• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2006

Changes in the soil physical property and the topographic condition derived from agricultural activities like as farming activities, land clearance and cutting down resulted in environmental and economic problems including the outflow of nutrient from farms and the water pollution. Several theories on the soil conservation have been developed and reviewed to protect soil erosion in the regions having a high risk of erosion. This study was done using the USLE model developed by Wischmeier and Smith (1978), and model for the slope length and steepness made by Desmet and Govers (1996), and Nearing (1997) to evaluate the potential of the soil erodibility. Therefore, several results were obtained as follows. First, factors affecting the soil erosion based on the USLE could be extracted to examine the erosion potential in farms. Soil erodibility (K), slope length (L), and slope steepness (S) were used as main factors in the USLE in consideration of the soil, not by the land use or land cover. Second, the soil erodibility increased in paddy soils where it is low in soil content, and the very fine sandy loam exists. Analysis of the slope length showed that the value of a flat ground was 1, and the maximum value was 9.17 appearing on the steep mountain. Soil erodibility showed positive relationship to a slope. Third, the potential soil erodibility index (PSEI) showed that it is high in the PSEI of the areas of steep upland and orchard on the slope of mountainous region around Dokjigol mountain, Dunji mountain, and Deummit mountain. And the PSEI in the same land cover was different depending on the slope rather than on the physical properties in soil. Forth, the analysis of land suitability in soil erosion explained that study area had 3,672.35ha showing the suitable land, 390.88ha for the proper land, and 216.54ha for the unsuitable land. For unsuitable land, 8.71ha and 6.29ha were shown in fallow uplands and single cropping uplands, respectively.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.357-372
• /
• 2006

The excessive land activities in farming can cause soil erosion, inundation by a flood, and fallow. So far land evaluation has been analyzed using the land use limitation derived from the excessive land activities. This study was done for evaluating the agricultural fields by using 3 land use limitations, inundation potential, soil erodibility potential, and fallow potential. The study area is Ibang-myeon, Changnyeong-gun, Gyeongnam-province, Korea. A logistic regression model was applied to recognize the inundation potential by a flood in the Nakdong river basin. And potential soil erodibility index (PSEI) was derived from USLE model to analyze the soil erodibility potential. And a probability model from a logistic regression model was applied to detect the fallow potential. Therefore, we found 220.7ha for the 4th grade and 86.1ha for the 5th grade was analyzed as water damage potential. Large area near Nakdong river have problem to grow the rice due to the damage by water inundation. And 213.6ha for the 3rd grade and 103.3ha for 4th grade was detected as a result of the analysis of soil erosion potential. The soil erosion potential was high when within-field integrity of soil was not stable, or the kinetic energy was high or the slope length was long due to a steep slope of a specific land. And 869.1ha for 3rd grade, 174.9ha for 4th grade, and 110.6ha for 5th grade was detected to be distributed having the fallow potential. Especially, a village, having a steep mountain, had 249.5ha for the 3rd grade, which was 28.7% of total area showing the 3rd grade. Finally, Three villages, including An-ri, Geonam-ri, Songgok-ri, showed they had largest area of the suitable land in the study area. These villages had similar topographic condition where they were far from Nakdong river, and they had relatively higher elevation and flat lands.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 토양침식성 인자, 사면경사길이 인자, 피복관리 인자 등 RUSLE 모형의 각종 인자들의 산정방법의 특성을 검토하고 산정방법간의 오차를 분석하고자 하였다. 또한, 42개의 강우사상에 대해 RUSLE모형을 강원 토사유출 시험유역에 적용하여 토사유출량을 산정하고 그 결과를 관측 토사유출량과 비교함으로써 모형의 적용성을 검토하였다. RUSLE모형의 각종 인자들에 대한 분석결과 피복관리 인자가 가장 민감한 것으로 나타났으며, 산지유역에 RUSLE를 적용하는 경우 식생의 영향을 반드시 고려할 필요가 있다. 또한 국립농업과학원 토양정보시스템의 토양통 자료를 이용하는 경우 현장토양 특성을 반영하지 못해 큰 오차가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 강우에너지 산정방법에 따라서는 최대 22.7%의 오차가 발생하는 것으로 나타났으며, 향후 보다 많은 자료를 이용하여 각 인자들을 검증할 필요가 있다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제58권6호
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2016

Soil loss is an accompanying phenomenon of hydrologic cycle in watersheds. Both rainfall drops and runoff lead to soil particle detachment, the detached soil particles are transported into streams by runoff. Here, a sediment-laden water problem can be issued if soil particles are severely detached and transported into stream in the watershed. There is a need to estimate or simulate soil erosion in watersheds so that an adequate plan to manage soil erosion can be established. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), therefore, was developed and modified by many researchers for their watersheds, moreover the simple model, USLE, has been employed in many hydrologic models for soil erosion simulations. While the USLE has been applied even in South-Korea, the model is often regarded as being limited in applications for the watersheds in South-Korea since monthly conditions against soil erosion on soil surface are not capable to represent. Thus, the monthly USLE factors against soil erosion, soil erodibility and crop management factors, were established for four major watersheds, which are Daecheong-dam, Soyang-dam, Juam-dam, and Imha-dam watersheds. The monthly factors were established by recent fifteen years from 2000 to 2015. Five crops were selected for the monthly crop management factor establishments. Soil loss estimations with the modified factors were compared to conventional approach that is average annual estimations. The differences ranged from 9.3 % (Juam-dam watershed) to 28.1 % (Daecheong-dam watershed), since the conventional approaches were not capable of seasonally and regionally different conditions.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.115-132
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study is to estimate the soil loss amount with Geographic Information System according to the land use change of Buju mountain area in Mokpo city. To estimate the soil loss, Universal Soil Loss Equation which is the most proper technique to predict soil loss in this site condition is adopted and IDRISI, a raster GIS software, is used. GIS application with USLE is very efficient to estimate soil loss accurately and fastly. In order to decide value and to find application method of USLE factors, we used existing rainfall erosion index, soil erodibility analysis, slope length, slope steepness, vegetation management and practices, which are rated by GIS through the analysis of various studies related USLE. The result of this study was compared with the previous other researches to verify our method of constructing numerical data of USLE's factors. The result of verification of our way showed significance for the soil loss in forest area. But the result of verification for the soil loss in forest area. But the result of verification for the soil loss of cultivated area showed some errors. It seems that this result was due to local variation of topographical map.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
• /
• pp.357-360
• /
• 2005

Soil loss is widely recognized as a threat to farm livelihoods and ecosystem integrity worldwide. Soil loss prediction models can help address long-range land management planning under natural and agricultural conditions. Even though it is hard to find a model that considers all forms of erosion, some models were developed specifically to aid conservation planners in identifying areas where introducing soil conservation measures will have the most impact on reducing soil loss. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) computes the average annual erosion expected on hillslopes by multiplying several factors together: rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover management (C), and support practice (P). The value of these factors is determined from field and laboratory experiments. This study calculated soil erosion using GIS-based RUSLE model in Imha basin and examined soil erosion source area using SPOT 5 high-resolution satellite image and land cover map. As a result of analysis, dry field showed high-density soil erosion area and we could easily investigate source area using satellite image. Also we could examine the suitability of soil erosion area applying field survey method in common areas (dry field & orchard area) that are difficult to confirm soil erosion source area using satellite image.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 2006

토양침식은 지구상에 존재하는 자원의 기반을 위협하는 중요한 환경문제로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토양 침식모형중 GIS와의 연계가 가능하고 중규모유역에서 범용적으로 활용가능한 RUSLE 침식모형을 선정하여 모형에 입력되는 인자들을 GSIS 공간분석기법을 활용하여 추출하였다. 먼저 댐 유역의 토양침식량 평가를 위해 토양도, DEM, 토지피복도와 같은 GIS 자료와 2003년 태풍매미 강우사상을 적용하고, 상하류 유역특성을 고려한 토양침식의 변화를 분석하고자 토양침식인자, 지형인자 그리고 식생피복인자를 분석한 결과, 상류유역에서는 산림의 높은 비율로 인해 토양침식인자와 지형인자의 평균값이 하류유역에 비해 높게 나타났고, 반면 하류유역에서는 완만한 경사의 농경지의 영향으로 식생피복인자의 평균값이 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 그리고, 상하류 유역특성을 고려한 토양침식량 평가 결과, 상류유역의 단위토양침식량이 하류유역보다 약 4.3배 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 토양침식 저감을 위한 유역대책 수립시 상류유역을 중점 대상지역으로 선정하는 것이 효과 적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2001

강우나 물의 유출에 의한 토양침식은 농업 생산성을 떨어뜨리고 목초지를 손상시키며, 물의 흐름을 방해하는 등의 각종 환경적인 문제를 야기시키고 있다. 환경에 대한 관심이 고조되는 시점에서 토양침식이 매우 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있지만 아직은 체계적인 자료의 정리와 분석이 이루어지지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 최근 부각되고 있는 GSIS를 활용하여 토양침식을 예측하는 모형에 입력되는 인자를 추출하는 기법을 제시하는 것으로 침식모형에는 ANSWER, WEPP RUSLE 등 여러 가지가 있으나 본 연구에서는 GSIS 자료와의 연계가 용이하면서 유역에 대한 일반적인 토양침식을 예측할 수 있는 RUSLE 침식모형을 사용하였다. RUSLE 입력인자에는 강우침식인자 R, 토양침식인자 K, 침식사면의 길이인자 L, 침식사면의 경사인자 S, 식생피복인자 C 그리고 경작인자 P로 구성되어 있다. RUSLE 입력인자 중 L과 S인자 추출에 사용되었던 기존의 식은 대부분 농업지역에 적용된 식으로 유역에 적용시 한계가 있기 때문에 본 연구에서는 GSIS 자료를 통해 격자별로 유역에 적용 가능한 수정된 경험식을 활용하였다. 또한 격자형 RUSLE인자를 유역추출 알고리즘을 이용하여 유역별로 분석함으로서 유역별 RUSLE인자의 최소값, 최대값, 평균 그리고 표준편차를 계산할 수 있었다.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.165-174
• /
• 1994

GIS를 이용하여 토양 유실에 대한 환경영향 분석과 평가가 부여군의 금강유역을 대상으로 실시되었다. 수작업 계산으로 처리되고 있는 지금까지의 토양 유실량 산출방법은 토양 유실을 야기시키는 여러 자연환경 요소들의 정량적 분석과 또한 이러한 요소들의 복잡한 상관 관계들을 명쾌하게 규명하기에는 많은 어려움이 있다. 금번 연구에서 GIS의 활용은 이러한 환경분석 기술들을 변화시키고 자료들을 조직화할 뿐만 아니라, 기존의 분석과정들을 자동화시키는 이상의 변화를 가져오게 할 수 있었다. 연구지역에서 아주 경제적으로 생산된 최종 토양 유실 분석도는 여러 사용자들에게 GIS의 유용성과 활용성을 보여주는 계기를 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서 도입된 토양 유실 공식(USLE)은 분수계내에서 실제 유실량 계산을 목적으로하고 있으나, 금번에 개발된 토양 유실 계수(Soil Loss Index)는 위으 공식 적용에 있어서 야기될 수 있는 자료들의 부정확성을 보완할 수 있음은 물론, 다른 분수계들에 대해서 상대적 토양 유실 분석에도 활용될 수 있다. 동시에 본 연구결과는 토사 유실에 따른 대책 수립에 커다란 기여가 예상되며, 지질 재해 예방에 적극 활용될 것이다. 앞으로 국내에서는 본 연구를 기초로 환경관리 분야에 대한 GIS 응용기술의 적극 개발과 환경분석 전문가 시스템 개발이 요구될 전망이다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.188-188
• /
• 2016

The Mekong which is one of the world's most significant rivers plays an extremely important role to South East Asia. Lying across six riparian countries including China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam and being a greatly biological and ecological diversity of fishes, the river supports a huge population who living along Mekong Basin River. Therefore, much attention has been focused on the giant Mekong Basin River, particularly, the soil erosion and sedimentation problems which rise critical impacts on irrigation, agriculture, navigation, fisheries and aquatic ecosystem. In fact, there have been many methods to calculate these problems; however, in the case of Mekong, the available data have significant limitations because of large area (about 795 00 km2) and a failure by management agencies to analyze and publish of developing countries in Mekong Basin River. As a result, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model in a GIS (Geographic Information System) framework was applied in this study. The USLE factors contain the rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length, steepness, crop management and conservation practices which are represented by raster layers in GIS environment. In the final step, these factors were multiplied together to estimate the soil erosion rate in the study area by using spatial analyst tool in the ArcGIS 10.2 software. The spatial distribution of soil loss result will be used to support river basin management to find the subtainable management practices by showing the position and amount of soil erosion and sediment load in the dangerous areas during the selected 56- year period from 1952 to 2007.