• Title/Summary/Keyword: Solen strictus

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Concentration and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Sediments and Bivalves(Solen Strictus Gould) from Tidal Flats along the Mid-Western Coast, Korea (서해 중부연안 갯벌에서의 저질 및 패류 (Solen Strictus Gould) 중 중금속 분포특성)

  • 황갑수;신형선;김강주;여성구;김진삼
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 2001
  • Heavy metal level and distribution in sediment and bivalves from the tidal flats along the mid-western coast, Korea. were investigated in this study. The averages of heavy metal concentrations in sediments from 5 sampling sites ranged from 86.35-187.77mg/kg for Mn. 13.25-17.73mg/kg for Zn.6.80-11.85mg/kg for Cr,4.28-6.25mg/kg for Ni, 1.85-3.09mg/kg for Cu, 0.004-0.02()mg/kg for Cd and 5.70-10.41 mg/kg for Pb, respectively. From the results of heavy metal concentrations in mussels, the levels of Mn and Fe concentrations in S. strictus collected from S1 antral S2 sites were particularly high. Deviations of heavy metal concentrations am(Ing the individual mussels from the same site could be largely minimized by selecting mussel samples of the limited range in body size(8.5-11cm). Among the mussels of the limited body size, heavy metal concentrations both in the flesh and in the whole soft part were not strongly related to the body size. It was shown that ,in S. strictus, Cu moves fast into the flesh parts after absorption, while Pb and Fe move fast into the non-flesh parts. Overally. the heavy metal concentration in the tends to increase with that in the whole soft parts. The concentration factors(heavy metal concentration in 5. strictus/heavy metal concentration in sediment) showed that, of the examined meta1s. Cd is the most cumulative in the body of S. strictus followed by Zn and Cu, while Mn, Cr. Ni and Pb are not cumulative.

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Annual Reprodutive Cycle of the Jackknife Clams, Solen strictus and Solen gordonis (맛조개, Solen strictus와 붉은맛, Solen gordonis의 생식년주기)

  • CHUNG Ee-Yung;KIM Hyung-Bae;LEE Taek-Yuil
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.563-574
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    • 1986
  • The structure of gonads, gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of the jackknife clams, Solen strictus and Solen gordonis were investigated mainly by histological observation. The first species used were monthly sampled at the coastal area of Dadaepo, Pusan, Korea and Naechodo, Kunsan, Korea for one year from February 1982 to January 1983. The second species were monthly sampled at the sand beach of Dadaepo, Pusan, Korea, from February 1982 to January 1983. Sexualities of Solen strictus and Solen gordonis are dioecious, and these species are oviparous. The gonads are irregularly arranged from the subregion of mid-intestinal gland in visceral cavity to reticular connective tissue of foot. The ovary was composed of a number of small ovarian sacs and the testis was composed of several testicular lobuli which from the tubular structure. Early multiplicating oogonium was about $10{\mu}m$ in diamater. Nucleus and nucleolus, at that time, were distinct in appearance. Each of the early growing oocytes made an egg-stalk, connected to the germinal epithelium of the ovarian sac. A great number of undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and eosinophilic granular cells are abundantly distributed in the ovarian sacs in the early development stages. With the further development of gonad, these tissue and cells gradually disappeared. Then the undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and eosinophilic granular cells function as nutritive cells in the formation and development of the early stage germ cells. Mature oocytes were free in the lumen of ovarian sacs and gradually become round or oval. Ripe oocyte was about 80 to $90{\mu}m$ in diameter. With the further development of testis, each of the testicular lobuli formed stratified layers composed of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa in groups on the germinal epithelium. After spawning, the gonad gradually degenerated, and disorganized completely. Then new differentiated tissues were rearranged next year. The annual reproductive cycle of those species could be classified into five stages; multiplicative, growing, mature, spent, degenerative and resting stage. It seems that the spawning season is closely related to the water temperature, and the spawning of Solen strictus occurs from June to July at above $20^{\circ}C$ in water temperature. The peak spawning season appeared in June at Dadaepo and in July at Kunsan, The spawning of Solen gordonis occurs from May to June with the peak spawning season in June. Percentages of the first maturity in female of Solen strictus ranging from 5.1-6.0 cm and 7.1-8.0 cm in shell length were $50\%$ and $100\%$, respectively.

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Growth and Production of Macrobenthic Fauna on a Macrotidal Flat, Inchon, Korea -I. Growth of the Razor Clam, Solen (Solen) strictus (Bivalvia, Solenidae) from Chokchon Tidal Flat- (인천연안 간석지산 주요 저서생물의 성장과 생물생산 -I. 척전지역 간석지에 서식하는 맛조개, Solen (Solen) strictus의 성장-)

  • HONG Jae-Sang;PARK Heung-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.549-559
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    • 1994
  • Razor clam, Solen (Solen) strictus, was collected between May 1989 and July 1990 on a macrotidal flat, Inchon, Korea. The population sampled at just above mean sea level had a mean density of 126 individuals/$m^2$. Age was determined for 872 specimens by counting annuli, a series of closely-spaced concentric growth lines. According to the fatness index spawning seemed to have occurred once per year in June, and the first recruits for the 1989 year cohort population were found in July. Solen (Solen) strictus on the Chokchon tidal flat reached a shell length of 6.2 cm in four years. Mean growth in shell length can be described by the von Bertalanffy function, which yielded estimates of growth parameters equivalent to $L_{\infty}=81.865\;mm$ shell length and K=0.320 per year: $$L_{t}=81.865(1-e^{-0.320(t+0.487)})$$$$W_{t}=7.173(1-e^{-0.320(t+0.487)})^3$$

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Studies on A Trematode Parasitized on Bivalves V. On metacercaria of Echinostomatidae detected from Mactra veneriformis, Cyclina sinensis and Solen strictus (조개류(類)에 기생(寄生)하는 흡충류(吸蟲類)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) V. 동죽, 가무락조개 및 맛조개에서 검출(檢出)되는 극구흡충류(棘口吸蟲類)의 유충(幼蟲)에 대(對)하여)

  • Kim, Young-Gill
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.31-37
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    • 1988
  • An experiment was carried out in order to reveal the infection species of trematode and the infection demage in the marine bivalves. Metacercaria of Echinostomatidae were found in Mactra veneriformis, Cyclina sinensis and Solen strictus in the vicinity sea of Naecho-do, the estuary of the Keum River in the western coast of Korea. The metacercaria detected from Solen strictus were fed by Larus crassiostris, at 16 days after infection, the adult worm could be seceded. The metacercaria of Himasthla kusasigi were detected from Mactra veneriformis and Cyclina sinensis, their infection rates were 70.4% and 85.7% respectively. The partial infection rates with respect to the body parts were 40.4% and 77.3% in the foot, 17.0% and 12.4% in the gill, 12.6% and 10.3% in the mantle in order. The metacercaria of Acanthoparyphium were found from Solen strictus. The total infection rate was 63% and the partial infection rate was 63% and the partial infection rate was shown foot, mantle and gill in order. The adult worm ceded from Larus crassiostris was indentified as Acanthoparyphium tyosenensis Yamaguti, 1938 from view point of its physical characteristics. Therefore, Mactra veneriformis, Cyclina sinensis would be added as new intermediate hosts, and Echoinostoma decteded from Mactra sulcataria which was studied by author(1969) was revealed as larvae of Acanthoparyphium tyosenensis.

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서해 중부연안 갯벌에서의 저질 및 패류(Solen strictus Gould)중 중금속 분포특성

  • 황갑수;김강주;여성구;김진삼
    • Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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    • 2002.04a
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    • pp.20-22
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    • 2002
  • Heavy metal level and distribution in sediments and bivalves from the tidal flats along the mid-western coast, Korea, were investigated. The averages of heavy metal concentrations in sediments from 5 sampling sites ranged from 86.35-187.77mg/kg for Mn, 13.25-17.73mg/kg for Zn, 6.80-11.85mg/kg for Cr, 4.28-6.25mg/kg for Ni, 1.85-3.09mg/kg for Cu, 0.004-0.020mg/kg for Cd and 5.70-10.41mg/kg for Pb, respectively. Among the mussels of the limited body size(8.5-11cm), heavy metal concentration both in the flesh and in the whole soft parts were not strongly related to the body size. It was shown that, in S. strictus, Cu moves fast into the flesh after absorption, but Pb and Fe move very slowly. Overally, the heavy metal concentration in the flesh tends to increase with that in the whole soft parts. The concentration factors(heavy metal concentration in S. strictus/heavy metal concentration in sediment) showed that, of the examined metals, Cd is the most cumulative in the body of S. strictus, followed by Zn and Cu, while Mn, Cr, Ni and Pb are not cumulative.

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Growth and Production of Macrobenthic Fauna on a Macrotidal Flat, Inchon, Korea -II. Production of the Razor Clam, Solen (Solen) strictus (Bivalvia, Solenidae) from Chokchon Tidal Flat- (인천연안 간석지산 주요 저서생물의 성장과 생물생산 -II. 척전지역 간석지에 서식하는 맛조개, Solen (Solen) strictus의 생물생산-)

  • HONG Jae-Sang;PARK Heung-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.560-571
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    • 1994
  • A single station representative of the razor clam, Solen (Solen) strictus, on a macrotidal flat, Inchon, Korea was sampled at bimonthly intervals between May 1989 and July 1990 by using a can corer. Estimates of growth rate and annual production of this razor clam have been made using the techniques of cohort growth analysis. Growth rate and production were highest during the first year after spawning and recruitment. The annual production was $2.83g\;DWt/m^2/yr$, mean annual biomass $256.3\;g/w^20$, and a turnover time of 5.00 yea, giving an annual turnover rate (P/B) of $0.20\;yr^{-1}$. The total annual production in wet weight ($33.22g\;WWt/m^2/yr$) appeared to consist of water in live flesh($72.6\%$) and shell($18.9\%$), whereas the dry weight of the soft parts was $8.52\%$, the ash-free dry weight $5.4\%$, and the ash content $3.1\%$ of the total wet weight.

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Studies on the Life History of Bacciger harengulae (Bacciger harengulae의 생활사에 관한 연구)

  • KIM Young-Gill;CHUN Seh-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.449-470
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    • 1984
  • The cercaria of Bacciger herengulae which is parasitized on the gonad of Solen strictus was investigated in order to reveal its entire life history. The area covered for the study was in the vicinity sea of Naechodo, the estuary of the Kum river in the western coast of Korea during the period of 1980-1983. Morphology and development as well as infection rates of sporocyst and cercaria within Solen strictus were examined. For accomplishing the objectives of this study, an artificial infection experiment and some investigations on the second intermediate host, the final host and the growing stages were also studied in both laboratory and natural habitat of Solen strictus. According to the study, it was revealed that the first intermediate hosts were Meretrix lusoria, Solen strictus, Tapes japonica and Laternula limicola, the second intermediate host was Palaemon (Exopalaemon) carinicauda and the final hosts were Konosirus punctatus and Harengula zunasi. A mature sporocyst which was found in the gonad of Solen strictus was $4.0-4.3{\times}0.2-0.21\;mm$ insize, and the cercaia with 27 pairs of setae, each seta consisting of 6 tufts, was $270{\times}147{\mu}m$ in body size and $550{\times}52{\mu}m$ in tail size. Oral sucker($52{\times}42{\mu}m$), pharynx, vental sucker and two testese were obviously seen within the cercaria. The excretory vesicles of cercaria were in V-shape and the flame cell were formula was expressed as 2[(3+3)+(3+3)]=24. The infection of cercaria in the first intermediate host, Solen strictus, was found throughout the year regardlless of the water temperature, and its mean infection rate was $9.67\%$ during the study period. The infection rate fluctuated with temperature, the highest being $28.0\%\;at\;28.0^{\circ}C$ water temperature in July and the lowest $2.4\%\;at\;19.5^{\circ}C$ in October, and it increased in proportion to the shell length on the host. But cercaria was not detected at below 4.0 cm in size of the host. Mature cercariae were found 6 months from May to October when water temperature was above $19.5^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, when water temperature was below $19.5^{\circ}C$, only immature cercariae and sporocysts were found. The cercariae were active for 35 hours and survived for 71 hours at $20^{\circ}C$, and 29 and 34 hours at $25^{\circ}C$ respectively, whereas the cercariae were inactive at less than $20^{\circ}C$ in water temperature. Cercaria, from Solen strictus, approached shrimp of 1-3 cm in body length as its second host. Then, it began to intrude in to the muscle of shrimp after 2-3 hours. The infected cercaria formed cyst after 7-8 hours, and became mature metacercaria. $420{\times}310{\mu}m$ in size, 15 days afer infection. The infection rate of metaceria to shrimp in the laboratory was highest, at $25^{\circ}C$ being $61\%$ and at $20^{\circ}C\;17%$. The infection rate of metacearia in shrimp was highest in the first abdominal segment, followed by cephalothorax, the second, and fifth abdominal segments, and in that order. Also, the infection rate of metacercaria in wild shrimp was high $9.6-11.1\%$ at $26.5^{\circ}C$ in June, and low $1.56-2.5\%$ at $28-29.5^{\circ}C$ from July to August. The infected shrimp with metacercaria was experimentally fed to Konosirus punctatus in the laboratory in order to know its final host. The metacercaria developed into the adult worm, $440-520{\times}310-360{\mu}m$ in size, within the intestine of Konosirus punctatus 20 days after infection. The adult worm was oval shape and $20-24{\times}11-20{\mu}m$ in size. The infection rate of adult worm to Konosirus punctatus and Harengula zunasi ranged 87.3 to $100\%$, the mean being $95.2\%$, regardless of the body length of their hosts. The infection rate was $100\%$ in June and July, but it decreased in September and October. The size and body structure of the trematode observed during the present study were well agreed with those ievestigated by Yamaguti(1938), thus, it may be concluded that the adult worm it identified as Bacciger harengulae.

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A TREMATODE GENUS BACCIGER PARASITIC IN BIVALVES (조개류에 기생하는 Bacciger속 흡충류에 관한 연구)

  • CHUN Seh-Kyu;KIM Young-Gill
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.173-178
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    • 1980
  • Cercaria larvae of Bacciger harengulae which is parasitic to Meretrix lusoria, rapes japonica and Solen strictus were studied in terms of their morphology and incidence of infection rate. The host bivalves were collected from Naechodo, Okgu-gun during the Period from January to November in 1980. The tail of the cercaria bears 27 pairs of tufts of setae, the tufts being composed of 6 fine rays. Oral sucker, intestine, ventral sucker and a pair of testes are distinctive. The excretory duct bears numerous granules of various size, and the flame-cell arrangement is represented by a formula 2[(3+3)+(3+3)]=24. The cercaria is somewhat similar to the previously known Cercaria pectinata . It is however conformed that present cercaria belongs to Bacciger harengulae. Infection rate showed seasonal variation and host selectivity. Higher infections were observed in Solen strictus, and lower in Meretrix lusoria. Generally, the larger bivalves over 2-3 years old showed the higher infection rate.

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The Community Ecology of Benthic Macrofauna on the Cheokjeon Tidal Flat, Incheon, Korea 2. Spatio-temporal distribution patterns of the major dominant species (인천 송도지역 척전 갯벌 대형저서동물의 군집 생태학 2. 우점종의 시ㆍ공간적인 분포양상)

  • 서인수;홍재상
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.93-105
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    • 2004
  • Spatio-temporal distribution patterns of the major dominant species were assessed from bimonthly monitoring of macrotidal flat in Cheokjeon, Incheon, Korea between September 1990 and July 1992. Overall, macrofauna comprised a total of 111 species, 25,491 inds.136 ㎡. The result of Le Bris index, dominance ranking of the lead-ing species showed that the top 15 species accounting for 74.8% (19,072 inds.) of total density. In Cheokjeon tidal flat, some species were especially habitat-restricted such as genus Nephtys (Annelids; Polychaetes) and Mac-rophthalmus (Crustaceans; Decapods). Based on the density data, the five dominant species were the polychaetes Het-eromastus filiformis, the bivalves Mactra veneriformis and Solen strictus, the brachyurans Macrophthalmus japonicus, the holothuriodeans Protankyra bidentata. The results of one-way ANOVA, mean value of H. filiformis and M. ven-eriformis did not show significant changes with tidal elevation and sediment composition (p>0.05). But, other species (S. strictus, M. japonicus and P. bidentata) showed significant variations (p<0.001). In conclusion, these indicate significant spatial fluctuation with tidal elevation and sediment characteristics in some species.

Studies on parasitic trematodes in bivalves -Variation of infection rate of Cercaria tapidis and Cercaria harengulae- (조개류에 기생하는 흡충류에 관한 연구 - Cercaria tapidis, Cercaria harengulae 의 기생율 변동)

  • Kim, Young-Gill;Lee, Keun-Kwang;Kim, Young-Jin
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 1995
  • We had reported the infection rates of trematode larvae, Cercaria tapidis and C. harengulae in the gonad tissues of Tapes philippinarum and Solen strictus in the estuary of Kum river, the west coast in Korea in 1980~1982. At the same sites from January 1994 to January 1995, we investigated the variation of the infection rates of these trematode larvae in the two clams. The results are follows. The infection rate of C. tapidis parasitized in T. philippinarum increased in 2.4 times (14.0%) higher than that (5.7%) in 1981. Monthly maxium infection rate was 32.0% in October 1994. Comparing the rate (23.3%) in December 1981, the rate in 1994 showed a higher trend than that in 1981. The mean infection rate of C. harengulae in T. philippinarum showed 2.3% in 1994. Comparing that (5%) in 1980, it showed a decreased rate than that in 1980. And monthly maximum infection infection rate of this clam was 6.7% in May 1994, compared with the rate (19.0%) in March 1980. It appeared furthermore decreased rate in 1994. The mean infection rate of the year of C. harengulae in S. strictus was 6.9% in 1994, while it was 10.2% between 1981 and 1982. It showed a decreased trend in 1994. Monthly maximum infection rate was 23.4% in August 1981, while it was 13.3% in April 1994. It showed a decreased trend in 1994 also. In case of C. tapidis the more large sizes of shell length the more infection rates were higher as same in the investigation in 1980, while in C. harengulae the smaller sizes, the more infection rates showed a higher trend.

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