• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.740-751
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• 2022

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of bird age on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) for 10-d-old Experiment (Exp. 1) and 22-d-old (Exp. 2) male broilers. This study investigated the effects of different broiler ages and feed ingredients on AID and SID of AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM). Four hundred and eighty (age = 7 d; initial body weight [BW] = 173.4 ± 12.65 g) and 192 (age = 18 d; initial BW = 772.2 ± 62.13 g) birds were allocated to three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with eight replicate cages per treatment. Two diets were formulated based on corn or SBM as the sole source of AA in the diet. A nitrogen-free diet was also formulated to measure basal endogenous losses of AA. Experimental diets were given for 3 and 4 days in Exps. 1 and 2, respectively. An interaction was observed (p < 0.05) between the age of birds and the type of ingredient for the AID of most AA, except for methionine, valine, cysteine (Cys), and tyrosine; however, the effects of age and type of ingredients were diminished in the SID of AA, except for histidine, isoleucine, leucine (Leu), phenylalanine, alanine (Ala), and glutamic acid (Glu). The AID of AA, except for Leu and Cys and the SID of AA, except for Leu, Ala, Glu, and Pro in SBM were greater (p < 0.05) than in corn. As the age of birds increased from 10 to 22 d, digestibility of all AA increased (p < 0.05), regardless of the expression of AA digestibility (i.e., AID and SID). In conclusion, the AID and SID of AA in both corn and SBM increased with increasing age, and the AID and SID of AA in SBM were greater than in corn.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2018

과거 병원은 치료만 목적으로 하여 최소한의 공용공간을 확보하여 계획되었지만, 현대 병원은 치유환경의 중요성이 높아지면서 공용공간이 늘어나고, 환자와 보호자와 의료진을 고려하여 계획된다. 또한 로비형태가 홀형에서 발전하여 스트리트형이나 컨코스형으로 계획되면서 공용면적이 증가했다. 과거병원과 다르게 접수, 대기, 수속공간에서 발전하여 현대병원은 상업,취미,문화공간으로 사용된다. 본 연구의 목적은 종합병원의 치유환경 요소를 선행연구에서 도출하여 치유환경 평가방법을 분석의 틀로 세워, 병원 로비공간의 치유환경을 로비 평면형태를 중심으로 분석, 평가한다. 병원 로비는 여러 행위가 이루어지는 중요한 공간으로, 병원 로비 평면타입별 각 3개의 사례를 비교분석한다. 연구의 결과로 스트리트형이 홀형보다 로비치유환경이 더 좋은 것으로 나타났지만 접근성, 옥상정원, 휴게공간의 분석결과는 비슷하다. 이는 사례대상이 대형종합병원이기에 충분한 공간이 계획되어 로비형태와 크게 관련 없는 요소로 사료된다. 스트리트형 중에서도 아트리움이 선형인 사례가 4면형 아트리움보다 오픈체적비가 크기에 로비의 공간감과 자연채광 유입효과가 크다. 또 로비평면이 홀형일 때, 단면이 중정형이면 오픈체적비가 큰 것을 보아 로비의 평면 형태도 중요하지만, 단면형태도 중요한 것으로 분석된다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.368-372
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• 2003

The growth and amino acid contents of the cyanobacterium, Spirulina platensis strain NIES 46, were investigated using ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, or urea as the sole nitrogen source in a batch culture. Chlorophyll a concentration was highest at 2,096$\mu\textrm{g}$/L in the nitrate group after 10days of cultivation, while the dry weight of S. platensis was highest at 4.5g/L in the ammonium group after 30days of cultivation. The total amino acid content was highest at 174mg/g dry weight of S. platensis in the urea group at the end of the cultivation period, yet the amino acid patterns for S. platensis were similar for all the experimental groups. Therefore, it seemed that the growth and amino acid composition of S. platensis varied depending on the type of nitrogen sources, while the amino acid patterns were not changed. Also, the most efficient harvesting time for S. platensis seemed to be approximately 10 days after cultivation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.315-320
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• 1996

The role of glyoxylate bypass in a lysine-producing Corynebacterium lactofermentum strain was analyzed. Unlike the wild type, the strain expressed enzymes of glyoxylate bypass during growth in the fermentation broth containing glucose as the carbon source. To evaluate the importance of glyoxylate bypass in the strain, we disrupted chromosomal aceA by using a cloned fragment of the gene. Site-specific disruption of aceA which codes for the isocitrate lyase, the first enzyme of the bypass, was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The aceA mutant strain completely lost isocitrate lyase activity and ability to grow in a minimal medium containing acetate as the sole carbon source. The mutant strain was similar to its parental strain in growth characteristics and produced comparable amounts of lysine in shake flasks containing glucose as the carbon source. The amount of oxaloacetate accumulated in the fermentation medium was similar for both strains, suggesting that expression of glyoxylate bypass does not necessarily lead to the increase in intracellular oxaloacetate. These data clearly demonstrate that glyoxylate bypass does not function as one of the routes of carbon supply for lysine production in the strain. It appears that the leakiness of the glyoxylate bypass in the strain might be the result of a secondary mutation which arose during previous strain development by random mutagenesis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2009

Caenorhabditis elegans is a free living soil nematode and thus in its natural habitat, C. elegans encounters many different species of soil bacteria. Although some soil bacteria may be excellent sources of nutrition for the worm, others may be pathogenic. Thus, we undertook a study to understand how C. elegans can identify their preferred food using a simple behavioral assay. We found that there are various species of soil bacteria that C. elegans prefers in comparison to the standard laboratory E. coli strain OP50. In particular, two bacterial strains, Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus soli, were preferred strains. Interestingly, the sole feeding of these bacteria to wild type animals results in extended lifespan through the activation of the autophagic process. Further studies will be required to understand the precise mechanism controlling the behavior of identification and selection of food in C. elegans.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the wearing pattern and design preference of shoes for men, and to develop the possibility and strategy of the shoes market for the shoes marketers and manufacturers. In this study, the data obtained from 285 respondents were analyzed by the descriptive statistics. The results from the data were as follows : The most frequent brand among the 45 shoes brand by 285 respondents described in free style was 'Esquire'. The 268 respondents possessed two shoes or more, the most frequent shoes' color was black, and the most preferred brand was 'Kumkang'. The 195 respondents indicated the discomfort of ready-made shoes, The 198 respondents discarded their shoes 'on the reason of worn-out', the 98 respondents indicated that the most important thing in the purchasing point was 'the comfort of shoes' The respondents preferred shoes with 'slip-on type', 'cow leather', 'semi-rounded toe', 'no-metal ornaments', 'moccasin tip', 'leather-sole', and '3cm heel'. Finally, this study proposed that the best strategy for shoes marketers and manufacturers was to upgrade the comfort of shoes by design(line) and the material with functional textures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.967-971
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• 2004

The kinetics of sulfite uptake were examined in a wild-type laboratory strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine if carrier-mediated sulfite uptake involved a proton symport, as previous studies on sulfite uptake have suggested both an active process and facilitated diffusion. Accumulation of intracellular sulfite was initially rapid and linear up to 50 sec. Uptake was saturable at final concentrations equal to or greater than 3 mM sulfite, and increased 2-fold in the presence of 2% glucose. Uptake was significantly reduced in cells pretreated with 100-500 $\mu$M carbonyl cyanide mchlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) or 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), both of which dissipate proton gradients. Uptake was also significantly inhibited in the presence of 1 mM arsenate, an inhibitor of ATP synthesis. Extracellular alkalization was observed in cells incubated with 1-2 mM sulfite in a weak tartrate buffer at pH 3.5 and 4.5. These findings suggest that the bisulfite ion, $HSO_3^-$, an anionic form of sulfite, is taken up by a carrier-mediated proton symport. A met16 sull sul2 mutant, impaired in both sulfite formation and sulfate uptake, was found able to grow on a medium with sulfite as the sole Sulfur source, indicating that the sulfate transporters Sul1p and Sul2p are not required for sulfite uptake.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2007

Polaromonas naphthalenivorans CJ2, responsible for naphthalene degradation at a coal tar contaminated site, was isolated on MSB agar media supplied with naphthalene vapor as the sole carbon source at $10^{\circ}C$. The strain is not isolated under the same isolation condition using the same soil sediment at $20^{\circ}C$ although its optimum temperature is about $20^{\circ}C$. In this work we explored the reason why strain CJ2 could not have been isolated on MSB agar with naphthalene vapor at $20^{\circ}C$. Dispersed CJ2 cells in PBS buffer formed colonies on MSB agar with naphthalene vapor at $10^{\circ}C$ with low naphthalene vapor pressure, but not at $20^{\circ}C$ with high naphthalene vapor pressure. However, streaked cells without resuspension grew on MSB agar with naphthalene vapor at $10^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C$, and even $25^{\circ}C$. Investigation of scanning electron microscopy showed that CJ2 cells formed extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) capsules, which were released easily from CJ2 cells by just dispersion. Therefore, it is concluded that strain CJ2 is able to overcome the naphthalene toxicity by forming a capsule-type barrier around the cells although it is susceptible to naphthalene toxicity at high temperature.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2001

태양의 극자외선 복사를 연구하기 위한 인공위성 탑재용 소형 극자외선 태양망원경의 공학 모형을 설계하였다. 극자외선 태양망원경은 $584.3AA$(He I)과 $629.7AA$(OV)의 두 파장대역에서 태양을 관측하기 위한 목적으로 설계되었다. 광학계는 Ritchey-Chr 샤두 방식이고, 망원경의 유효구경과 유효 초점 거리는 각각 80mm, 640mm이다. 회전 필터 휠을 사용하여 He I과 OV 방출선을 관측할 수 있도록 하였다. 검출기의 MCP (Microchannel Plate)는 채널 길이 대 직경의 비가 40:1인 Z-stack 타입이고, photocathode로서 KBr이 MCP 초점면에 코팅되며, MCP와 CCD는 fiber optic taper로 연결되도록 디자인하였다. 광학계 설계에 대한 분석은 광학계산용 상용 소프트웨어를 이용하였다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare and biomechanical evaluate the effects of three varying functional insoles on the kinematics of the lower extremities and foot pressure distribution during gait. For this 12 subjects participated in this study and each worn the 3 functional insoles during gait which kinematics, kinetics, electromyography and foot pressures were recorded. The function on the first insole was to absorb shock and increase the dynamic stability, the second was a gel type to absorb shock, and the third was to massage the center regions of the foot sole. the results were as follows; the first insole reduced the joints range of motion and reduced muscular fatigue, the second insole reduce the maximum, total and average foot pressures. Finally, the third insole produced larger values for the contact times and contact area.