• Title/Summary/Keyword: Soil flushing

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Effect of Ferro-nickel Slag on Contamination of Soil and Water (페로니켈슬래그(FNS)가 토질 및 수질오염에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Kyungho;Kim, Daehyeon;Kim, Byungho;Go, Youngjin
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.21-33
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of the study is to evaluate engineering properties of Ferro Nickel Slag (FNS) and to investigate the effects of FNS on potential contamination of surrounding soil and water through small and large chamber tests. Soil conditions in the chamber tests were made as closely as possibile to the field conditions. In order to simulate different types of water, we used fresh water, acidic water and seawater. Sand soils were made with relative densities of 40% and 60%, and clay with the degree of compaction of 90%. After flushing water through the FNS in the chambers was completed, the PH test was performed for the water flowing out of the chambers and the soil samples were collected for soil pollution analysis. Based on the results of the chamber tests, although the pollution level was slightly higher in the silt than in the sand, the environmental effect that FNS causes the surrounding soil was found to be very minimal. This indicates that FNS can be used as construction material in place of natural aggregates.

Comparing Night Soil Treatment Processes in Aspects of Cost and Energy Consumption (분뇨처리방법의 비용 및 에너지소비 비교)

  • Yoo, Kee Young
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.38-45
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    • 2008
  • There are still lots of areas where combined sewer pipes are covering in Seoul. All buildings within those areas are equipping septic tanks which take part in separating solids from flushing water of chamber pots. Septic tanks legally demand emptying and cleaning the those inner bodies once a year, resulting the generation of sludge which should be purified using the specified treatment plants as one of environmental infrastructures. Previous research showed that sludge volume continuously increase putting night soil treatment facilities in shortage by 3,549kL a day in 2020, which should be prepared by newly built facilities. This study aimed to define which process is more suitable especially in the points of cost and energy consumption. It was the main results that combining treatment of sewer with night soil, in fact same as nowaday process, is the very positive way beyond the treatment of night soil's own in respects of both costs and energy consumption.

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Design Scheme to Develop Integrated Remediation Technology: Case Study of Integration of Soil Flushing and Pneumatic Fracturing for Metal Contaminated Soil (복합복원기술 개발을 위한 설계안 : 중금속 오염토양을 위한 토양세척과 토양파쇄의 통합 사례 연구)

  • Chung, Doug-Young;Yang, Jae-E.
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.29-37
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    • 2006
  • In remediation of the contaminated soil, it requires to select at least more than two remediation technologies depending on the fate and transport phenomena through complicated reactions in soil matrix. Therefore, methodologies related to develop the integrated remediation technology were reviewed for agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals. Pneumatic fracturing is necessary to implement deficiency because soil washing is not effective to remove heavy metals in the subsurface soil. But it needs to evaluate the characteristics such as essential data and factors of designated technology in order to effectively apply them in the site. In the remediation site, the important soil physical and chemical factors to be considered are hydrology, porosity, soil texture and structure, types and concentrations of the contaminants, and fate and its transport properties. However, the integrated technology can be restrictive by advective flux in the area which remediation is highly effective although both soil washing and pneumatic fracturing were applied simultaneously in the site. Therefore, we need to understand flow pathways of the target contaminants in the subsurface soils, that includes kinetic desorption and flux, predictive simulation modeling, and complicated reaction in heterogenous soil.

Evidences of in Situ Remediation from Long Term Monitoring Data at a TCE-contaminated Site, Wonju, Korea

  • Lee, Seong-Sun;Kim, Hun-Mi;Lee, Seung Hyun;Yang, Jae-Ha;Koh, Youn Eun;Lee, Kang-Kun
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.8-17
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    • 2013
  • The contamination of chlorinated ethenes at an industrial complex, Wonju, Korea, was examined based on sixteen rounds of groundwater quality data collected from 2009 to 2013. Remediation technologies such as soil vapor extraction, soil flushing, biostimulation, and pumping-and-treatment have been applied to eliminate the contaminant sources of trichloroethylene (TCE) and to prevent the migration of TCE plume from remediation target zones. At each remediation target zone, temporal monitoring data before and after the application of remediation techniques showed that the aqueous concentrations of TCE plume present at and around the main source areas decreased significantly as a result of remediation technologies. However, the TCE concentration of the plumes at the downstream area remained unchanged in response to the remediation action, but it showed a great fluctuation according to seasonal recharge variation during the monitoring period. Therefore, variations in the contaminant flux across three transects were analyzed. Prior to the remediation action, the concentration and mass discharges of TCE at the transects were affected by seasonal recharge variation and residual DNAPLs sources. After the remediation, the effect of remediation took place clearly at the transects. By tracing a time-series of plume evolution, a greater variation in the TCE concentrations was detected at the plumes near the source zones compared to the relatively stable plumes in the downstream. The difference in the temporal profiles of TCE concentrations between the plumes in the source zone and those in the downstream could have resulted from remedial actions taken at the source zones. This study demonstrates that long term monitoring data are useful in assessing the effectiveness of remediation practices.

Sonication Effect on NAPL Extraction from Soils (초음파를 이용한 흙에서의 NAPL의 추출에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Young-Uk;Khim, Jeehyeong;Lee, In-Mo
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.23-28
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    • 2000
  • 초음파를 이용한 지반 세척의 효율을 높이기 위한 방법이 최근에 개발되었지만 그에 대한 연구는 아직 초기 단계인 실정이다. 본 연구는 초음파가 지반 정화에 미치는 영향에 대하여 실내 실험을 통해 고찰하였으며 특히 초음파 에너지의 강도, 시료의 종류 및 밀도, 그리고 수두의 변화가 지반 세척에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구를 수행하였다. 상기의 연구 결과 지반 세척시 초음파가 세척 능력을 상당히 향상시키는 것으로 나타났으며 초음파에너지가 강할수록, 흐름 속도가 느릴수록 초음파의 효과가 크게 나타났다.

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Assessment of Human Exposures to Indoor Radon Released from Groundwater (지하수로부터의 실내 라돈오염시 인체노출평가)

  • 유동한;김상준;양지원
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.241-249
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    • 2001
  • A report by the National Research Council in the United States suggested that many lung cancer deaths each year are associated with breathing radon in indoor air. Most of the indoor radon comes directly from soil beneath the basement of foundation. Recently, radon released from groundwater is found to contribute to the total inhalation risk from indoor air. This study presents the assessment of a exposure to radon released from the groundwater into indoor air. At first, a 3-compartment model is describe the transfer and distribution if radon released from groundwater in a house through showering, washing clothes, and flushing toilets. The model is used to estimate a daily human exposure through inhalation of such radon for adults based on two sets of exposure scenarios, Finally, a sensitivity analysis is used to identify important parameters. The results obtained from the study would help to increase the understanding of risk assessment issues associated with the indoor radon released from groundwater.

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Stabilization Mechanisms of Powdered and Bead Type Stabilizer Made of Mg-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) for the Arsenic Contaminated Soil (Mg-Fe 이중층수산화물로 제조한 분말상과 입상 안정화제의 비소 오염토양 안정화 기작)

  • Kim, Seonhee;Kim, Kyeongtae;Oh, Yuna;Han, Yikyeong;Lee, Minhee
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.49-62
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    • 2022
  • The magnesium and iron-based layered double hydroxide (Mg-Fe LDH) was synthesized by the co-precipitation process and the bead type LDH (BLDH, 5~6 mm in diameter) was manufactured by using the Mg-Fe LDH and the starch as a binder. To evaluate the feasibility of the BLDH as the As stabilizer in the soil, various experiments were performed and the As stabilization efficiency of the BLDH was compared to that of powdered type LDH (PLDH, <149 ㎛ in diameter). For the As sorption batch experiment, the As sorption efficiency of both of the PLDH and the BLDH showed higher than 99%. For the stabilization experiment with soil, the As extraction reducing efficiency of the PLDH was higher than 87%, and for the BLDH, it was higher than 80%, suggesting that the BLDH has similar the feasibility of As stabilization for the contaminated soil, compared to the PLDH. From the continuous column experiments, when more than 7% BLDH was added into the soil, the As stabilization efficiency of the column maintained at over 91% for 7 pore volume flushing (simulating about 21 months of rainfall) and slowly decreased down to 64% after that time (to 36 months) under the non-equilibrium conditions. Results suggested that more than 7% of BLDH added in As-contaminated soil could be enough to stabilize As in soil for a long time. The main As fixation mechanisms on the LDH were also identified through the X-ray fluorescence (XRF), the X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses. Results showed that the LDH has enough of an external surface adsorption capacity and an anion exchange capability at the interlayer spaces. Results of SEM/EDS and BET analyses also supported that the Mg-Fe LDH used in this study has sufficient porous structures and outer surfaces to fix the As. The reduction of carbonate (CO32-) and sulfate (SO42-) anions in the LDH after the reaction between As and the LDH was observed through the FT-IR, the XRF, and the XRD analyses, suggesting that the exchange of some of these anions with the arsenate (H2AsO4- or HAsO42-) occurs at the LDH interlayers during the stabilization process in soil.

Hydrogeochemical Research on the Characteristic of Chemical Weathering in a Granitic Gatchment (水文化學的 資料를 통한 花崗岩質 流域의 化學的 風化特性에 關한 硏究)

  • Park, Soo-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 1993
  • This research aims to investigate some respects of chemical weathering processes, espcially the amount of solute leaching, formation of clay minerals, and the chemical weathering rate of granite rocks under present climatic conditions. For this purpose, I investigated geochemical mass balance in a small catchment and the mineralogical composition of weathered bedrocks including clay mineral assemblages at four res-pective sites along one slope. The geochemical mass blance for major elements of rock forming minerals was calculated from precipitation and streamwater data which are measured every week for one year. The study area is a climatically and litholo-gically homogeneous small catchment($3.62Km^2$)in Anyang-shi, Kyounggi-do, Korea. The be-drock of this area id Anyang Granite which is composed of coarse-giained, pink-colored miner-als. Main rock forming minerals are quartz, K-Feldspar, albite, and muscovite. One of the chracteristics of this granite rock is that its amount of Ca and Mg is much lower than other granite rock. The leaching pattern in the weathering profiles is in close reltion to the geochemical mass balance. Therefore the removal or accumulation of dissolved materials shows weathering patterns of granite in the Korean peninsula. Oversupplied ions into the drainage basin were $H^+$, $K^+$, Fe, and Mn, whereas $Na^2+$, $Mg^2+$, $Ca^2+$, Si, Al and $HCO-3^{-}$ were removed from the basin by the stream. The consumption of hydrogen ion in the catchment implies the hydrolysis of minerals. The surplus of $K^+$ reflects that vegetation is in the aggravation stage, and the nutrient cycle of the forest in study area did not reach a stable state. And it can be also presumed that the accumulation of $K^+$ in the top soil is related to the surplus of $K^+$. Oversupplied Fe and Mn were presumed to accumulate in soil by forming metallic oxide and hydroxide. In the opposite, the removal of $Na^+$, Si, Al resulted from the chemical weathering of albite and biotite, and the amount of removal of $Na^+$, Si, Al reflected the weathering rate of the bedrock. But $Ca^2+$ and $Mg^2+$ in stream water were contaminated by the scattered calcareous structures over the surface. Kaolinite is a stable clay mineral under the present environment by the thermodynamical analysis of the hydrogeochemical data and Tardy's Re value. But this result was quite different from the real assemblage of clay miner-als in soil and weathered bedrock. This differ-ence can be explained by the microenvironment in the weathering profile and the seasonal variation of climatic factors. There are different clay forming environments in the stydy area and these differences originate from the seasonal variation of climate, especially the flushing rate in the weathering profile. As it can be known from the results of the analysis of thermodynamic stability and characteristics of geochemical mas balance, the climate during winter and fall, when it is characterized by the low flushing rate and high solute influx, shows the environmental characteristics to from 2:1 clay minerals, such as illite, smectite, vermiculite and mixed layer clay minerals which are formed by neoformation or transformation from the primary or secondary minerals. During the summer and spring periods, kaoli-nite is a stable forming mineral. However it should consider that the other clay minerals can transformed into kaolinite or other clay minerals, because these periods have a high flushing rte and temperature. Materials which are directly regulated by chemical weathering in the weathered bedrock are $Na^+$, Si, and Al. The leaching of Al is, however, highly restricted and used to form a clay mineral, and that of Si falls under the same category. $Na^+$ is not taked up by growing veget ation, and fixed in the weathering profile by forming secondary minerals. Therefore the budget of $Na^+$ is a good indicator for the chemical weathering rate in the study area. The amount of chemical weathering of granite rocks was about 31.31g/$m^2+$/year based on $Na^+$ estimation.

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Applicability Evaluation of Electrodes Exchange and Mixed Solution for Enhanced Electrokinetic Process (Electrokinetic Process의 효율 향상을 위한 전극교환 방식과 혼합용매 적용 가능성 평가)

  • Lee, Noh-Sup;Park, Sung-Soo;NamKoong, Wan
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.391-395
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    • 2007
  • This study investigated the feasibility of enhanced electrokinetic (EK) remediation of soil contaminated with approximately 20000 Pb-mg/kg. Enhanced EK remediation was evaluated by using mixed solution (0.3 M acetic acid and 0.03 M EDTA, EK-M) and by exchanging electrodes for preventing precipitation of metal hydrate. For the EK-M, the lead removal efficiency was only 2% lower than the case where 0.03 M EDTA was solely used (EK-Blank, EK-B). Considering the costly expense of EDTA, the application of EK-M would be economically viable. The efficiency of of EK-E was higher by 2% than the EK-B method. More impertantly, the pH values of entire soil packed column presented to be neutral (7~8) in the EK-E process. Unlike to EK-B and EK-M, the deposition of heavy metals to any specific area was avoided in the EK-E process.

A Field Study of Surfactant Enhanced In-Situ Remediation using Injection Wells and Recovery Trench at a Jet Oil Contaminated Site (항공유 오염 지역에서 주입정과 회수트렌치를 이용한 원위치 토양세정법 현장 적용)

  • Lee, Gyu-Sang;Kim, Yang-Bin;Jang, Jae-Sun;Um, Jae-Yeon;Song, Sung-Ho;Kim, Eul-Young
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.13-21
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    • 2012
  • This study reports a surfactant-enhanced in-situ remediation treatment at a test site which is located in a hilly terrain. The leakage oils from a storage tank situated on the top of the hill contaminated soils and groundwater in the lower elevation. Sixteen vertical injection wells (11 m deep) were installed at the top of the hill to introduce 0.1-0.5 vol.% of non-ionic Tween-80 surfactant. The contaminated area that required remediation treatment was about $1,650\;m^2$. Two cycles of injecting surfactant solution followed by water were repeated over approximately 7.5 months: first cycle with 0.5 month of surfactant injection followed by 3 months of water injection, and second cycle with 1 month of surfactant followed by 3 months of water injection. The seasonal fluctuation in groundwater table was also considered in the selection of periods for surfactant and water injection. The results showed that the initial Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of 1,041 mg/kg (maximum 3,605 mg/kg) was reduced significantly down to 76.6 mg/kg in average. After 2nd surfactant injection process finished, average TPH concentration of soils was reduced to 7.5% compared to initial concentration. Also, average BTEX concentration of soils was reduced to 10.8%. This resultes show that the surfactant enhanced in-situ remediation processes can be applicable to LNAPL contaminated site in field scale.