• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1991

자동차(自動車) 배기(排氣)가수에 포함(包含)된 연화합물(鉛化合物)의 배출(排出)에 의하여 오염(汚染)이 되었을 것으로 예상(豫想)되는 대구직할시(大邱直轄市)를 중심(中心)으로 경상북도(慶尙北道) 내(內)의 고속도로(高速道路) 및 주요국도변(主要國道邊)에 인접(隣接)한 18개(個) 지점(地點)을 선정(選定)하여 도로(道路)로부터 거리(距離)에 따른 답토양(畓土壤)에서 연오염도(鉛汚染度) 및 토양중(土壤中) 연화합물(鉛化合物)을 $KNO_3$침출성(浸出性)(치환태(置換態)), $Na_4P_2O_7$ 침출성(浸出性)(유기태(有機態)), EDTA 침출성(浸出性)(탄산태(炭酸態)) $NHO_3$ 침출성(浸出性)(황산태(黃酸態)), 비침출성(非浸出性)(부용태(不溶態))로 형태별(形態別) 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 답토양중(畓土壤中) 평균(平均) 연함량(鉛含量)은 청도(淸道)에서 30.0 ppm으로 가장 높았고 고령(高靈)에서 14.8 ppm으로 가장 낮았으며 평균(平均) 21.9 ppm 으로 나타났으며, 교통량(交通量)과 관련(關聯)하여 토양중(土壤中) 연함량(鉛含量)은 차이(差異)를 발견(發見)할 수 없었으나 도로(道路)의 개통년도(開通年度)에 따라 약간의 차이(差異)를 나타났다. 2. 도로(道路)로부터의 거리(距離)에 따른 연함량(鉛含量)은 10m 이내(以內)에서 22.2 ppm, 10∼30m에서 22.1 ppm, 30∼50m에서 22.2 ppm, 50m 이상(以上) 지역(地域)에서 21.3 ppm으로 도로(道路)로부터 거리(距離)에 따른 답토양중(畓土壤中)의 연오염도(鉛汚染度)는 크게 차이(差異) 나지 않았다. 3. 토양중(土壤中) 연화합물(鉛化合物)을 형태별(形態別)로 분별(分別) 추출(抽出)한 결과(結果) 여러 가지 토양특성(土壤特性)에 따라 차이(差異)가 심(深)하나 18개(個) 지점(地點)에서 평균(平均)한 연화합물(鉛化合物)의 화학적(化學的) 형태별(形態別) 분포비(分布比)는 유기태(有機態) 33.6%, 탄산태(炭酸態) 29.8%, 황산태(黃酸態) 21.5%, 치환태(置換態) 8.6% 및 부용태(不溶態) 6.7%의 순(順)으로 나타났다. 4. 토양중(土壤中) 유기물함량(有機物含量)이 증가(增加)할수록 유기태(有機態) 연(鉛)의 분포비(分布比)는 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타낸 반면 치환태(置換態) 연(鉛)의 분포비(分布比)는 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 5. CEC가 증가(增加)할수록 유기태(有機態)의 연(鉛)의 분포비(分布比)는 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타낸 반면 치환태(置換態) 연의(鉛) 분포비(分布比)는 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었으며, CEC에 의(依)한 토양중(土壤中) 연화합물(鉛化合物)의 화학적(化學的) 형태별(形態別) 분포비(分布比)는 유기물(有機物)에 의(依)한 분포비(分布比)와 비슷한 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: The reclaimed lands for agricultural use managed by the Korean government is consisted of 17,145 hectares of lands under construction and 13,384 hectares of completed lands. In order to utilize these reclaimed lands as competitive agricultural complexes, the government is preparing to develop comprehensive development plans for multiple purposes. For rational land-use planning and soil management, information of the soil chemical properties is necessary. METHODS AND RESULTS: From 2013 to 2016, soil samples were collected from 85 representative sampling sites of the reclaimed lands and analyzed for soil chemical properties including electric conductivity (EC), pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and nutrients. The annual mean soil EC ranged from 5.1 to 8.3 dS m^-1 and have continued to decrease over the years (estimation equation with EC as dependent and year as independent variable was y =0.0736x² - 1.4985x + 9.8305, R² = 0.9753). The pH ranged from 7.3 to 7.6, which was higher than the optimum range (5.5~7.0) for agricultural soils. Soil organic matter (8 to 11 g kg^-1) was lower level than the optimum range (20~30 kg^-1). Available silicate (Av.SiO₂) ranged from 169 to 229 mg kg^-1, which was close to the minimum content (≥157 mg kg^-1) for rice paddy field. Available phosphate (Av.P₂O₅) content (24~39 mg kg^-1) was lower than the optimum range (80~120 mg kg^-1) for rice paddy field. CONCLUSION: For efficient agricultural use of reclaimed lands under government management, our results suggest that the application of organic matter and supplying deficient nutrients as well as desalinization is required.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2003

국내 3대 절화류중 하나인 장미의 시설재배지 토양 화학적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 전국 72개 절화 장미 시설 재배 농가를 대상으로 본 조사을 수행하였다. 조사지역의 평균 토성분포는 양토 43%, 미사질식양토 19%, 식양토 17%를 차지하였으며, 표토의 평균 양분함량은 pH 5.85, 전기 전도도 $3.61dS\;m^{-1}$, 유기물 함량 $37g\;kg^{-1}$, 질산태 질소 $205mg\;kg^{-1}$, 유효인산 $844mg\;kg^{-1}$, 그리고 교환성 칼륨 $1.41cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$이었다. 유효인산과 교환성 칼륨은 조사지역의 70% 이상이 적정 수준 이상이었으며, 토양양분함량 중 유기물 함량은 레드 산드라 품종의 절화장과 정의 상관관계를 보였으나 전기 전도도와는 부의 상관관계를 보였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.225-241
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• 2007

A closed flux chamber system was used for measuring major greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from tideland and/or wetland soils in estuarine area at Saemankum, Kunsan in southwestern Korea during from months of February to June 2006. Hourly averaged GHG soil emissions were measured two to three times a day during the ebb tide hours only. Site soils were analyzed for soil parameters (temperature, pH, total organic contents, N and C contents in soil) in the laboratory. Soil GHG fluxes were calculated based on the GHG concentration rate of change measured inside a closed chamber The analysis of GHG was conducted by using a Gas Chromatography (equipped with ECD/FID) at laboratory. Changes of daily, monthly GHGs' fluxes were examined. The relationships between the GHG emissions and soil chemical contents were also scrutinized with respect to gas production and consumption mechanism in the soil. Soil pH was pH $7.47{\pm}0.49$ in average over the experimental period. Organic matter contents in sample soil was $6.64{\pm}4.98\;g/kg$, and it shows relatively lower contents than those in agricultural soils in Kunsan area. Resulting from the soil chemistry data, soil nitrogen contents seem to affect GHG emission from the tidal land surface. The tidal soil was found to be either source or sink for the major GHG during the experimental periods. The annual average of $CH_{4}\;and\;CO_{2}$ fluxes were $0.13{\pm}0.86\;mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}\;and\;5.83{\pm}138.73\;mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, respectively, which will be as a source of these gases. However, $N_{2}O$ emission showed in negative flux, and the value was $-0.02{\pm}0.66\;mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, and it implies tidal land surface act as a sink of $N_{2}O$. Over the experimental period, the absolute values of gas fluxes increased with soil temperature in general. Averages of the ambient gas concentration were $86.8{\pm}6.\;ppm$ in $CO_{2},\;1.63{\pm}0.34\;ppm\;in\;CH_{4},\;and\;0.59{\pm}0.15\;ppm\;in\;N_{2}O$, respectively. Generally, under the presence of gas emission from agricultural soils, decrease of gas emission will be observed as increase in ambient gas concentration. We, however, could not found significant correlation between the ambient concentrations and their emissions over the experimental period. There was no GHG compensation points existed in tide flat soil.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2001

pH($H_2O$), pH(KCI), CEC(cation exchange capacity), O.M.(organic matter) and exchangeable cations(K, Na, Ca, Mg) of paddy soil, upland soil and forest soil in Kumi city were investigated for the purpose of knowing soil acidification and the correlation between soil acidification and leaching of inorganic salts. The mean pH($H_2O$) values of paddy soil were 5.23(surface soil) and 5.69(subsoil) and 4.74(subsoil). The were 6.37(surface soil) and 6.11(subsoil), and those of forest soil were 4.67(surface soil) and 4.74(subsoil). The mean pH(KCl) values of paddy soil were 4.59(surface soil) and 4.98(subsoil) were 5.48(surface soil) and 5.04(subsoil), and those of forest soil were 3.82(surface soil) and 3.89(subsoil). The acidification of forest soil was more rapid than that of paddy soil and upland soil/ The total mean amounts of exchangeable cations(K, Na, Ca, Mg) in paddy soils were 6.14me/100g(surface soil) and 5.64me/100g(subsoil), and those in upland soils were 6.86me/100g(surface soil) and 6.65me/100g(subsoil), and those in forest soils were 4.06me/100g(surface soil) and 3.34me/100g(subsoil). The contents of inorganic salts in forest soil were much less than those of paddy soil and upland soil. The correlation coefficients(r) between pH($H_2O$) values and the total amounts of exchangeable cations in soils were $0.6635^{**}$(surface soil) and $0.6946^{**}$(subsoil), and those between pH(KCl) values and exchangeable cations in soils were 0.6629(surface soil) and $0.5675^{**}$(subsoil). The correlation between soil acidification and leaching of inorganic salts in soil was positively significant at 1% level.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2014

The management of soil chemical properties is very important to sustainable agriculture of many horticultural crops, including cucumber. This study was conducted to find the optimal soil properties of environmentally friendly agriculture in controlled horticulture. Soil chemical properties of 267 samples were collected from soil in Chungnam Province. The average of pH, EC, OM, available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg was 6.1, $5.38dS\;m^{-1}$, $34g\;kg^{-1}$, $1,321mg\;kg^{-1}$, $1.50cmol_c\;kg{-1}$, $10.3cmol_c\;kg{-1}$, and $3.4cmol_c\;kg{-1}$, respectively. The organic matter content in silty clay loam was significantly higher than in the other soil textures, whereas the pH, EC, exchangeable K, and Mg in loamy fine sand showed significantly lower among soil textures. The EC value and exchangeable Mg concentration were highest in mountain foot-slope soils. The frequency distribution within optimum range of soil chemical properties was 26.2%, 30.3%, 2.3%, 3.8%, 3.4%, and 6.7% for pH, OM, available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. Especially, excessive portion of available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable Ca were 94.0% and 94.4%, respectively. The EC value and organic matter content of soil samples were positive correlation with all chemical properties except soil pH. In principle component analysis of chemical properties in soil samples, the percentage of variance explained by PC 1 was 52.2%, while PC 2 explained 21.3% of the variance, for a cumulative total of 73.5%. In conclusion, these results are considered to improve soil nutrient management for sustainable controlled horticulture.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2001

This study was carried out to examine the recovery of forest ecosystem at the burned areas of coniferous (Mt. Chosdae) and broad leaved forest (Samsinbong in Mt. Chiri) by investigating the changes of forest vegetation. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. In the Samsinbong, the total number of species appeared at the burned area were 5 species at tree layer, 11 species at sub-tree layer and 24 species at herb layer, and at the unburned area were 5 species at tree layer, 14 species at sub-tree layer, 18 species at shrub layer and 23 species at herb layer, respectively. In the Mt. Chosdae, the total number of species appeared at the burned area only showed to 83 species at herb layer, and at the unburned area were 7 species at tree layer, 13 species at sub-tree layer, 21 species at shrub layer and 46 species at herb layer, respectively. 2. In the soil chemical properties of the burned area of Samsinbong, pH was 5.8, and contents of Organic matter, Total nitrogen, Available $P_2O_5$, Exchangeable $K^+$, Exchange $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and Exchange $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ were 7.42%, 0.73%, 28.5mg/kg, 1.3me/100g, 13.3me/100g and 2.2me/100g, respectively. But they showed a tendency to decrease by passing the time. In the soil chemical properties of the burned area of Mt. Chosdae, pH was 5.3, and contents of Organic matter, Total nitrogen, Available $P_2O_5$, Exchangeable $K^+$, Exchange $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and Exchange $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ were 6.42%, 0.25%, 24.4mg/kg, 0.7me/100g, 3.7me/100g and 2.1me/100g, respectively, and they also showed a tendency to decrease by passing the time. 3. An the burned and unburned areas of Samsinbong, the total evolved amounts of soil respiration were $4,049.1mg/m^2/h$ and $9,950.0mg/m^2/h$, respectively. An the burned and unburned areas of Mt. Chosdae, the total evolved amounts of soil respiration were $4,392.4mg/m^2/h$ and $8,286.5mg/m^2/h$, respectively.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2016

본 연구는 산겨릅나무 자생지(화악산, 망대암산, 계방산, 고루포기봉, 가리왕산, 두위봉, 금대봉과 지리산)의 입지환경, 토양특성, 및 식생구조 분석을 통해 자생지 보전 및 복원을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 산겨릅나무 자생지는 해발 605~1,413m에 위치하고, 경사는 8~30°로 다양하며, 노암율은 8~50%로 나타났다. PC-ORD를 이용한 이단계 군집분석 결과 군집I(산겨릅나무-신갈나무 군집), 군집II(산겨릅나무-까치박달 군집), 군집III(신갈나무-피나무 군집) 등 3개의 식물 군집으로 구분되었다. 종다양성지수(H')는 군집 II가 1.474로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 군집 I이 1.417, 군집 III이 1.219로 확인되었다. 산겨릅나무 자생지의 토성은 점토의 비율이 높은 식양토이며, 토양 산도, 유기물함량, 유효인산은 각각 pH 4.8, 15.56%, 2.33ppm으로 확인되었다. 토양 특성과 군집, 표징종을 ordination분석한 결과 가장 크게 영향을 주는 인자는 사면경사이며, 아교목층과 관목층의 피도, 유기물함량, 전질소, 칼슘, 마그네슘인 것으로 확인되었다. 환경요인 간 상관 분석을 실시한 결과, O.M. - (T.N., K+, Mg2+, CEC, EC), T.N. - (K+, Mg2+, CEC, EC) 등은 높은 정의 상관관계를 형성하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.53-56
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• 2005

A Laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the kinetics of oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in groundwater by potassium permanganate $(KMnO_4)$, Consumption of permanganate by TCE and aquifer materials was also evaluated to obtain an appropriate injection rate of $KMnO_4$. TCE degradation by $KMnO_4$ in the absence of aquifer material showed effective with pseudo-first order rate constant, $k_{obs}=1.8110^{-3}\;s^{-1}\;at\;KMnO_4=500mg/L$. TCE oxidation by $KMnO_4$ was found to be second order reaction and the rate constant, $k=0.65{\pm}0.08\;M^{-1}s^{-1}$, was independent of pH changes. $KMnO_4$ consumption rate by groundwater sampled from field site was not significant, indicating that groundwater containing negligible amount of dissolved organic matter does not have any influence on the $KMnO_4$ degradation. Meanwhile, aquifer materials from field site were actively reacted with permanganate, resulting in the significant consumption of $KMnO_4$. It might be attributed to the existence of metal oxides in aquifer materials, Based on the rate constants obtained from this study, appropriate injection rate of permanganate and TCE removal rate in groundwater could be estimated.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 1991

본 실험(實驗)에서는 여러 가지 중금속(重金屬) 종류중 Cd, Zn, Cu의 토양(土壤) 중에서의 행동(용해도(溶解度))에 대한 기작을 규명하기 위하여 8종(種)의 토양(土壤)을 이용하여 토양(土壤) Column을 만들고 각기 다른 농도의 중금속(重金屬)을 단독(單獨) 및 혼합처리(混合處理)하고 pH를 $3.0{\sim}11.0$사이에서 조절(調節)하여 중금속(重金屬)의 토양(土壤)에 의한 흡착(吸着) 및 탈착(脫着)을 조사하여 이 현상들의 pH, O.M., C.E.C. 및 토양광물(土壤鑛物) 종류(種類)와의 관계(關係)를 규명하였다. 1. 실험결과(實驗結果)는 모든 토양(土壤)에서 중금속(重金屬)의 흡착(吸着)은 예외없이 pH와 밀접한 관련이 있어 pH 6.0 부근에서 흡착량(吸着量)이 최대(最大)였으며 이보다 낮거나 높은쪽으로 감에 따라 감소(減少)하였으며 이러한 현상(現狀)은 세가지로 중금속(重金屬) Cu, Zn 및 Cd 각각의 단독(單獨) 및 혼합용액(混合溶液)에서 동일(同一)한 경향(傾向)이고 혼합용액(混合溶液) 상태에서 흡착량(吸着量)은 Cu가 Zn, Cd보다 많았다. 2. 또한 토양(土壤)에 의한 중금속(重金屬) Cu와 Zn의 흡착(吸着)은 C.E.C.의 크기 및 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)과 각각 유의성 있는 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 보였다. 그러나 이들 최대(最大) 흡착량(吸着量)을 나타내는 pH값과 유기물(有機物)과의 관계(關係)는 C.E.C.값과는 반대로 질(負)의 상관(相關)을 보여 낮은 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)을 갖는 토양(土壤)에서 오히려 높은 pH에서 최대(最大) 흡착(吸着)을 보였는데 이 경향(傾向)은 Cu, Zn 각각의 단독용액(單獨溶液) 또는 혼합용액(混合溶液) 모두에서도 같았다. 3. 중금속(重金屬) 흡착량(吸着量)에 대한 토양(土壤) pH영향에 있어서 NaOH에 의한 pH교정에 비하여 석회물질인 $Ca(OH)_2$ 첨가에 의한 pH조절(調節)의 경우(境遇)에 토양(土壤)에 의한 Cu흡착량(吸着量)이 현저히 증가(增加) pH자체 이외에 Ca가 중금속흡착(重金屬吸着)에 크게 영향함을 나타내었다. 4. 한편 토양중금속(土壤重金屬)의 탈착(脫着) 반응(反應)에 있어서 2 : 1 팽창형광물(膨脹形鑛物)인 Vermiculite함량(含量)과 C.E.C. 및 O.M. 함량(含量)이 높은 대정통(統)의 경우 전북통(統), 예천통(統)에 비하여 탈착(脫着)이 극히 어려운 것을 보여주었다.