• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.157-181
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• 2020

Sediments from rivers, lakes and marine ports serve as end points for pollutants discharged into the water, and at the same time serve as sources of pollutants that are continuously released into the water. Until now, the contaminated sediments have been landfilled or dumped at sea. Landfilling, however, was expensive and dumping at sea was completely banned due to the London Convention. Therefore, this study applied contaminated sedimentation soil of 'Royal Palace Livestock Complex' as soil purification method. Soil remediation methods were applied to pretreatment, composting, soil washing, electrokinetics, and thermal desorption by selecting overseas application cases and domestically applicable application technologies. As a result of surveying the site for pollutant characteristics, Disolved Oxigen (DO), Suspended Solid (SS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorus (TP) exceeded the discharged water quality standard, and especially SS, COD, TN, and TP exceeded the standard several tens to several hundred times. Soil showed high concentrations of copper and zinc, which promote the growth of pig feed, and cadmium exceeded 1 standard of Soil Environment Conservation Act. In the pretreatment technology, hydrocyclone was used for particle size separation, and the fine soil was separated by more than 80%. Composting was performed on organic and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) contaminated soils. TPH was treated within the standard of concern, and E. coli was analyzed to be high in organic matter, and the fertilizer specification was satisfied by applying the optimum composting conditions at 70℃, but the organic matter content was lower than the fertilizer specification. As a result of continuous washing test, Cd has 5 levels of residual material in fine soil. Cu and Zn were mostly composed of ion exchange properties (stage 1), carbonates (stage 2), and iron / manganese oxides (stage 3), which facilitate easy separation of contamination. As a result of applying acid dissolution and multi-stage washing step by step, hydrochloric acid, 1.0M, 1: 3, 200rpm, 60min was analyzed as the optimal washing factor. Most of the contaminated sediments were found to satisfy the Soil Environmental Conservation Act's standards. Therefore, as a result of the applicability test of this study, soil with high heavy metal contamination was used as aggregate by applying soil cleaning after pre-treatment. It was possible to verify that it was efficient to use organic and oil-contaminated soil as compost Maturity after exterminating contaminants and E. coli by applying composting.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.492-506
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• 2019

Heavy metal contaminants in the shooting range are mostly present in a warhead circle or a metal fragment present as a particle, these fine metal particles are weathered for a long period of time is very likely that the surface is present as an oxide or carbon oxide. In particular, lead which is a representative contaminant in the shooting range soil, is present as more fine particles because it increases the softness and is stretched well. Therefore, by physical washing experiment, we conducted a degree analysis, concentration of heavy metals by cubic diameter, composition analysis of metallic substances, and assessment of applicability of gravity, magnetism and floating selection. The experimental results FESEM analysis and the measurement results lead to the micro-balance was confirmed thatthe weight goes outless than the soil ofthe same size in a thinly sliced and side-shaped structure according to the dull characteristics it was confirmed that the high specific gravity applicability. In addition, the remediation efficiency evaluation results using a hydrocyclone applied to this showed a cumulative remediation efficiency of 71%,twice 80%, 3 times 91%. On the other hand, magnetic sifting showed a low efficiency of 17%,floating selection -35mesh (0.5mm)target soil showed a relatively high efficiency to 39% -10mesh (2mm) efficiency was only 16%. The target treatment diameter of soil washing should be 2mm to 0.075mm, which is applied to the actual equipment by adding an additional input classification, which would require management as additional installation costs and processes are constructed. As a result, it is found that the soilremediation of shooting range can be separately according to the size of the warhead. The size is larger than the gravel diameter to most 5.56mm, so it is possible to select a specific gravity using a high gravity. However, the contaminants present in the metal fragments were found to be processed by separating using a hydrocyclone of the soil washing according to the weight is less than the soil of the same particle size in a thinly fragmented structure.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.455-465
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• 2001

Assessing soil removal is of interest to the washing machine industry because of government-mandated energy savings and changes in detergent formulation and consumer laundry practices. We designed this study to examine the laundry process from a holistic perspective by integrating factors perceived to be of importance. Our purpose was to assess the impact of selected variables (fabric and soil type, wash temperature and time. detergent amount, and degree of agitation) on soil removal using accelerated laundry conditions. We used the Taguchi method to develop the research design and ANOVA to analyze the data. Although soil removal was affected by fabric type, soil type, type and amount of detergent, degree of agitation, wash time and temperature, and water hardness and volume, wash temperature was the most significant variable.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.670-676
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• 2011

Artificially metal-contaminated soils have been widely used for lab-scale soil washing and soil toxicity experiments. The artificial soil contamination methods consist of 1) first equilibrating soils with heavy metal solution, 2) filtrating or centrifuging soils from the mixture and 3) finally drying the soils. However, some of those artificially contaminated soil experiments have not clearly shown that the soils were thoroughly rinsed with water prior to conducting experiments. This study investigated the amount of heavy metal release from the artificially metal-contaminated soil by pre-water-rinsing. Three different artificially metal-contaminated soil preparation methods were first evaluated with Cd and Pb concentrations of soil. Then, this study investigated the effect of pre-water-rinsing on the Cd and Pb concentration of the artificially contaminated soil. Heavy metal concentrations of the soil produced by equilibrating and drying the metal solution-soil were significantly reduced by pre-water-rinsing. The results of the study implied that experimental results would be significantly distorted when the artificially heavy metal-contaminated soils were not thoroughly water-rinsed prior to conducting experiments. Therefore, the initial heavy metal concentration of the artificially contaminated soil should be determined after thoroughly rinsing the soil that was previously obtained through the adsorption and dry stages.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.260-263
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• 2002

이 연구는 과량의 유분(dodecane)으로 오염된 토양을 효율적으로 정화시키기 위한 화학적 토양세정(soil flushing)에서 알코올 성분에 의한 유동성을 고찰한 것이다. 탄소수가 다른 알코올 (methanol, ethanol, butanol)과 Tween-80 계면활성제를 세정용액으로 사용하여 혼합비, 조용매 종류 및 체류시간에 따른 세정결과를 도시하였다. 조용매 사용시 세척효율은 최대 94%(Butanol/Tween-80(w/w)=0.1) 이었다. 체류시간의 연장은 재흡착되는 admicelle의 증가로 말미암아 세정효율을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.63-74
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• 2022

In analyzing heavy metals in soil samples, the standard protocol established by Korean Minstry of Environment (KSTM) requires two different pretreatments (A and B) based on soil particle size. Soil particles < 0.15 mm in diameter after sieving are directly processed into acid extraction (method A). However, if the quantity of soil particles < 0.15 mm are not enough, grinding of the particles within 0.15 mm ~ 2 mm is required (method B). Grinding is often needed for some field samples, especially for the soil samples retrieved from soil washing process that contain relatively large-sized soil grains. In this study, two soil samples with different particle size distribution were prepared and analyzed for heavy metals concentrations using two different pretreatment to investigate the effect of grinding. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations tend to increase with the increase of the fraction of small-sized particles. In comparison of the two pretreatments, pretreatment A yielded higher heavy metal concentration than pretreatment B, indicating significant influence of grinding on analytical results. This results suggest that the analytical values of heavy metals in soil samples obtained by KSTM should be taken with caution and carefully reviewed.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 1997

Laboratory tests were performed to desorb organic contaminants spiked onto soil particles by using surfactants. Nonionic and anionic surfactants were tested as potential desorbing solvents for extracting quinoline and 2-napthol adsorbed on soil particles. Ahionisc stirfactant remediated approximately 80% and 90% of quinoline and 2-napthol respectively and appeared to be more effective than nonionic surfactant in remediating those compounds, Comparison between simple deionized water washing of the organic contaminated soil and a given surfactant technique evaluated the improvement by the application of a Burfactant to the promotion of desorption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1979

Many researches have found that the anionic surfactants are effective when the anionic soil is attached to the cotton fabrics. However, this research investigated the relationship of the super soil removal and surfactants when the anionic and cationic soil was attached to the cationic cotton fabrics. The result is that the cationic surfactants are vary effective for soil removal in the cationic cotton fabrics. The processing and nature of cationic cotton fabrics are treated and investigated as follows: Cotton fabrics are heated in the presence of ethylenimine and acetic acid dissolved in benzene to contain a significant amount of fixed nitrogen. Some polymer was formed but removal by washing with benzene and water. The optinium molor ratio of acid-to-ethylenimine seemed to be in the range 1: 10. The treated cotton fabrics dyed with acid Orange II dyes, and nitrogen content in the treated cotton fabrics were determined by the Kjeldahl method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.4 no.1_2
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• pp.43-48
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• 1980

The effect of free fatty acid in fatty soil on the detergency of particulate soil was investigated. Cotton lawn fabric was soiled with the mixture of polmitic acid, hydrogenated fat, paraffin oil and iron oxide black altering the contents of palmitic acid and was laundered with different sur-fastants under various temperature and alkalinity. The rate of soil removal was estimated by means of the spectoometic analysis of iron on the fabric before and after washing. The results of dergency were compared those obtained by reflactance and K/S value from Kubelka-Munk equation which were derived from reflactance measurements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.97-99
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 디젤로 오염된 토양을 효율적으로 정화하기 위해, 알칼리제와 과산화수소를 이용하는 새로운 방식의 토양세척기법에 대하여 일련의 회분식 실험을 통하여 최적의 운전조건을 검토하고자 하였다. 알칼리제인 NaOH를 이용하여 세척수의 pH를 상승시켜, 강알칼리 상태에서 과산화수소를 주입하면 미세기포가 발생되며, 이 미세기포에 의해 토양에 흡착되어 있는 유류 오염물질이 효과적으로 탈착.부상된다. #60(0.25mm) 이하의 자연토양을 6,500 mg TPH/kg dry soil로 오염시켜 사용하였으며, 세척수의 pH, 진탕비(토양 중량 : 세척용액 부피), 과산화수소 주입량, 세척시간에 의한 영향을 살펴보았다. 세척수의 pH는 12, 진탕비는 1:5, 과산화수소 주입량은 1%, 세척시간은 1시간으로 적용한 결과 최대효율(60%)을 얻을 수 있었다.