• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.25-34
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• 2019

It is important to design windows in a reasonable way considering the performance characteristics of the elements of the window rather than just to increase the thermal energy performance of the window. In this study, the Heat-transfer Coefficient as insulation performance of the windows and together with the grade of the glass's SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) were analyzed to relate to the energy efficiency performance of the building by azimuth angle. Based on this basic study, the Heat-transfer Coefficient of windows and the SHGC rating of glass were applied to the unit plan of apartment building, and the Heating and Cooling Demand were analyzed by azimuth angle. Apartment plan types were divided into 2 types of Non-extension and extension of balcony. The designPH analysis data derived from the variant of the Heat-transfer Coefficient and SHGC, were put into PHPP(Passive House Planning Package) to analyze precisely the energy efficiency(Heating and Cooling Demands) of the building by azimuth angle. In addition, assuming the 'ㅁ' shape layout, energy efficiency performance and potential of PV Panel installation also were analyzed by floors and azimuth angle, reflecting the shading effects by surrounding buildings. As the results of the study, the effect of Heat Gain by SHGC was greater than Heat Loss due to the Heat-transfer Coefficient. So it is more effective to increase SHGC to satisfy the same Heating Demand, and increasing SHGC made possible to design windows with low Heat-transfer Coefficient. It was also revealed that the difference in annual Heating and Cooling Demands between the low, mid and high floor households is significantly high. In addition to it, the installation of PV Panel in the form of a shading canopy over the window reduces the Cooling Load while at the same time producing electricity, and also confirmed that absolute thermal energy efficiency could not be maximized without controlling the thermal bridge and ventilation problems as important heat loss factors.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.89-94
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• 2010

A large portion of the energy cost of a building is cooling and heating to maintain a comfortable indoor environment. Air conditioning is now one of the important parts in the building design, as increase in energy consumption and pollutant emission in energy conversion process. In this study, elements that affects the energy consumption of model building are identified and the perfomance analysis of the alternative a Low Energy Cooling Systems considering characteristics of model building and energy saving performance is analyzed. In this study, elements that affect the energy consumption of office building are identified and energy saving performance of the alternative air conditioning system is analyzed. As a result, applied to earn and suggest basic data for energy saving measures. In this study, EnergyPlus simulation program was used to evaluate the energy load when alternative Low Energy Cooling Systems are applied to the model building. The reliability of simulation program is verified by comparing actual energy load from operation data of building management office and predicted energy load using simulation program. For Low Energy Cooling System application which considers the purpose and characteristics of the building, reasonable and energy-saving air conditioning method obtained by analyzing energy consumption elements for each expected air conditioning methods is used to deduct result of this study.

• Solar Energy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 1985

A solar hot water storage tank was designed and constructed to examine the heat exchange performances on load side for the solar thermal storage in a single loop solar water heating system. In the tank helically coiled tube was immersed. The hot water was circulated from either top or bottom. The circulation flow rate was varied from 500 ml/min to 20,000 ml/min. The effect of flow rate was observed. The thermal performances according to the flow rate and flow direction were examined. The temperature distributions in the tank and inside of the tubes were plotted along the process of cooling.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.564-574
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• 2009

The study is conducted to study a new, optimum and new and renewable energy application method that can cover the minimum energy and operation costs within a range of school budgets. By deriving the optimum application method, it is expected to maximize the cooling/heating and hot water supply energy saving efficiencies for educational facilities. Therefore, this research implemented a study on the new and renewable energy utilization technique diffusion expansion method and the optimum method. As a result, the first optimum plan was introduced with the multi-type geothermal heat pump 475.6 kW+highly efficient electronic cooling/heating device(EHP) 545.2 kW. On the other hand, the second optimum plan was induced as the multi-type geothermal heat pump 261kW+solar heat collector $240\;m^2$+highly efficient electronic cooling/heating device(EHP) 759.8 kW.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.212-217
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• 2014

Recently, the use of renewable energy has been increased due to growing concern on the energy-saving at buildings and the reduction of $CO_2$ emission. In the field of architecture, to reduce the energy consumption of heating, cooling and hot water supply, heat pump systems with renewable energy has been developed and used in various applications. However, there have been many of researches on the large-scale commercial heat pump systems, but the research and the field application of a compact heat pump system is rare. Therefore, in order to develop the compact heat pump for the small-scale residential building, this study conducted the performance test and feasibility study for a hybrid heat pump using the heat source of air, solar and ground. In the results of experiments through a trial product, the average COP of cooling mode with ground heat source was 4.75, and it of heating mode was 4.03. Furthermore, the average COP of cooling mode with air heat source was 2.60, and it of heating mode was 2.92. Finally, payback period of the system was calculated as 9.2 years.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.104-117
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• 1998

Rising concern about climate change has evoked interest in the potential for urban vegetation to help reduce the level of atmospheric CO\sub 2\, a major heat-trapping gas. This study quantified the functio of home energy savings and carbon emission reduction by shading, evapotranspiration and windspeed reduction of urban vegetatioin in Chuncheon. Tree and shrub cover averaged approximately 13% in residential land. The effects of shading, evapotranspiration and windspeed reduction annually saved heating energy by 2.2% and cooling energy by 8.8%. The heating and cooling energy savings reduced carbon emissions by 3.0% annually. These avoided emissions equaled the amount of carbon emitted annually from fossil fuel consumption by a population of about 1,230. Carbon emission reduction per residential building was 55kg for detached buildings and 872 kg for multifamily buildings. Urban vegetation annually decreased heating and cooling energy cost by ￦1.1 billions, which were equivalent to annual savings of ￦10,000 savings and carbon emission reduction due to tree plantings in the wrong locations, while windspeed reduction had a great effect. Plantings fo large trees close to the west and east wall of buildings, full tree plantings on the north, and avoidance of shade-tree plantings or selection of solar-friendlytrees on the south were recommended to improve the function of building energy savings and carbon emission reduction by urban vegetation.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.960-968
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• 2004

One of the most important functions of a building is to provide thermally comfortable indoor environmental conditions for the occupants. Therefore, a great deal of energy is consumed for heating and cooling to satisfy those thermal requirements. In order to provide thermal comfort with minimum heating and cooling energy consumption, optimal design of building affecting indoor climate is required. This study used the TRNSYS for modeling and simulation of the energy flows of residential building types, and examined the energy efficient measures to reduce the thermal loads. The residential building types are classified into the detached house, apartment house and high-rise residential complex. The results of the simulation show that the heating energy consumption in the detached house is especially high, whereas the cooling load is an important determinant in the apartment house and high-rise residential complex. The measures examined are the insulation thickness, various types of glazing, infiltration, natural and controlled ventilation, solar shading, orientation and etc. Comparative evaluations and sensitivity analyses revealed the effects of these variables and identified their energy efficient building design strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.138-145
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• 2012

Because of the climate changes and the development of building technologies, the cooling loads have been increased. Among the various renewable energies, geothermal energy is known as very useful and stable energy for heating and cooling of building. This study proposes a road snow-melting system of which heat is supplied from GSHP(Ground source heat pump) in viewpoint of the initial investment and annual running performance, which is also operating as a main facility of heating and cooling for common spaces. The results of this study is as followings. From the site measurement, it is found out that the road surface temperature above the geothermal heating pipe rose up to $5^{\circ}C$, which is the design temperature of road snow-melting, after 2 hours' operation and average COP(Coefficient of performance) was estimated as 3.5. The reliability of CFD has confirmed, because the temperature difference between results of CFD analysis and site measurement is only ${\pm}0.4^{\circ}C$ and the trend of temperature variation is quite similar. CFD analysis on the effect of pavement materials clearly show that more than 2 hours is needed for snow-melting, if the road is paved by ascon or concrete. But the road paved by brick is not reached to $5^{\circ}C$ at all. To evaluate the feasibility of snow-melting system operated by a geothermal circulation which has not GSHP, the surface temperature of concrete-paved road rise up to $0^{\circ}C$ after 2 hour and 40 minutes, and it does never increase to $5^{\circ}C$. And the roads paved by ascon and brick is maintained as below $0^{\circ}C$ after 12 hours geothermal circulation.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.69-75
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• 2005

The PV-Solarwall system has been introduced as a promising alternative to harness solar energy for both heating applications and electricity generation simultaneously. The system comprises a PV solar panel(for electricity generation). In addition, the solarwall incorporates a fan strategically located behind the PV panel to bring the warm and fresh air from the solarwall into the room. Because of its location and convective cooling principle, the fan also serves to reduce the operating temperature of the PV panel thereby increasing its efficiency. So this PV-Solarwall system holds much promise for saving heating and electricity costs compared with a PV system without solarwall. In particular, by controlling the tilt angle of the entire PV-Solarwall system between $0^{\circ}$(horizontal) and $90^{\circ}$(vertical), the performance of the system can be further evaluated. It is expected that the range of tilt angle PV-Solarwall between $40^{\circ}$ and $50^{\circ}$ will improve the output of the system.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.42-49
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• 2012

In this article, the author carried out a theoretical study on the application techniques of a new Combined Passive Solar System (hereinafter referred to as the CPSS) of direct gain and trombe walls to get quick morning heating and to prevent afternoon overheating for office building. The numerical model proposed in this study can be used for the performance analysis of the CPSS in the winter and summer. Heating and Cooling loads are analysed for building energy consumption reduction using this numerical model. The results indicate that CPSS in the winter and summer modes could provide profitable conditions for improvement of indoor thermal comfort control and energy saving. consequently, the application of CPSS will not lead to significant reductions in the auxiliary air conditioning demand but also realize the environmentally friendly building.