• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2011

This study was carried out to develop salt tolerant varities of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) which can be grown in the high salty reclaimed land. The seeds of three varieties 'Naehan', 'Tammi', and 'Halla' were treated by proton ion beams and gamma rays with 0 to 2,000 Gy. For the selection of salt tolerant lines, emergence and survival rate, and growth characteristics of $M_2$ to $M_4$ generations were investigated in the Saemangeum reclaimed fields with the different salt concentrations. The lines with potential salt tolerance were selected in the $M_4$ generation and tested indoor for their growth characteristics. There was no significant changes in the soil pH for $M_4$ generation during growth period. However, soil EC was higher in early spring than sowing period (mid October). In $M_4$ generation test, the seeds of original and selected line showed high rates of emergence and survival, as determined one month after sowing. After wintering, however, the original varieties showed the significant reduction in the survival rate, while the selected lines showed a higher survival rate and good growth, leading to the completion of their life cycle. Consequently we selected 9 lines from $M_4$ generation with better performance in growth and yield. Soil EC was $2.8{\sim}4.3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ during $M_4$ generation growth period. The laboratory test of the lines selected from $M_4$ generation was made for their salt tolerance potential. The selected lines showed higher chlorophyll and proline contents than the original varieties. There was also no significant difference in the emergence rate of seed between the original and selected varieties. In 200 mM natural sea salt, the $N{\gamma}600-21-1-641$ line derived from 'Naehan' was the highest in growth rate, leaf chlorophyll and proline contents. $T{\gamma}800-20-2-461$ line derived from 'Tammi' didn't show significant difference in growth rate compared to original variety in 200 mM and withered in 250 mM like other lines as time passed. $H{\gamma}200-7-1-740$ line showed similar growth and chlorophyll content compared to its original variety.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2002

본 연구는 가축분 퇴비시용에 따른 토양중 양분행동 양상을 구명하기 위하여 직경 30 cm 높이 1 m의 PVC pot에 화산회 토양과 비화산회 토양을 충진하고 표토 20 cm 깊이로 우분 부숙퇴비, 돈분 부숙퇴비 및 계분 부숙퇴비를 0, 50, 100, 150 ton/ha 해당량을 시용한 후 210일차에 토양을 분석하여 가축분 퇴비 처리에 따른 토양의 EC와 질산태질소 함량 및 유효인산의 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 가축분 부숙퇴비의 시용은 토양중 EC를 증가 시켰는데 계분 부숙퇴비는 시용량이 증가할수록 현저하게 증가하였다. 2. 가축분 퇴비의 시용에 따른 질산태질소의 함량 증가량은 계분 부숙퇴비는 시용량이 증가함에 따라 현저하게 증가한 반면 우분 부숙퇴비 및 돈분 부숙퇴비는 완만하게 증가하였다. 3. 유효인산의 함량변화는 화산회 토양의 경우 가축분 퇴비의 시용량이 증가하여도 인산 함량의 변화는 거의 없었으나 비화산회 밭 토양의 경우는 가축분 퇴비의 시용으로 인산함량이 증가하였는데 특히 계분 부숙퇴비는 시용량이 증가함에 따라 현저하게 증가하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 1983

Seasonal changes of the soil nutrient contents and aboveground biomass, relationship between the soil nutrients and the productivity, and the net efficiencies of solar energy conversion were studied in two reeed communities (Phragmites communis Trin.) at the salt marsh in the estuary of the Sumjin-River from April 30 to October 9, 1981. The inorganic nutrients such as exchangeable sodium and potassium of soil were decreased during growing season. The amounts of organic matter, exchangeable sodium and potassium, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus in stand $\prod$ were much more than those of stand $\coprod$ . Productivity of Phragmites communis was positively correlated with the soil nutrients such as available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium and total nitrogen. The maximum dry matter productions of the aboveground parts in stand $\prod$ stand $\coprod$ were $ 1, 120g/m^2; and; 843g/m^2$ in August, and the net coversion efficiencies of PhAR based on growing season (April to September) were 1.77% and 1.33%, respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2007

본 연구는 간척지 친환경농업 기반조성을 위하여 신간척지 토양개량을 위한 내염성 식물 활용성을 평가하고자 국내외에서 내염성 식물 18종을 수집하여 시험을 수행하였다. 신간척지 토양에서 파종된 식물의 출현율은 FL478(벼)>Barnyard grass>Pokkali>Atriplex>Sesbania>Rumex>Alfalfa>Tall Fescue>Ryegrass>Sudan grass의 순이었다. 신간척지 토양에서 생육후기까지 생육이 가능한 식물은 Limonium, Atriplex, Barnyard grass 및 Sesbania 등 4종이었다. Barnyard grass의 생체중은 $1.21kg\;m^{-2}$, 건물중은 $0.48kg\;m^{-2}$이었다. Sesbania의 생체중은 $1.55kg\;m^{-2}$, 건물중은 $0.68kg\;m^{-2}$로 가장 많았으며, Atriplex의 생체중은 $1.04kg\;m^{-2}$, 건물중은 $0.42kg\;m^{-2}$이었다. 그리고 Limonium의 생체중은 $1.04kg\;m^{-2}$, 건물중은 $0.32kg\;m^{-2}$이었다. Sesbania와 Barnyard grass를 시용한 결과 인산함량은 시험전 $62.5g\;kg^{-1}$에 비하여 각각 $76.1g\;kg^{-1}$, $78.1g\;kg^{-1}$으로 증가하였다. 유기물함량은 시험 전 토양이 $2.65g\;kg^{-1}$이었지만 내염성 식물을 시용함으로서 $2.81{\sim}4.60g\;kg^{-1}$으로 증가하였다. 녹비 시용 전 토양 용적밀도는 $1.42Mg\;m^{-3}$이었으나 Sesbania와 Barnyard grass를 시용한 토양의 용적밀도는 $1.39Mg\;m^{-3}$로 낮아졌다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.60-71
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• 2008

Through analyzing the specific physicochemical alterations in depth-based soil at reclaimed dredging area, the baseline data were provided for developing the reclaimed dredging area as natural landscape planting sites and ecological-landscape sites based on the soil improvement technology. There was no physical disturbance for 15 to 20 years in Gwangyang Bay reclaimed dredging area after reclamation. Physicochemical examinations of the soil were performed based on the vertical depth. Results of physicochemical analysis such as pH, electric conductivity, total salt contents, silt, clay contents, available phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chlorine, and sodium-adsorption ratio showed increasing patterns with the depth while total organic contents, total nitrogen, and sand showed decreasing patterns. Potassium as an exchangeable cation, showed similar distribution patterns between the shallow and deep soil. This result strongly implied that long-term exposure to natural rainfall in reclaimed dredging area altered soil characteristics related to salinity. This research demonstrated that there were no remarkable differences in physicochemical characteristics at soil depth and groundwater table height, suggesting a baseline data for developing reclaimed dredging area. Additional investigation is required for different reclaimed dredging areas. Also, additional monitoring and examination are need on plant communities and time variable alteration in the soil to test the feasibility of reclaimed dredging areas as natural landscape planting sites and ecological-landscape sites.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.20-23
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• 2016

Background: The structures and soil factors of Suaeda glauca-Suaeda japonica zonal communities and Phragmites australis-S. japonica zonal communities were studied in salt marshes of west and south coasts of South Korea to provide basic data for coastal wetland conservation and restoration. Results: S. glauca community mean length was 67 m and S. japonica community mean length was 567 m in zonal communities, and P. australis and S. japonica community mean length were 57 m and 191 m in zonal communities. Regarding the electrical conductivity, sodium content, and clay contents in Upnae-ri, Shinan-gun, there were significant differences among zonal communities at significance level of 0.05 for two-sided t test. However, other factors were not significantly different. Conclusions: The results indicate that multiple factors such as electronic conductivity, total nitrogen level, clay, and sodium might play important roles in the formation of zonal plant communities of salt marshes.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2006

This research was conducted to determine the plant growth and nutrient contents of potted chrysanthemum 'Lima Honey' as influenced by application rate of fused superphosphate (FSSP) in three root media, peatmoss+vermiculite (1:1, v/v; PV), peatmoss+composted rice hall (1:1, v/v; PR), and peatmoss+composted pine bark (1:1, v/v; PB). All root media contained polyacrylic acid sodium salt at a rate of $4.5g L^{-1}$. The treatment of $1.4g L^{-1}$ in PV and those of $0.7g L^{-1}$ in PR and PB had the greatest fresh and dry weights in each root medium at both 43 and 80 days after transplanting. Elevated application rates of FSPP increased tissue contents of N, P, and K at both 43 and 80 days after transplanting in PV medium. However, the differences in tissue contents of N, P and K in PR medium were less significant among treatments of FSPP. The pre-planting FSPP also less affected the tissue contents of nutrients at 80 days after transplanting as compared to those at 43 days after transplanting. Elevated application rates of FSPP in PV medium increased EC and the concentrations of $NO_3,\;P_2O_5$, K, Ca, and Mg in soil solution of root media at 43 days after transplanting. The EC in PV medium at 80 days after transplanting was higher than that at 43 days after transplanting. The EC in all root media at 80 days after transplanting was not different among treatments of FSPP.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.53-71
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• 1983

Physicochemical properties of soil, mineral cyclings, production of plants, and relationship between sodium(Na) content and progresses of plant communities were studied in a coastal salt marsh in Incheon. Contents of Na, available phosphorus(A-P) and value of electric conductivity of soil decreased in order of Salicornia herbacea, Limonium tetragonum, Phragmites communis and Zoysia sinica communities, but contents of organic matter, total nitrogen(T-N) and calcium(Ca) of soil were vice versa. Specise diversity index decreased with increase of Na content of soil with correlation coefficient of -0.82. The aboveground biomass of plant communities were 2,981 g.dw/$m^2$ in P. communis, 1,471 g.dw/$m^2$ in Z. sinica, 189g.dw/$m^2$ in S. herbacea and 71 g.dw/$m^2$ L. tetragonum, respectively. Seasonal changes of contents of inorganic nutrients per unit land area coincided with those of biomass of plant communities, however, the maximum contents of K occured earlier than the maximum biomass. Amounts of inorganic nutrients absorbed by plant were directly proportion to its biomass and it was true to reverse in restored amounts of them to soil. In turnover times of nutrients of the communities, it took the shortest time for P but the longest for Ca and P. communis community took the shortest but L. tetragonum the longest. For example, in P. communis turover time of P took one year and that of Na 1,440 years. Lack of P element, therefore, was expected in this study area.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: During the off-season, the cultivation of Chinese cabbage and water dropwort is often used to desalinize plastic film house soils. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of double-cropping systems on the salt removal in oriental melon cultivated plastic film house soils.METHODS AND RESULTS: Electrical conductivity (EC) and soluble salt contents were measured in soils collected from plastic film houses of oriental melon cultivation before and after the off-season crop cultivation. Also the same measurements were performed in the next oriental melon season to estimate the desalinization effect of double-cropping systems. During the cultivation of Chinese cabbage under open-field condition, EC_eof surface soil was reduced from 6.0 to 0.8 dS/m. Double-cropping of water dropwort in flooded soil was also efficient in removing the salts accumulated during oriental melon cultivation. In the house soils where salts were removed during the off-season crop cultivation, soil EC_ewas maintained below 3 dS/m during the next oriental melon cultivation season.CONCLUSION: The off-season cropping under open-field or flooded condition was effective in desalinization of plastic film house soils. Since the salt removal effect is not expected to last for several years, the double-cropping system should be introduced every season to maintain soil EC below the critical level.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.631-639
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• 2011

This research was conducted to investigate potential use of New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonoides) as a new vegetable crop which will be cultivating in salt-affected soils including reclaimed land. Traditionally New Zealand spinach has been studied to explore functional compound or salt removing potential. To cultivate the crop species in the salt-affected soil widely, it is essential to obtain salt and soil texture responses under the controlled environment. Fifty nine New Zealand spinach ecotypes native to Korean peninsula first collected over seashore areas, and primitive habitat soil environment was evaluated by analyzing soil chemical properties from 32 locations. Different textures of sandy, silt loam, and sandy loam soils were prepared from nearby sources of sea shore, upland and paddy soils, respectively. Target salinity levels of 16.0 dS/m, 27.5 dS/m, 39.9 dS/m, and 52.4 dS/m in electrical conductivity (ECw) were achieved by diluting of 25, 50, 75, 100% (v/v) sea water to tap water (control, 0.6 dS/m), respectively. Various measurements responding to soil texture and irrigation salinity included plant height, root length, fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), leaf parameters (leaf number, leaf length, leaf width), lateral branching, and inorganic ion content. was found to adapt to diverse habitats ranging various soil chemical properties including soil pH, organic matter, exchangeable bases, EC, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in Korea. Responding to soil texture, New Zealand spinach grew better in silt loam and sandy loam soil than in sandy soil. Higher yield (FW and DW) seemed to be associated with branch number (r=0.99 and 0.99, respectively), followed by plant height (r=0.94 and 0.97, respectively) and leaf number (r=0.89 and 0.84, respectively). Plant height, FW, and DW of the New Zealand spinach accessions were decreased with increasing irrigation salinity, while root length was not significantly different compared to control. Based on previous report, more narrow spectrum of salinity range (up to 16 dS/m) needs to be further studied in order to obtain more accurate salinity responses of the plant. As expected, leaf Na content was increased significantly with increasing salinity, while K and Ca contents decreased. Growth responses to soil texture and irrigation salinity implied the potential use of New Zealand spinach as a leafy vegetable in salt-affected soil constructed with silt loam or sandy loam soils.