• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2003

The current status and future prospects of parasitic infections in Korea is briefly reviewed. Soil-transmitted helminth infections including ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm infections decreased remarkably. owing to the national control activities excuted by the Korea Association of Health Promotion(formerly Korea Association of parasite Eradication) using mass heath education. Important recent trends include reemergence of vivax malaria since 1993, persistence of food-borne trematode infections including clonorchiasis and intestinal trematode infections, increased detection of zoonotic parasitosis, close-up of infection with opportunistic parasites including cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, and pneumosytosis, increase of imported tropical infectious disease, appearance of new parasitic disease such as gymnophalloidiasis, and increase of accidental infections with free-living amoebae. These trends represent greatly changed overall patterns of parasitic infections in Korea.

• 식물병연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2007

양파 연작지 토양의 담수기간에 따른 분홍색뿌리썩음병의 방제효과, 양파의 생육 및 수량을 조사한 결과 토양병원균의 밀도변화는 담수기간이 길수록 균밀도의 감소효과가 뚜렷하여 처리 후 90일에는 무담수에 비해 $1/2{\sim}1/3$ 수준으로 감소하였지만 양파 재배후 균밀도는 담수직후 보다는 전반적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 양파 육묘상 담수처리에 의한 분홍색뿌리썩음병의 방제효과는 담수 60일 이상 처리에서 $93.5{\sim}99.2%$였고, 뿌리이병율도 무담수에 비해 $1/11{\sim}1/18$ 수준으로 크게 감소하였다. 양파 재배포장에서의 발병율 또한 담수 60일 이상 처리에서 5% 미만으로 크게 감소하였다. 양파의 구중과 상품수량은 무담수에 비해 담수처리에서 증가되었으며, 담수기간이 길어질수록 대구의 비율이 늘어나는 경향을 보였다. 이와 같이 양파 분홍색뿌리썩음병이 심하게 발생하고 있는 연작지에 양파를 정식하기 전에 담수처리를 할 경우, 적어도 2년간, 60일 이상 담수처리를 하였을 때 효과적으로 분홍색뿌리썩음병균의 밀도와 병발생을 경감시킬 수 있으며, 정상적인 양파 육묘 및 생육에 의한 구비대로 수량 증수효과가 클 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2004년도 생명공학 실용화를 위한 비젼
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• pp.62-65
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• 2004

To protect the watermelon against soil-borne pathogens, we are currently producing disease-resistant transgenic root stock for the growth of watermelon, A defensin gene (J1-1) from Capsicum annum, a ACC deaminase gene from Pseudomonas syringae, a galactinol synthase (CsGolS) gene from Cucumis sativus, and a WRKY (CvWRKY2) gene from Citullus vulgaris were used as transgenes for disease resistance. The gene were transformed into a inbred line (6-2-2) of watermelon, Kong-dae watermelon and a inbred line (GO702S) of gourd, respectively, by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Putative transgenic plants were selected in medium containing 100mg/L kanamycin, and then integration of the genes into the genomic DNA were demonstrated by PCR analysis. Successful integration of the gene in regenerated plants was also confirmed by PCR (Figf 1), genomic Southern blot (Fig 2), RT-PCR (Fig 3), and Northern blot analysis(Fig 4). Several T1 lines having different transgene were produced, and disease resistance of the T1 lines are under estimation.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.252-257
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• 1995

Growth rates of the low temperature growing isolates, Pseudomonas fluorescens M45 and MC07, reached maximum stationary phase within 50 hrs at the low temperature, 4$^{\circ}C$. But an ordinary biocontrol agent P. putida Pf3 did not reach logarithmic growth phase until 80 hrs. The culture filtrates of M45 and MC07 significantly inhibited the mycelial growths of Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora capsici. Detached cotyledons of cucumber grown on Murashige and Skoog agar medium were much enhanced in their growth, compared to those without the filtrates. Population densities of M45 and MC07 in the rhizosphere at 14$^{\circ}C$ were more stable than at 27$^{\circ}C$. When M45 and MC07 were treated into soil, the population density of MC07 continuously increased up to 9 days after treatment, and sustained the initial inoculum density up to 60 days. Cucumber damping-offs caused by P. ultimum and R. solani were significantly reduced by applying M45 as seed-inoculant and by soil treatment with MC07. The combined treatment of M45 and MC07 provided greater effect in reducing the disease incidence than that obtained by single treatments.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2018

Yuzu (Citrus junos) gummosis disease, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, was first reported in 1997. As known in citrus, Phytophthora is the most fastidious soil-borne pathogen to control. In order to minimize its damage to Citrus spp., integrated pest management (IPM) approach, including fungicide chemicals and resistant cultivars, is necessary. Therefore, in this study we tried to evaluate tolerance of yuzu cultivars and its related species against yuzu Phytophthora. Trifoliate orange was evaluated as a susceptible host to yuzu Phytophthora by both mycelial growth onto extract media and immature fruit inoculation. However, in zoospores spray-inoculation on 2-year-old cuttings tree, trifoliate orange appeared to have a resistant property as showing less than 6% diseased leaf rate. Among yuzu cultivars only 'Namhae No. 1' appeared resistant property against both P. nicotianae and P. citrophthora. The 'Namhae No. 1' showed 5.7% and 10.6% diseased leaf ratio by P. nicotianae and P. citrophthora, respectively. Clearly, in order to reduce damages caused by two yuzu Phytophthora, we suggest that growers may utilize a trifoliate orange as a rootstock and 'Namhae No. 1' as a scion for fruit production.

• 식물병연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2016

본 연구는 LEDs를 이용한 광질과 광조사 방법이 사과나무를 고사시키는 토양병원균 4종의 균사생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과, P. cactorum KACC40166 (역병균), A. rolfsii KACC40170 (흰비단병균) 및 H. mompa KACC40836 (자주날개무늬병균) 균주는 광조사 방법 간에 차이 없이 대조구와 비교하여 처리 간 10% 이내의 차이로 유사한 균사생장을 보였다. 그렇지만, R. necatrix KACC40168 (흰날개무늬병균) 균주의 균사생장은 광조사 방법 간에 공통으로 대조구와 비교하여 LED 청색광, 청색+녹색 혼합광, 청색+적색 혼합광 및 형광등 조사에서 유의하게 억제되었다. R. necatrix KACC40168 균주의 멜라닌 색소는 광조사 방법과는 상관 없이 LED 녹색광과 형광등 하에서 상대적으로 강하게 발현된 반면에, LED 적색광과 대조구에서는 유도되지 않았다. 더욱이, R. necatrix KACC40168 균주의 균사 폭은 광조사 방법 간에 공통으로 대조구와 비교하여 LED 청색광과 청색+녹색 혼합광에서 유의성 있게 얇아졌다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1985

1. 시설(施設)하우스내(內)에서 피해(被害)가 큰 토양전염성병원균(土壤傳染性病原菌) Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Pythium-debaryanum 6종(種)에 대(對)한 살균(殺菌)에 요(要)하는 처리시간(處理時間)은 $45^{\circ}C$에서 $2{\sim}10$일간(日間), $50^{\circ}C$에서는 4일이내(日以內)이었고 이 중 가장 내성(耐性)이 강한 것은 Fusarium균(菌)과 Pythium균(菌)이었다. 2. 7월(月) 28일(日)${\sim}$8월(月) 18일(日)까지 21일간(日間) house내(內) 일중(日中) 온도변화(溫度變化)는 5cm, 15cm 깊이에서 각각 최고(最高) $57^{\circ}C,\;47^{\circ}C$ 최저(最低) $38^{\circ}C,\;40^{\circ}C$이었고 15cm 깊이에서의 $43^{\circ}C$이상(以上) 지속기간은 12시간정도(時間程度)였다. 3. 턴널은 하우스보다 축열효과(蓄熱效果)가 더 좋았으며 멀칭은 멀칭하지 않은 것보다 $3{\sim}7^{\circ}C$정도(程度)의 승온효과(昇溫效果)가 있었고 단열구(斷熱區)가 무단열구(無斷熱區)보다 $5{\sim}9^{\circ}C$정도(程度) 승온효과(昇溫效果)가 좋았다. 4. 약(約) 60%정도(程度)의 관수(灌水)를 하여준 구(區)에서는 $1{\sim}3^{\circ}C$정도(程度)가 높았다. 5. 매몰병원균(埋沒病原菌)의 살균효과(殺菌效果)는 하우스-턴널-단열구(斷熱區)에서 15cm 깊이까지는 처리(處理) 7일간(日間)에 사멸(死滅)했고 20cm 깊이에서는 Pythium균(菌)과 Fusarium균(菌)을 제외(除外)하고 모두 14일간(日間)에 사멸(死滅)하였다. 6. 최고(最高)에 달(達)했다가 최저(最低)에 이르는 온도(溫度)의 반복적(反復的)인 파동(波動)이 있는 것에서 없는 것보다 단시간(短時間)에 사멸(死滅)하였다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)에서 볼 때 하기고온기(夏期高溫期)의 재배(栽培) 휴한기(休閑期)에 PVC film을 사용(使用)하여 하우스를 밀폐(密閉)하거나 턴널을 만들어서 태양열(太陽熱)을 이용(利用)한 토양소독(土壤消毒)의 가능성(可能性)이 충분(充分)히 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1995

This study was to investigate an effective biological control of forage diseases and provide a basic data and a model in improving variety of antagonistic bacteria, with growth promoting effect on forage, through cell fusion. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The antagonistic himbacterium against soil-borne phathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani was isolated from continuous cropping himsphere soil of forage, and its biological and physiological characteristics were investigated. This bacterium was identified as Bacillus subrilis and named BS 101. Another strain for cell fusion was Bacillus thur ingiensis ssp. kurstaki HD-I(BT 37669) with insecticidal crystal. 2. The auxotropic mutants of BS 101 and BT 37669 were derived after mutagenesis using N-methyl-N'nitro- Nitrosoguanidine(NTG) to give amino acid requirement marker. n e s e auxotropic mutants of BS 101 and BT 37669 were named BS 1013(his-) and BT 69(asp-), respectively. 3. The best protoplast requirement was obtained using DM 3 medium, containing 5% casamino acid, 1 M $MgCI_2$ and 2% bovine semm albumin, to give Fusant 3, 7 and 8. BT toxin gene was not identified with fusants by Southern blotting. However, SDS-PAGE analysis of strains showed various protein patterns among fusants. 4. From the dark culture experiment, growth of forage in inoculated soil with antagonistic bacteria was delayed than that of non-inoculated soil with antagonistic bacteria in each continuous cropping soil and in each sterilized soil. On the other hand, growth duration of forage was different between continuous cropping soil and sterilized soil. 5. Seed germination of Alfalfa, Italian ryegrass and Orchardgrass were significantly improved by inoculation of antagonistic bacteria(p< 0.05).

• 식물병연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.198-201
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• 2016

최근 충북지방의 사과과원에서 사과나무 고사가 심각한 피해를 주고 있다. 본 연구는 2013-2015년까지 충북지방 사과과원에서 발생한 사과나무의 고사율 및 고사 원인별로 조사하였다. 충북 9개 시 군 27개 사과과원에서 조사한 29,265주 중에서 13.7%인 4,000주가 고사하였다. 고사 원인별로는 전체 고사의 50.4%는 역병에 의해, 27.1%는 자주날개무늬병, 10%는 설치류, 그리고 6.3%는 각각 흰날개무늬병과 동해에 의해 발생했다. 1995년과 2006년에 보고된 결과와 비교했을 때 최근에 역병의 발생이 크게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 그 이유는 재배기간 동안의 고온과 논을 이용한 재배면적의 증가 때문으로 생각한다. 충북지방의 지역별로 고사율과 고사 원인이 달랐다. 본 연구결과는 최근 심각한 피해를 주는 사과나무 고사에 대한 대책을 수립하는데 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2013

In agro-ecosystems worldwide, some of the most important and devastating diseases are caused by soil-borne necrotrophic fungal pathogens, against which crop plants generally lack genetic resistance. However, plants have evolved approaches to protect themselves against pathogens by stimulating and supporting specific groups of beneficial microorganisms that have the ability to protect either by direct inhibition of the pathogen or by inducing resistance mechanisms in the plant. One of the best examples of protection of plant roots by antagonistic microbes occurs in soils that are suppressive to take-all disease of wheat. Take-all, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, is the most economically important root disease of wheat worldwide. Take-all decline (TAD) is the spontaneous decline in incidence and severity of disease after a severe outbreak of take-all during continuous wheat or barley monoculture. TAD occurs worldwide, and in the United States and The Netherlands it results from a build-up of populations of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG)-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. during wheat monoculture. The antibiotic 2,4-DAPG has a broad spectrum of activity and is especially active against the take-all pathogen. Based on genotype analysis by repetitive sequence-based-PCR analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism of phlD, a key 2,4-DAPG biosynthesis gene, at least 22 genotypes of 2,4-DAPG producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. have been described worldwide. In this review, we provide an overview of G. graminis var. tritici, the take-all disease, Pseudomonas biocontrol agents, and mechanism of disease suppression.