• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.388-396
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• 2017

A Lagrangian approach based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate large and/or sharp deformations and fragmentations of interfaces, including free surfaces, through tracing each particle with physical quantities. According to the concept of the particle-based CFD method, it is possible to apply it to both fluid particles and solid particles such as sand, gravel, and rock. However, the presence of more than two different phases in the same domain can make it complicated to calculate the interaction between different phases. In order to solve multiphase problems, particle interaction models for multiphase problems, including surface tension, buoyancy-correction, and interface boundary condition models, were newly adopted into the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method. The newly developed MPS method was used to simulate a typical validation problem involving dam breaking. Because the soil and other particles, excluding the water, may have different viscosities, various viscosity coefficients were applied in the simulations for validation. The newly developed and validated MPS method was used to simulate the mobile beds induced by broken dam flows. The effects of the viscosity on soil particles were also investigated.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.275-287
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• 2023

Subgrade differential settlement of high-speed railways was a pivotal issue that could increase the risk of trains operation. The risk will be further increased when trains in the subsidence zone are affected by crosswinds. In this paper, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and finite element (FE) model were established, and the data transmission interface of the two models was established by fluid-solid interaction (FSI) method to form a systematic crosswind-train-track-subgrade dynamic model. The risk of high-speed train encountering crosswind in settlement area was analyzed. The results showed that the aerodynamic force of the trains increased significantly with the increase in crosswind speed. The aerodynamic force of the trains could reach 125.14 kN, significantly increasing the risk of derailment and overturning. Considering the influence of crosswind, the risk of train operation could be greatly increased. The safety indices and the wheel-rail force both increased with the increase of the wind speed. For the high-speed train running at 350 km/h, the warning value of wind speed was 10.2 m /s under the condition of subgrade settlement with wavelength of 20 m and amplitude of 15 mm.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2017

In laser full penetration welding process, full penetration hole(FPH) is formed as a result of force balance between the vapor pressure and the surface tension of the surrounding molten metal. In this work, a three-dimensional numerical model based on a conserved-mass level-set method is developed to simulate the transport phenomena during laser full penetration welding process, including full penetration keyhole dynamics. Ray trancing model is applied to simulate multi-reflection phenomena in the keyhole wall. The ghost fluid method and continuum method are used to deal with liquid/vapor interface and solid/liquid interface. The effects of processing parameters including laser power and scanning speed on the resultant full penetration hole diameter, laser energy distribution and energy absorption efficiency are studied. The model is validated against experimental results. The diameter of full penetration hole calculated by the simulation model agrees well with the coaxial images captured during laser welding of thin stainless steel plates. Numerical simulation results show that increase of laser power and decrease of welding speed can enlarge the full penetration hole, which decreases laser energy efficiency.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2020

There is a growing interest in hydrogen energy utilization since an alternative energy development has been demanded due to the depletion of fossil fuels. Hydrogen is produced by the reforming reaction of natural gas and biogas, and the electrolysis of water. An solid oxide electrolyte cell (SOEC) is reversible system that generates hydrogen by electrolyzing the superheated steam or producing the electricity from a fuel cell by hydrogen. If the water can be converted into steam by waste heat from other processes it is more efficient for high-temperature electrolysis to convert steam directly. The reasons are based upon the more favorable thermodynamic and electrochemical kinetic conditions for the reaction. In the present study, steam at over 180℃ and 3.4 bars generated from a boiler were converted into superheated steam at over 700℃ and 3 bars using a cylindrical steam superheater as well as the waste heat of the exhaust gas at 900℃ from a solid refuse fuel combustor. Superheated steam at over 700℃ was then supplied to a high-temperature SOEC to increase the hydrogen production efficiency of water electrolysis. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was conducted on the effects of the number of 90° elbow connector for piping, insulation types and insulation layers of pipe on the exit temperature using a commercial Fluent simulator. For two pre-heater injection method of steam inlet and ceramic wool insulation of 100 mm thickness, the highest inlet temperature of SOEC was 744℃ at 5.9 bar.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10b
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• pp.298-301
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• 1993

In pneumatic systems the temperature changes during operation owing to air compression or expansion, friction of air movement and friction between solid interface. The temperature change usually ha undesirable influence on process. To attain higher quality of pneumatics, studies in thermo-fluid dynamics is needed. This paper presents experimental results anti theoretical analysis on the temperature change by air charge and discharge to cylinders, which has no piston yet. The temperature increase by charge shows a strong, dependence on axial location along the cylinder, which is proved in theoretical analysis. The temperature decreases by discharge shows rather uniform in the cylinder, which is also proved by theory.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 1997

An axial flow fan design system has been made by integrating the self-developed programs and I-DEAS. By using the system, an axial flow fan was designed, manufactured and verified through the wind tunnel experiments in coorperation with a refrigerator appliance division. It has been shown that the optimal design without the ambiguity of the design parameters can be possible by the three-dimensional flow simulations using a self-developed CID code, FANS-3D. (Flow Analysis code using Navier Stokes aguations in Three-Dimensional curvilinear coordinates). By virtue of the fluency of the data flow, an optimally designed fan which satisfies design conditions can be selected in a short time and less cost. The manufacturing processes of a Mock-up and an injection molding die have been automated through the self-made interface programs which connnect from the start to the end. It has been shown that the newly developed fan by this system has a superior performance characteristics to an existing fan.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.220-229
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• 1992

The degree of purification and the macrostructure of high purity aluminium were studied through the alternate stirring method in order to improve the nonuniformity of solute concentration in the unidirectional stirring method. The $2^3$ factorial design was done to examine the effects of experimental factors more qualitatively. In the relatively low stirring speed of 1500 rpm with alternate stirring mode, the uniform solute profile and refined grain structure were obtained due to strong washing effect and turbulent fluid flow. It was induced by the transition of the momentum boundary layer by alternation of the stirrer. It was concluded from this study that the alternate stirring mode was more effective to obtain the uniformity of solute even in the stirring speed of 1500 rpm. But the degree of purification decreased below the critical alternating period. When 2N(99.8wt.%) aluminium was used as the starting material the morphology of solid-liquid showed the cellular shape and the columnar grains were inclined to the direction of rotation. This inclined grain growth resulted from the difference of relative velocities of solid and liquid. The inclined angle was increased as the stirring speed increased and solidification proceeded. In the case of 4N aluminium, there was no inclined grain growth and it was confirmed from the macrostructure and SEM work that the morphology of solid-liquid interface was planar. From the factorial design, it was found that the alternate stirring mode showed poorer purification effect than that of unidirectional stirring mode at low speed(500 rpm). In addition, the factor that had the most significant effect on the degree of purification was the stirring speed.

• Solar Energy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 1999

In this study, basic design data which were required for development of highly efficient ice storage system with low temperature latent heat were experimentally obtained. The ice storage system considered in this study was the one that has been widely used in the developed country and called the ice-on-coil type. Using the system, the ice storage performance for various design parameters which were the flow direction and the inlet temperature of the secondary fluid was tested. In addition, the clockwise variation of the heat transfer characteristics of the PCM in the ice storage tank were investigated. During the melting processes in the ice storage tank with several vertical tubes, decrease of the solid-liquid interface area, which was the heat transfer area, between the floating ice and the water made the decreasing rate of IPF less. Also, the total melting energy for the upward flow of the secondary fluid was higher than that for the downward flow during the melting process, but this trend did not appear if the initial temperature of the PCM was $4^{\circ}C$. The average ice recovery efficiency for the upward flow of the secondary fluid was higher than that for the downward flow.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.37-57
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• 2016

Reservoir geomechanics can play an important role in hydrocarbon recovery mechanism. In $CO_2$-EOR process, reservoir geomechanics analysis is concerned with the simultaneous study of fluid flow and the mechanical response of the reservoir under $CO_2$ injection. Accurate prediction of geomechanical effects during $CO_2$ injection will assist in modeling the Carbon dioxide recovery process and making a better design of process and production equipment. This paper deals with the implementation of a program (FORTRAN 90 interface code), which was developed to couple conventional reservoir (ECLIPSE) and geomechanical (ABAQUS) simulators, using a partial coupling algorithm. A geomechanics reservoir partially coupled approach is presented that allows to iteratively take the impact of geomechanics into account in the fluid flow calculations and therefore performs a better prediction of the process. The proposed approach is illustrated on a realistic field case. The reservoir geomechanics coupled models show that in the case of lower maximum bottom hole injection pressure, the cumulative oil production is more than other scenarios. Moreover at the high injection pressures, the production rates will not change with the injection bottom hole pressure variations. Also the FEM analysis of the reservoir showed that at $CO_2$ injection pressure of 11000 Psi the plastic strain has been occurred in the some parts of the reservoir and the related stress path show a critical behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.40-45
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• 2016

Magnetic resonance velocimeter (MRV) is a powerful tool to non-invasively measure the velocity of a fluid flow in various fields ranging from medicine to engineering. However, since the demands for accurate measurement in the solid/liquid interface for cardiovascular diseases and porous media increase, the improvement of spatial resolution is required. In this study, a solenoid RF coil is developed for high spatial resolution measurement. The signal-to-noise ratio in solenoid RF coil is increased seventeen times better than that in commercial coil. Moreover, the velocity distribution of Hagen-Poiseuille flow is measured with in-plane resolution of $36{\mu}m$ by $36{\mu}m$ and the accuracy of the measured velocity is compared with theoretical distribution of the laminar flow. Flow rate calculated by MRV is estimated with the flow rate injected by syringe pump.