44 cm(autumn), and N levels of over 210 kg(summer) and 140 kg(autumn) were over toxic level to animals, respectively. The WSC content of grasses was slightly decreased with grass growth. and significantly decreased with high level of N. From the above results, it is suggested that 200 kg/ha of N in this experiment is effective for forage quality. Also a little more amount of N(50-70kgltimes) in spring. and low level of N(20-30 kgltimes) in summer and autumn season may be desirable on woodland posture.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low temperature thermal pre-treatment on biodegradation of waste activated sludge for anaerobic digestion as a countermeasure for increasing sludge generation. The experimental condition was accomplished in 2 %, 4 %, and 6 % TS concentration, and $70^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$ of temperature for a maximum of 120 minutes retention time. Then, it was followed by analysis of physical/chemical properties, BMP test and composition of biogas. The biogas characteristic was evaluated by applying the modified Gomperz model. As a result, solubility of dissolved substrate, such as $SCOD_{Cr}$, soluble carbohydrate, and soluble protein, and biogas production increased as temperature increased. Solubilization efficiency at $90^{\circ}C$ was 18.4 %, 17.03 % and 16.88% in 2 %, 4 %, and 6 % TS concentration respectively. Also, solubilization rates of carbohydrate and protein similarly increased. BMP test results also showed that methane production in excess sludge increased to 0.194, 0.187 and $0.182m^3/kg$ VS. respectively, and lag phase decreased to 0.145, 0.220, 0.351 day due to acceleration of the hydrolysis step. Consequently, low-temperature thermal pre-treatment could increase biodegradability of sludge, positively affecting biogas production and sludge reduction.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2017

In Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations(CAFOs), emission of ammonia from stored manure contributes negatively on the wellness of livestock. In CAFOs facilities, indoor aerial ammonia concentration oftentime surpasses the critical level potentially harmful to livestock's immune system. Understandably, numerous researches to control aerial ammonia have been conducted in countries where CAFOs were practiced for many decades. Some innovative technologies, such as scrubber, bio-filter, and additives emerged, as a result. Among them, microbial additives became popular in Korea, due to an easiness of use and affordability. However, microbial additives still have some weaknesses. Their price is still high enough to discourage farmers who run a small scale farm and their effectiveness are still questioned by many users and researchers. In the present study, we found soluble carbohydrates, such as sugar, glucose, and molasses, when supplemented to pig slurry manure, can mitigate ammonia emission. To be more specific, pig manure slurry(120kg), stored in container(200L), was supplemented with sugar at 0.1%(w/w) and was, subsequently, monitored for pH and aerial ammonia for next 10 days. From this experiment, it was found that the sugar supplementation was effective in mitigating the aerial ammonia concentration (33% in average) when monitored daily. Also, the pH of manure slurry was maintained at relatively low level(8.2) in sugar-supplemented manure slurry while it was elevated to 8.5 in untreated slurry. Conclusively, the obtained data suggest that soluble carbohydrate can mitigate ammonia emission by acidifying manure slurry. Additionally, it can be suggested that soluble carbohydrates, such as sugar, glucose, and molasses, can be reasonable choices for animal farmers who have been looking for an alternative choice to replace expensive microbial additives.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2000

Eight-week old perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Reveille) plants were exposed to different NO3-concentrations or osmotic stress with NaCI. Previously labeled "N was chased during 14 days of non-labeled'NO3 feeding in order to investigate NO3 metabolism in relation to osmoregulation. The short termmeasurement of osmotic potential showed that the extemal concentration of Nos- had not great effect on theosmotic potential, but that osmotic adjustment was observed in NaCl-treated plants. Total uptake of NO 3 - waslargely increased by increasing supply level of NO3 while it was depressed by exposing to osmotic stress.Nitrate reduction increased to more than 29% by increasing extemal NO,- concentration from 1 mM to 10mM. When osmotically stressed with NaCI, nitrate reduction was depressed to about 37% as compared to thecontrol. The decrease in translocation of reduced N into leaves was also observed in NaCl exposed plants. Inthe medium exposed to 10 mM NO,., osmotic contribution of nitrate to cumulative osmotic potential wasdecreased, and it was osmotically compensated with soluble carbohydrate. When osmotically stressed withNaC1, the contribution of chloride was much higher than that of nitrate. The present data indicate that N03-in plant tissues, factually affected by the assimilation of this ion, plays an active role in osmotic regulation incorrelation with other osmotica such carbohydrate and chloride.(Key words : Nitrate metabolism, Osmotic stress, Nitrate supply level, Osmoregulation)ate supply level, Osmoregulation)

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.254-259
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• 2006

Milling qualities and indigestible carbohydrate fractions (ICF) depending on harvesting time of Goami2 (G2), mutant of Ilpum (IP) rice, was examined. Fifty days after heading (DAH) maximized head rice milling quality (57.69%) and ICF content ($5.09{\pm}0.36\;g/100\;g$). ICF contents and physical properties of G2 and IP at 50 DAH were compared. ICF of G2 was three times higher than that of IP ($1.61{\pm}0.09\;g/100\;g$). Parboiling treatment increased ICF of G2 to $7.18{\pm}0.16\;g/100\;g$. G2 showed lower water absorption index, which could lower pasting properties, but higher water solubility index, implying it contains more soluble components. Texture properties of G2 were different from those of IP, showing higher hardness, and lower adhesiveness and cohesiveness. Positive correlation was observed between ICF and hardness, but reverse correlation between ICF and cohesiveness.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2002

As inhibitors of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes can prevent hyperglycemia that is known to cause many macrovascular complications, they may prove a useful adjunct to hypocaloric diets in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Inhibitory activities of two hundred and fifteen kinds of medicinal herb extracts against $\alpha$-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) and $\alpha$-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) have been investigated in vitro. Adenophora triphylla, Aneilema keisak, and Morus bombysis significantly suppressed rat intestinal $\alpha$-glucosidase activity iu vitro. Porcine pancreatic amylase was efficiently inhibited by methanol extracts of Epimedium koreanum, Campsis grandiflora and Salvia plebeia. Methanol extract of Epimedium koreanum among the medicinal herbs tested showed the strongest inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic $\alpha$-amylase with 0.1 mg/ML of $IC_{50}$/. The herb extract also improved glucose tolerance in ICR mice when loaded with 0.9 g soluble starch per kg body weight. Taken together, Epimedium koreanum merits further evaluation as a therapeutic measure.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 1997

한국산 동백나무겨우살이(Pseudixus japonicus Hayata)에 존재하는 수용성 리그닌-탄수화물 복합체를 구성하는 다당류의 구조를 밝히고 리그닌 성분과 다당류의 결합양식을 구명하고자, 냉 온수 추출한 수용성 리그닌-탄수화물 복합체(M-LCC-WE)를 DEAE Sephadex A-50로 중성분획(M-LCC-N)과 산성분획(M-LCC-A), 나머지분획(M-LCC-R)으로 세분화한 후 M-LCC-N과 M-LCC-A에 대하여 메틸화, 아세틸화, 그리고 DDQ 산화반응을 실시하였다. M-LCC-N을 구성하는 다당류는 ($1{\rightarrow}4$) 글리코시드결합의 arabinan과 ($1{\rightarrow}4$)나 ($1{\rightarrow}6$) 글리코시드결합의 galactan과 glucan으로 M-LCC-A의 다당류는 ($1{\rightarrow}4$) 글리코시드결합의 arabinan과 ($1{\rightarrow}6$) 글리코시드결합의 galactan이 다당류 주성분으로 밝혀졌으며 galacturonic acid가 결합되어 있기 때문에 산성적 성질을 나타내고 있었다. 또한 M-LCC-A에서는 galacturonic acid 의 carboxyl 그룹이 리그닌의 ${\alpha}$-와 ${\gamma}$-위치에서 ester결합이 존재함이 확인되었다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2010

Characteristic of hydrogen production was investigated to find the optimum heat pretreatment conditions for the anaerobic fermentation of food waste. The heat pretreatment of food waste enhanced the hydrogen yield due to the increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and carbohydrate content. This result revealed that the maximum degrees of disintegration of SCOD and carbohydrate content were 55.1% and 223.6%, respectively. On the other hand, the improvement of hydrogen yield was insignificantly affected by heating reaction time at longer than 20 min; the increase of hydrogen yield was only about 7% between 20min and 1 hour. Therefore, the increase of reaction time more than 20min was not necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 1984

In this experiment, the changes in the components of carbohydrate and their enzyme activities were investigated to study the conversion of sugars in tomato under sub-atmospheric pressure storage .The results obtained are as follows: The soluble sugars in tomato fruits were, for the most part, fructose and glucose together with small quantity of sucrose and maltose. The content of fructose increased throughout the storage, while that of glucose increased at an early stage but decreased at the latter part, and that of sucrose decreased drastically with progress of storage. The activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ and invertase playing important roles in conversion of sugars showed a rapid increase at onset of respiration climacteric, resulting that the content of total soluble sugar showed a tendency to decrease strikingly, whereas those of starch and sucrose to decrease rapidly. Thus, the effect of temperature was more pronounced than that of pressure.