• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.200-200
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• 2003

Polycrystalline Si(polysilicon) TFTs have opened a way for the next generation of display devices, due to their higher mobility of charge carriers relative to a-Si TFTs. The polysilicon W applications extend from the current Liquid Crystal Displays to the next generation Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) displays. In particular, the OLED devices require a stricter control of properties of gate oxide layer, polysilicon layer, and their interface. The polysilicon layer is generally obtained by annealing thin film a-Si layer using techniques such as solid phase crystallization and excimer laser annealing. Typically laser-crystallized Si films have grain sizes of less than 1 micron, and their electrical/dielectric properties are strongly affected by the presence of grain boundaries. Impedance spectroscopy allows the frequency-dependent measurement of impedance and can be applied to inteface-controlled materials, resolving the respective contributions of grain boundaries, interfaces, and/or surface. Impedance spectroscopy was applied to laser-annealed Si thin films, using the electrodes which are designed specially for thin films. In order to understand the effect of grain size on physical properties, the amorphous Si was exposed to different laser energy densities, thereby varying the grain size of the resulting films. The microstructural characterization was carried out to accompany the electrical/dielectric properties obtained using the impedance spectroscopy, The correlation will be made between Si grain size and the corresponding electrical/dielectric properties. The ramifications will be discussed in conjunction with active-matrix thin film transistors for Active Matrix OLED.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.111.1-111.1
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• 2011

The solar energy is dramatically increasing as the alternative energy source and the silicon(Si) solar cell are used the most. In this study, the improved process and equipment for the metallurgical refinement of multicrystalline Si were evaluated for the inexpensive solar cell. The planar plane and columnar dendrite aheadof the liquid-solid interface position caused the superior segregation of impurities from the Si. The solidification rate and thermal gradient determined the shape of dendrite in solidified Si matrix solidified by the directional solidification(DS) method. To simulate this equipment, the commercial software, PROCAST, was used to solve the solidification rate and thermal gradient. Si was vertically solidified by the DS system with Stober process and up-graded metallurgical grade or metallurgical grade Si was used as the feedstock. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP) was used to measure the concentration of impurities in the refined Si ingot. According to the result of ICP and simulation, the high thermal gradient between the two phases wasable to increase the solidification rate under the identical level of refinement. Also, the separating heating zone equipped with the melting and solidification zone was effective to maintain the high thermal gradient during the solidification.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.332-341
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• 1990

The structure and tensile properties of the unidirectionally solidified Al-33wt.%Cu alloy have been investigated. Casted Al-33wt.%Cu alloy was unidirectionally solidified with rates (R) between 1㎝/hr and 24cm/hr maintaining the thermal gradient(G) at solid-liquid interface, $32^{\circ}C/cm$ and $21^{\circ}C/cm$. The entectic struture was varied according to the growth condition(G/R radio). When G/R ratio was larger than $8.5{\times}10^3$ $^{\circ}C/cm^2/sec$ the lamellar structure was formed, and colony structure was formed when G/R ratio was smaller than $8.5{\times}10^3$ $^{\circ}C/cm^2/sec$. The interlamellar spacing(${\gamma}$) in the above alloy system was vaired with the growth rate(R) According to "${\gamma}^2{\cdot}R＝8.8{\times}10＾{-11}cm^2/sec$" relationship. The yield stress (${\sigma}$0.001) and UTS for samples in the as-grown condition increased with the interlamellar spacing decrease and the values corresponding to colony structure are lower than those corresponding to amellar structure with the same lamellar spacing. The yield stress for samples in aged condition did not change with the interlamellar spacing.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.324-331
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• 1990

The single crystal of CdTe was grown by modified 6 zone Bridgman method under the conditions of excess Te and excess Cd. To prevent the constitutional supercooling, the crystal growth was done under the temperature gradient of $17^{\circ}C/cm$ in front of the solid /liquid interface and the growth rate was 3mm/hr. The grain morphologies and the growth mechanism were investigated in excess Te and excess Cd conditions. The grain size of excess Te crystal was increased with an increase of the distance from the tip but, in the case of excess Cd crystal, single crystal was not obtained because of the cavities due to the excess Cd vapors so that the grain size was not increased with an increase of the distance from the tip. In addition, the growth of single crystal of CdTe was done with repeated necking ampoule. It was found that the necking had no effects on the grain selection because the cavities trapped in the necking portion acted as heterogeneous nucleation sites.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of digestion temperature on the settleability and dewaterability of anaerobically digested sludge. The digesters were operated at a hydraulic retention time of 20 days with a loading rate of 0.63~0.66kg volatile solids per cubic meter per day at the temperature of $35^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$. A mixed primary and secondary municipal sludge was used as a feed. The interface height of the sludge during settling test was recorded to identify settleability. As a measure of dewaterability of the sludge, specific resistance and capillary suction time were also measured with and without chemical conditioning. Higher digestion efficiency was obtained at $55^{\circ}C$ than $35^{\circ}C$. However, the settleability and dewaterability of the sludge at $35^{\circ}C$ were quite higher than those of the sludge digested at $55^{\circ}C$. The optimum dosages of ferric chloride for sludge conditioning were 0.4% and 0.6% at $35^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$, respectively. The filtrate COD of the sludge digested at $55^{\circ}C$ was higher than at $35^{\circ}C$, which means that poor dewaterability of the sludge result in high filtrate COD.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2003

고속인상은 후처리에 의하여 쉽게 제거될 수 있도록 성장 결함 분포를 작게 만들기 용이하다. 본 연구에서는, 1.0 mm/min 이상의 속도를 갖는 고속 인상 결정을 육성하였으며, 결정 내의 성장 결함 분포를 분석하였다. 최근의 Cz-Si 결정 성장에서 특정 온도구간에서의 냉각속도와 고액계면에서의 온도구배의 균일성 등이 성장 결함 형성에 대하여 인상속도보다 더 중요한 영향을 주는 것이 발견되었다. 따라서, 고속 인상 결정에서 냉각속도와 온도구배의 영향을 분석하였으며, 이를 실제 관찰된 결함 형성거동과 비교하였다. 이론적 고찰을 통하여 공동 결함 형성에 대한 유효인자(Ω)를 도출하였으며, 이로부터 공동 결함의 반경방향 분포 특성을 효과적으로 설명하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.353-356
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• 1999

Highly proten-conductive elastic composites have been successfully prepared from $H_3PO_4$-doped silica gel and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block elastic copolymer. In addition solid state electric double-layer capacitors have been fabricated using the composite as an electrolyte and activated carbon powders(ACP) hybridized with the composite as a polrizable electrode. The cyclic voltammogram of the electric double-layer capacitor fabricated demonstrated that electric charge was stored in the elecric double-layer at the interface between the polarizable electrode and the electrolyte. The value of capacitance of the capacitor was 10 F/(gram of total ACP), which was comparable to that of the capacitors using conventional liquid electrolytes.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1107-1116
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• 2006

The droplet ejection process driven by an evaporating bubble in a thermal inkjet printhead is investigated by numerically solving the conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy. The phase interfaces are tracked by a level set method which is modified to include the effect of phase change at the interface and extended for multiphase flows with irregular solid boundaries. The compressibility effect of a bubble is also included in the analysis to appropriately describe the bubble expansion behaviour associated with the high pressure caused by bubble nucleation. The whole process of bubble growth and collapse as well as droplet ejection during thermal inkjet printing is simulated without employing a simplified semi-empirical bubble growth model. Based on the numerical results, the jet breaking and droplet formation behaviour is observed to depend strongly on the bubble growth and collapse pattern. Also, the effects of liquid viscosity, surface tension and nozzle geometry are quantified from the calculated bubble growth rate and ink droplet ejection distance.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 1990

In this, we have investigated the solute behavior in front of solid-liquid interface according to the change of the cooling rate in bronze alloy and phosphor bronze alloy. The conclusive summary is as follows: 1) The secondary dendrite arm spacing was decreased with increasing the cooling rate. 2) The minimum solute concentration happened to along centerline of primary arm, and the maximum solute concentration was found at the boundary of arm or between the arms the minimum solute concentration was increased with the cooling rate. 3) Segregation Index S was decreased with increasing the cooling rate and content of P. 4) The degree of the microsegregation was decreased with increasing the cooling rate. The effective distribution coefficient, Ke was increased with addition of P in Cu-Sn.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.241-250
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• 1997

액체/고체 경계면에서 후방 복사된 초음파의 주파수 분석에 의해 Si layer/mesh Au/Si substrate 시편에 존재하는 표면 탄성파의 주파수 의존성이 측정되었다. 사용된 광역 탐촉자(2, 5, 10MHz)의 주파수에 따라 다르게 나타난 후방 복사의 입사각 의존성은 이 현상이 표면 지역에 발생된 표면파로부터의 에너지 복사에 의한 것임을 보여주었다. 후방 산란된 초음파의 입사각 의존성을 연속적으로 측정하기 위한 초음파 각도계가 제작되었고 다른 비율의 구리 분말이 섞인 에폭시에 의해 접착된 Ni layer/Al substrate 시편에 대해 후방복사 세기의 입사각 의존성이 측정되었다. (5MHz) 후방 복사의 폭과 패턴은 표면파 속도의 주파수 의존성, layer 접합의 질 그리고 표면 지역의 구조 등 여러 정보를 가지고 있음이 밝혀졌다.