• 한국습지학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2011

본 연구는 기후변화의 영향을 받아 달라질 것으로 예상되는 식생의 분포가 수문인자인 토양수분에 어떠한 변화를 야기하는지 규명하고자 하는데 있다. 식생인자와 수문기상인자와의 시공간적 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 다중분광센서로 스캔한 위성 이미지 데이터를 연구에 적용하였으며, 식생인자는 MODIS 13 Vegetation Indices Product에서 추출한 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)를 이용하였다. 식생인자와 토양수분의 상관관계를 분석하기 위해 농업기상정보시스템(Rural Development Administration) 에서 측정한 국내 4개 지점의 토양수분 Data 및 Aqua 위성에 탑재된 Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer E (AMSR-E)를 이용하여 측정한 토양수분과 MODIS 13 NDVI를 비교 분석하였다. 식생인자와 수문기상인자의 시계열 자료를 이용하여 각 지점에 대한 인자가 시간의 경과에 따라 변화하는 양상을 알아내고자 하였으며 추가적으로 토양수분과 식생이 서로 일정한 시차를 두고 연관이 있을 것이라는 가정 하에 상관 분석을 수행하였다. 그리하여 토양수분에 일정한 시차 (5일, 10일, 15일)를 주는 Time lag을 통한 상관분석을 시행한 결과 시차를 고려하지 않은 상관분석에서 보다 토양수분과 NDVI의 상관관계가 높게 나타났으며, 또한 토성에 따라 그 상관관계의 양상이 다르게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 식생인자가 수문인자에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 다양한 스케일 별로 이해하는 데 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.855-861
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• 2005

가뭄은 홍수와는 달리 장기적이고 지속적인 피해를 유발하고, 지역의 경제에 타격을 주며, 생태계 및 환경을 파괴하는 자연재해로서 인간에게 오랫동안 고통을 준다. 이와 같은 가뭄에 대비하고 가뭄을 관리하기 위해 가뭄의 정도를 정량화하고자 하는 연구가 꾸준히 이루어져 왔다. 그 결과 다양한 가뭄지수들이 개발되었으며 이들을 이용해 가뭄감시를 수행하고 있다. 그중 Palmer의 가뭄심도(PDSI)가 가뭄감시와 관리를 위하여 가장 널리 사용되고 있음에도 불구하고, 물순환의 고려없이 기후적인 조건만을 이용하는 단점과 한계성이 여러 학자들에 의해 지적되어 오고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위해 토양, 토지이용, 기후자료를 입력자료로 하는 분포형 장기유출모형인 SWAT모형을 이용하였다. 즉, SWAT 모형을 이용해 토양수(soil water, SW)를 구정하고, 이로부터 계산된 토양수분결핍을 근거로 토양수분지수(soil moisture index, SMI)를 산정하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 토양수분결핍에 기초한 토양수분지수는 가뭄감시와 관리에 그 적용성 및 활용이 가능하리라 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 1999

The experiment was conducted to investigate emergence response of lowland weeds at different soil moisture contents, burying depths and upon changes in soil moisture. Rice germination was over 50% at all burying depths under aerobic condition, but the emergence rate of the soil surface placed seeds in saturated and flooded conditions decreased by 19% and 29%, respectively, as compared with that of aerobic condition. Rice seeds at burying depth of over 3 cm did not emerge at all. The emergence rate of Echinochloa crus­galli (L.) Beauv. in aerobic condition was lower than 30%, but the emergence pattern of E. crus galli (L.) Beauv. at different soil moisture contents and seeding depths was similar to that of rice. Emergence behavior of lschaemum rugosum Salisb., Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven and Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. which are dominant lowland weed species in the Philippines also differed depending on soil moisture conditions and burying depths. lschaemum rugosum Salisb. emerged at all burying depths under aerobic condition, whereasLudwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven emerged only at 0 cm deep under saturated and aerobic condition and Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. at 0 cm deep under flooding condition. Weed seeds planted at 1, 3, and 5 cm deep in continuous flooded and saturated condition did not emerge at all, but upon a change of soil moisture condition from saturated to drainage (S$\rightarrow$D) and flooded to drainage (F$\rightarrow$D), grass weeds began to germinate again and the average emergence rate in S$\rightarrow$D and F$\rightarrow$D were 26% and 5% forE. crus­galIi (L.) Beauv., 9% and 8% forI. rugosum SaIisb., respectively. Weed seeds buried in soil in the pot showed great emergence at S$\rightarrow$D but did not emerge under continuous flooded condition. The diversity index accounting for dominance degree and occurrence aspect of weed, was the lowest at F$\rightarrow$D.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to identify how much the MODIS NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) can explain the forest soil moisture simulated from SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. For ChungjuDam watershed ($6,661.3\;km^2$) which covers 82.2% of forest, the SWAT model was calibrated for four years (2003-2006) at two locations of the watershed using daily streamflow data and was verified for three years (2000-2002) with average Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiencies of 0.69 and 0.75 respectively. For the period from March to June, the average spatial correlation between 16 days composite MODIS NDVI and the corresponding SWAT forest soil moisture was 0.90. The two variables averaged for each data set during that period showed an inverse relation with the average coefficient of determination of 0.55.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the various engineering properties and correlationshops among the soil constants of alluvial clayey deposits distributed in the bay of Asan and their results are summarized as follows : 1. Grain size distribution of soil was consisted of 12 % of clay, 46-73 % of silt, 2-23 % of sand, and as for the consistency characteristics, 26-36 % of liquid limit, 18-21 % of plastic limit and 6-16 % of plastic index, and so the soil belonging to as a lower plastic nonorganic clay, it's specific gravity was 2,66-2.70, and the location on the plastic chart was approximately above the A-line. Z The natural moisture content and unit weight were 30-43 % and 1.76-1.87 g I cm$_3$, respectively, and according to increment of natural moisture content, the unit weight was decreased, and the initial void ratio and degree of saturation were shown of 0,87-1119 and 92- 100 %, most of saturated. 3. Cone resistance value which was shown 2.4 - 6.5 kg / $cm^2$ was a little lower and it was increased with the depth of layer and shown the formular $q_c=0.7_z+1.32$. 4. Unconfined compression strength was about 0.18-0.43kg /$cm^2$, cu, 0.1-0.22kg / $\psi$, $2-6^{\circ}$ under uu-test condition of triaxial, and CCU, 0.08-0.3 kg/cm , $\psi$, $12-18^{\circ}$ under the condition of cu-test. 5. Pre-consolidation load of characteristics of consolidation was 0.4-0.8 kg / $cm^2$, compression index, about 0.17-0.33. 6. Liquid limit and plastic index were incresased with the increment of clay content but most of alluvial clay was appeared as a normal through non-activity clay soil shown more natural moisture content than liquid limit, and their relationship as follows : LL=0.38( cy+54.8), PI=0.836(LL -17.8), PI =0.468(LL -0.48) 7. The initial void ratio presented correlationship of positive among clay content, natural moisture content and liquid limit, and that of reverse with unit weight, and their results as follws : $e_o=0.024(w_n+0.2)$, $e_o=e_o=0.0003c_y+0.0005 LL+0.0151 W_n+\frac{3.58}{r-t}-1.52$ 8. It was shown that the compression index has correlationship of postive among the clay content, liquid limit, plastic index, natural moisture content and initial void ratio, and their relationships as follows ; $c_c=0.44(e_o-0.47)$, $c_c=0.001$

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2019

This study is to estimate the spatial soil moisture using Terra MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite data and machine learning technique. Using the 3 years (2015~2017) data of MODIS 16 days composite NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and daily Land Surface Temperature (LST), ground measured precipitation and sunshine hour of KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration), the RDA (Rural Development Administration) 10 cm~30 cm average TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) measured soil moisture at 78 locations was tested. For daily analysis, the missing values of MODIS LST by clouds were interpolated by conditional merging method using KMA surface temperature observation data, and the 16 days NDVI was linearly interpolated to 1 day interval. By applying the RNN-LSTM (Recurrent Neural Network-Long Short Term Memory) artificial neural network model, 70% of the total period was trained and the rest 30% period was verified. The results showed that the coefficient of determination ($R^2$), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency were 0.78, 2.76%, and 0.75 respectively. In average, the clay soil moisture was estimated well comparing with the other soil types of silt, loam, and sand. This is because the clay has the intrinsic physical property for having narrow range of soil moisture variation between field capacity and wilting point.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2007

The soil samples used in this study were prepared with the residual granite soils passed through the #4 sieve and obtained from Pocheon in Gyeonggi-Ki do. Specifically, five types of samples were prepared. Sample A which is a natural state soil was classified as SM according to the uses. Samples of B, C, D, and E were prepared by mixing Sample A with bentonite and were classified as SC according to the uses. The plasticity indexes of samples B, C, D, and E were 15, 25, 30, and 40, respectively. The specimens, whose dimensions are 100mm by 127.5mm, were prepared by A method of ASTM D 698 with the Proctor mold. In experiments, the loading with the 1%/min was applied. Four different disk diameters, 13mm, 26mm, 38mm, and 52mm were used in the Improved Unconfined Penetration (IUP) tests. To compare the tensile strengths, the split tensile tests were also conducted on the same specimens used for the IUP tests. To find out the effects of moisture contents, plasticity Index of specimens on the tensile strength, six different water contents were used for making a specimen.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.153-153
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• 2019

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of hydrological processes. Accurate estimates of ET variation are of vital importance for natural hazard adaptation and water resource management. This study first developed a soil water index (SWI)-based Priestley-Taylor algorithm (SWI-PT) based on the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), SWI, net radiation, and temperature. The algorithm was then compared with a modified satellite-based Priestley-Taylor ET model (MS-PT). After examining the performance of the two models at 10 flux tower sites in different land cover types over East Asia and Australia, the daily estimates from the SWI-PT model were closer to observations than those of the MS-PT model in each land cover type. The average correlation coefficient of the SWI-PT model was 0.81, compared with 0.66 in the original MS-PT model. The average value of the root mean square error decreased from $36.46W/m^2$ to $23.37W/m^2$ in the SWI-PT model, which used different variables of soil moisture and vegetation indices to capture soil evaporation and vegetative transpiration, respectively. By using the EVI and SWI, uncertainties involved in optimizing vegetation and water constraints were reduced. The estimated ET from the MS-PT model was most sensitive (to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in forests) to net radiation ($R_n$) in grassland and cropland. The estimated ET from the SWI-PT model was most sensitive to $R_n$, followed by SWI, air temperature ($T_a$), and the EVI in each land cover type. Overall, the results showed that the MS-PT model estimates of ET in forest and cropland were weak. By replacing the fraction of soil moisture ($f_{sm}$) with the SWI and the NDVI with the EVI, the newly developed SWI-PT model captured soil evaporation and vegetation transpiration more accurately than the MS-PT model.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 1993

The relationships between microbial activity and disturbance level of soil were investigated from 15 parks in Seoul and undisturbed area. The physico-chemical characteristics of soil and dehydrogenase activity(DHA) as an index of soil microbial activity were analysed. There were ranges of 3.84~7.37 in pH, 9.63~40.33% in moisture content, 3.41~21.49% in organic matter, 0.36~0.79g/g in water holding capacity and 0.03~0.53% in total nitrogen investigated sites. DHA values of soil were 8.64~$146.76{\mu}g/g$ in park soil and 545.14~$1, 198.80{\mu}g/g$ in undisurbed area. DHA of park soil with high traffic density and contamination source from human activities was much lower than that of undisturbed area. DHA was positively correlated with moisture content, organic matter, water holding capacity and total nitrogen.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1984

This study was carried out to find physical and mechanical properties of soil in Yongsan project area to support basic data for tidalland reclamation. The main results are as follows. 1. Most of the soils in this area consist of clay and silt, and inorganic materials. 2. Natural moisture contents are ranged from 42.2% to 92.9% initial void ratio, from 1.4 to 2.3 Therefore it takes a longtime in Settlement of considerable depth. 3. Wet unit weights decrease with increasing of the nataral moistare contents as rt=2. 005-0. 0065wn.4. The relationships between compression index. and liquid limit, initial void ratio and natural moisture contents are found as follows respectively. Cc =0. 046+0. O12LL Cc=-0. 068+0.367eo Cc =0. 056+0. OO8Wn 5. Natural moisture content, plastic limit, plastic index, initial void ratio and liquid :limit are directly proportional to clay content ratio. The relationships are found as Wn=26. 083+0. 797Cy PL=14. 223+0. 128Cy P1=0. 457+0. 492Cy eo=0. 757+0. O2Ocy LL=14. 695+0. 620Cy. 6. Initial void ratio and liquid limit are directly proportional to natural moisture con-tent as follows. eo=0. 310+0.022wn LL=6. 275+0.592wn