• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
• /
• pp.1073-1087
• /
• 1993

Many investigations have been carried out concerning tillage tool performance, including energy requirement . Since the performance of tillage could also be evaluated through the change of soil , then it is necessary to investigate the soil cutting process and the pattern of soil failure. This study was conducted using indoor soil bin, STILT (Soil Tillage Tool Interaction) system. The result shows that the soil bin experiments could provide the clear understandings about phenomena of soil failure. The movement of sil , the successive failures was clearly visualized. The relations between the horizontal and vertical forces to the linear motion blade, the shear force on the shear plane which devides soil layer into several segments were indicated by the fluctuation/vibration of the recorded resistance and forces. The results show that the horizontal force(Fx) and vertical force (Fz) develope their frequencies as the change of velocity of blade (10, 20, 40 mm/sec) for each cutting angle (35, 45, 60 degrees). Resultant force of Fx and Fz are much influenced by the cutting angle.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.573-592
• /
• 2011

Comprehensive and accurate analysis of a finite foundation beam is a challenging engineering problem and an important subject in foundation design. One of the limitation of the traditional Winkler elastic foundation model is that the model neglects the effect of the interface resistance between the beam and the underneath foundation soil. By taking the beam-soil interface resistance into account, a deformation governing differential equation for a finite beam resting on the Winkler elastic foundation is developed. The coupling effect between vertical and horizontal displacements is also considered in the presented method. Using Galerkin method, semi-analytical solutions for vertical and horizontal displacements, axial force, shear force and bending moment of the beam under symmetric loads are presented. The influences of the interface resistance on the behavior of foundation beam are also investigated.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제33권11호
• /
• pp.1332-1340
• /
• 2009

The front end wheel loader is widely used for the loading of materials in mining and construction fields. It has repetitive digging, loading and dumping procedures. The bucket is subjected to large resistance force from the soil during scooping. We considered the soil reaction force characteristics from scooping procedure, the protection by overload and automatic scooping mode algorithm. The main topic of this paper is the analysis of the soil reaction force characteristics. The analysis of soil mechanics is carried out and the developed soil model is verified by experimental results from the simplified experimental equipment. A simplified model of the soil shape and bucket trajectory is used to determine the scooping direction based on an estimation of the resistance force applied on the bucket during the scooping motion. In the future, this model will be used for the generation of an appropriate path for the wheel loader automation.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제33권7호
• /
• pp.5-16
• /
• 2017

쏘일 네일링 공법은 비탈면 안정을 위해 네일의 인발 및 전단저항력을 이용하여 비탈면을 보강하는 가장 일반적인 공법이다. 국내의 쏘일 네일링 설계법은 인발저항만을 고려하고 전단저항에 대한 고려가 충분히 이루어지고 있지 않다. 네일의 경우 인장응력에 의한 효과가 지배적이나 원호파괴가 일어나는 비탈면의 경우 전단응력까지 고려하여 설계하는 것이 바람직하다. 최근 지반분야에서 네일의 전단저항 효과에 관한 연구들도 진행되고 있다. 하지만 아직까지는 쏘일 네일링의 전단보강 효과에 관한 연구는 많이 이루어지고 있지 않은 실정이다. 대부분이 네일의 재료, 형상, 시공방법 등의 개선을 통한 인발저항 증대에 관한 연구이다. 따라서 쏘일 네일링의 전단저항에 대한 연구 및 전단력을 증대시킬 수 있는 새로운 공법개발이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 이형철근 외측에 패커를 설치한 후 가압식 그라우팅을 통해 돌기를 형성함으로써 전단저항력을 증대시킬 수 있는 새로운 쏘일 네일링 공법에 대하여 대형전단시험 및 한계평형해석을 수행하였다. 연구결과 돌기네일의 전단저항력은 일반네일에 비해 향상되였으며, 강도정수가 큰 지반에 적용하였을 때 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.273-286
• /
• 2020

The pile group foundation is widely used for gravity pier of high-speed railway bridges in China. If a moderate or strong earthquake occurs, the pile-surrounding soil will exhibit obvious nonlinearity and significant pile group effect. In this study, an improved pushover analysis model for the pile group foundation with consideration of pile group effect is presented and validated by the quasi-static test. The improved model uses simplified springs to simulate the soil lateral resistance, side friction and tip resistance. PM (axial load-bending moment) plastic hinge model is introduced to simulate the impact of the axial force changing of pile group on their elastic-plastic characteristics. The pile group effect is considered in stress-stain relations of the lateral soil resistance with a reduction factor. The influence factors on nonlinear characteristics and plastic hinge distribution of the pile group foundation are discussed, including the pier height, longitudinal reinforcement ratio and stirrup ratio of the pile, and soil mechanical parameters. Furthermore, the displacement ductility factor, resistance increase factor and yielding stiffness ratio are provided to evaluate the seismic performance of soil-pile system. A case study for the pile group foundation of a railway simply supported beam bridge with a 32 m-span is conducted by numerical analysis. It is shown that the ultimate lateral force of pile group is not determined by the yielding force of the single one in these piles. Therefore, the pile group effect is essential for the seismic performance evaluation of the railway bridge with pile group foundation.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.31-48
• /
• 1987

지중에 매설된 관에는 관위의 흙무게나 지표면상재하중으로 인하여 연직견력이 작용하며, 지진이나 불등침하등으로 인하여 상향하중이 작용하는 경우도 있다. 본 연구에서는 Marston-Spangler이론을 새로운 방법으로 분석하여 관위의 흙무게로 인해 매설권에 작용하는 압력에 관하여 검토하였고, 매설연성관에 대한 재하실험을 실시하여 지표면상재하중으 로 인한 매설관의 거동특성을 연구하였다. 또 매설관의 인발저항(uplifting resistance)이론의 검토와 상향인발실험을 통하여 최대인발저항을 구하는 방법 등을 연구하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
• /
• pp.1406-1416
• /
• 2008

Soil nailing is used as a method of slope stabilization and excavation support. The design method of soil nail are based on experience or assumption of interaction between soil and reinforcement. Most design methods simply considers the tension of reinforcement for analysis of slope stabilization. Soil nails interact with soils under combined loading of shear and tension. Jewell & Pedley(1990) suggested a design equation of shear force with bending stiffness and discussed that the magnitude of the maximum shear force is small in comparison with the maximum axal force. However, they have used a very conservative limiting bearing stress on nails. This paper discusses that the shear strength of soil nails should not be disregarded with proper bearing stresses on nails. The modified FHWA design method was proposed by considering shear forces on nails with bending stiffness.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2007

양단정착형 네일의 인발력을 평가하기 위하여 여러 조건에 대한 현장실험을 실시하였다. 현장인발시험은 연암, 풍화암 및 토사지반를 대상으로 인발력, 변위 및 그라우트와 네일의 마찰력 등을 측정하였으며, 이의 결과를 동일 조건에서 실시된 일반네일의 시험결과와 비교하였다. 시험결과 한계인발력은 양단정착형네일이 일반네일에 비하여 토사지반에서는 2배 이상, 풍화암에서는 약 1.6배 큰 것으로 분석되었으며, 단위길이당 주면마찰력도 양단정착형네일이 일반네일에 비하여 약 1.8~3배정도 증대되는 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 네일종류에 따른 하중전이특성 분석결과 양단정착형네일의 경우에는 변위는 작고, 네일 전 길이에 걸쳐 하중을 균등하게 부담함을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.344-350
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study is to develop design equations to calculate optimum specifications and dimensions such as weight, engine horsepower, etc. of the tractor necessary to perform stable rotary tillage. The main results of this study are as follows. 1. A wheel-lug ought to receive a special resistance in downward direction which resists the lug's upward motion on wet sticky soil surface. The authors introduce a new academic name of the "lift resistance(上昇抵抗力, 상승저항력)" for such a force which resists retraction of a wheel lug from the soil in the upward trochoidal motion. This force is composed of the frictional force acting on the trailing and the leading lug side, and the "perpendicular adhesion(鉛直付着力, 연직부착력)" acting on the lug face and the undertread face on adhesive soil. 2. The "lift resistance ratio(上昇抵抗力係數, 상승저항력계수)" and the "perpendicular adhesion ratio(鉛直付着力係數, 연직부착력계수)" were defined, which are something similar to the definition of the motion resistance ratio, the traction coefficient, etc. 3. The design equation of the optimum weight of a rotary tiller mounted on the tractor derived by calaulating the forces acting on the rotary blades. 4. The design equations to calculate optimum specifications and dimensions such as weight, engine horsepower, etc. of the tractor necessary to perform stable rotary tillage were derived. It becomes clear that the optimum weight of a rotary tiller and a tractor can be estimated in planning design by means of putting about 21 design factors of the target into the equation. These equations are useful for planning design to estimate the optimum dimensions and specifications of a rotary tiller as well as a tractor by the use of known and/or unknown design parameters.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 1977

This experiment was conducted in order to find out the drawing performance of a two-wheel tractor under different levels of the soil moisture and hardness, so as to obtain some basic data for improving their drawing performance. With fairly homogeneous soil, 5 levels of soil moisture contents (8, 13, 17, 20 and 23%) and 3 levels of soil hardness (0 , 2 and 4kg/$cm^2$) were selected for this experiment.The summerized results are as follows ;1. The draft force, on the hard soil (hardness ; 4kg/$cm^2$), had a distinct tendency to decrease with the increasing soil moisture. On the medium soil (hardness ; 2 kg/$cm^2$), and the soft soil (hardness ; 0kg$cm^2$), the draft force showed the highest when the moisture contents were within the range of 16-19%.But the maximum draft force, on the soft soil, was higher than that on the medium soil by 10 %. 2. The driving axle torque increased with increasing soil by 10 %. 3.The values of horizontal distance between the soil reaction point and axle shaft were within the range of 0~10cm , and it had the tendency to increase with the increasing soil moisture. Also, it s value was the largest on the hard soil and the smallest on the soft soil. 4.The tractive efficiency decreased with the increasing soil moisture. On the hard soil, the average value of tractive efficiency was higher than that on the medium soil by 19.0% and that on the soft soil was lower than that on the medium soil. 5.The traction ratio were within the range of 30 ~45%, and their changing tendency with respect to the soil moisture was similar to that in the case of the draft force. 6. The travel resistance ratio tended to increased with increasing soil moisture, and the highest value was found on the soft soil, and the lowest on the hard soil.