• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.29-34
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to prevent spreading of contaminants from movement of underground water by creating a barrier using artificial freezing method on a soil contaminated by oils and various DNAPLs. Specimens with 80% and 90% degrees of saturation were prepared to form freezing barrier using artificial freezing method. As the results of freezing specimen within soil bin with artificial ground freezing system, artificial contaminated soil cut off wall formed the thinnest wall after 12 hours. It is judged that this cut off wall will control the second soil pollution by intercepting expansion and movement of pollutants and DNAPLs within artificial contaminated soil cut off wall by underground water, intercepting inflow or outflow of underground water. Cut off walls formed by artificial ground freezing system had each other freezing speed according to degree of saturation.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.28-34
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• 2020

Nitrate released from chemical fertilizer, animal wastes, and synthetic detergents can cause methemoglobinemia to infants, thus the standard in drinking water is set to 10 mg/L as World Health Organization recommended. In this study, zero-valent iron-modified rice straw biochar was used to reduce and remove nitrate in the aqueous phase. The rice straw biochar was prepared by pyrolyzing the biomass at 700℃ for 3 hours, and the biochar was modified using 1 M Fe(III), and the Fe(III) on the biochar was reduced to zero-valent iron using sodium borohydride. The modified biochar removed nitrate effectively, which removed more than 91% of nitrate. For the synthetic groundwater, the nitrate removal was lowered to 82% due to the presence of other anions.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2022

The deformation coordination between a rock/soil mass and an optical sensing cable is an important issue for accurate deformation monitoring. A stress-controlled triaxial apparatus was retrofitted by introducing an optical fiber into the soil specimen. High spatial resolution optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) was used for monitoring the strain distribution along the axial direction of the specimen. The results were compared with those measured by a displacement meter. The strain measured by the optical sensing cable has a good linear relationship with the strain calculated by the displacement meter for different confining pressures, which indicates that distributed optical fiber sensing technology is feasible for soil deformation monitoring. The performance of deformation coordination between the sensing cable and the soil during unloading is higher than that during loading based on the strain transfer coefficients. Three hypothetical strain distributions of the triaxial specimen are proposed, based on which theoretical models of the strain transfer coefficients are established. It appears that the parabolic distribution of specimen strain should be more reasonable by comparison. Nevertheless, the strain transfer coefficients obtained by the theoretical models are higher than the measured coefficients. On this basis, a strain transfer model considering slippage at the interface of the sensing cable and the soil is discussed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate experimentally the effect of three factors(dynamic load, inflation pressure and number of passes of tire) on soil compaction under the tire. The experiment were conducted with a 6.00R14 radial-ply tire for sandy loam soil using soil bin system. To evaluate the effect of three factors on soil compaction under the tire, the sinkage. density and volume of soil under the tire were measured fur the three levels of dynamic load(1.17kN, 2.35kN and 3.53kN), for the three levels of tire inflation pressure(103.42kPa, 206.84kPa and 413.67kPa), and for three different number of passes(1, 3 and 5). The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. As dynamic load, inflation pressure and number of passes of the tire increased, soil sinkage and density increased. and volume of soil decreased. Thus increase in dynamic load, inflation pressure and number of passes of the tire would increase soil compaction. 2. The effect of tire inflation pressure on sinkage. density and volume of soil under the tire was relatively less than that of the dynamic load. Therefore, it was concluded that dynamic load was more important factor affecting soil compaction in comparison to the inflation pressure of tire. 3. The effect of three different factors on sinkage, density and volume of soil decreased as the soil depth increase. Consequently, it was fecund that soil compaction at a shallow depth in soil was larger than that at deep place in soil.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.104-115
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• 1989

In an effort to clarify the wetted patterns of sandy loam soil under trickle irrigation conditions, the distance of wetted zone, infiltration capacity and soil wetted patterns, etc. were measured by gypsum block as soil moisture sensor located every 5 cm vertically and horizontaly in the soil bin under the such conditions as a). irrigation rates set to 2, 4, 6, 8 liters per hour b). total amount of water applied fixed to 14.62 liters per soil bin c) the hearing force of soil measured by plate penetrometer ranging from 1.04 to 1.22kg/cm$_2$ The results can be summarized as follows ; 1. The wetted distance in horizontal direction(H), the wetted distance in vertical direction(D), the horizontal infiltration capacity (iH) and the vertical infiltration capacity(in)could by explained as a function of time t. 2. The horizontal wetted distance (H) is explained by an exponetial function H= a$.$ t where b was found ranging from 021 to 026 under surface trickle irrigation, which was considered a lotlower than the classical value of 0.5 and these measurements were indifferent to the increasing irrigation rates. 3. As for the surface trickle irrigation where horizontal infiltration capacity(iH) is explained as iH = A $.$ t h, the coefficient A increases with respect to irrigation rates within the limits of 0.89~1.34. 4. In terms of surface trickle irrigation of the ratio of Dm Which is maximum vertical wetted distance to Hm, which is maximum horizontal wetted distance, found to be within range of 1.0 to 1.21. It was also noted that the value of Dm decreses when irrigation rates increases while the value of Hm changes the opposite direction. 5. The optimum location of sensors from emitter for surface trickle irrigation should he inside of hemisphere whose lateral radius is 28~30cm long and vertical radius is 10~12cm long. The distance between emitters should be within 60cm long. 6. In the study of vertical wetted distance( D) where D= a $.$ tb, the exponential coefficient b ranged from 0.61 to 0.75 in surface trickle irrigation, and from 0A9 to 0.68 for subsurface trickle irrigation. These measurements showed an increasing tendency to with respect to irrigation rates. 7. In case of vertical infiltration capacity( in), where iD= A $.$ t 1-h, the coefficient A for surface trickle irrigation found to be within range of 0.16 to 0.19 and did not show any relationships with varying degree of irrigation rates. However, the coefficient was varying from 0.09 to 0.22 and showed a tendency to increase vis-a-vis irrigation rates for subsurface trickle irrigation, in contrast. 8. In the observation of subsurface trickle irrigation, it was found that Dm/Hm ratio was within 1.52 to 1.91 and showed a decreasing tendency with respect to increasing rates of irrigation. 9. The location of sensors for subsurface trickle irrigation follows same pattern as above, with vertical distance from emitter being 10~17cm long and horizontal 22~25cm long. The location of emitter should be 50 cm. 10.The relationship between VS which is the volume of wetted soil and Q which is the total amount of water when soil is reached field capacity could be explained as VS= 2.914Q0.91and the irrigation rates showed no impacts on the above relationship.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.10-17
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• 2022

Inorganic acids such as HCl, HNO₃, and H₂SO₄ have been commonly applied to soil washing of heavy metals-contaminated soil due to their cost-effectiveness. However, implementing the 'Chemical Substance Control Act' requires off-site risk assessment of the chemicals used in the soil washing. Therefore, in this study, organic acids or Fe(III)-based washing agents were evaluated to replace commonly used inorganic acids. Ferric removed heavy metals via H⁺ generated by hydrolysis, which is similar to the HCl used in the control group. Oxalic acid and citric acid were effective to remove Cu, Zn, and Cd from soil. Organic acids could not remove Pb because they could form Pb-organic acid complexes with low solubility. Furthermore, Pb could be adsorbed onto the iron-organic acid complex on the soil surface. Ferric could remove exchangeable-carbonate, Fe-Mn hydroxide, and organic matter and sulfides bound heavy metals (F1, F2, and F3). Organic acids could remove the exchangeable-carbonate and Fe-Mn hydroxide bound metals (F1&F2). Therefore, this research shows that the fractionation of heavy metals in the soil and the properties of washing agents should be considered in the selection of agents in the process design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.247-248
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• 2011

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.301-302
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• 2011

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2008

The tillage depth control system is one of the most salient control system of tractor implements. A contact-type height sensor was developed to measure ground clearance for the tillage depth control. The height sensor was fabricated in this study, and its efficacy in a tillage depth control system was evaluated. Experiments were conducted in order to determine both static and dynamic detection characteristics of the height sensor using soil bin system on the sampled soil (sandy loam, sand, clay loam). The results of the static detection characteristics showed that in the case, sandy loam soil despite and clay loam soil at a wet basis moisture content of 30%, large measurement errors were observed a due to penetration of a plastic puck into the sampled soil. The results of the dynamic detection characteristics showed that the height sensor detected the distance from the ground of sandy loam soil despite the uneven nature of the ground surface and the changes in traveling speed $1km/h{\sim}5km/h$ at a wet basis moisture content of 10%.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.1282-1288
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• 2020

In the first study, the Radon emanation and radiological hazards associated with radionuclides in soil samples, collected from 9 various date palm farms located in 3 different districts in Saudi Arabia were determined through a high purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometer. The estimated average values of Radon emanation coefficient and Radon mass exhalation rate for soil samples were 0.535 ± 0.016 and 50.063 ± 7.901 mBqkg^-1h^-1, respectively. The annual effective dose of radionuclides in all sampling locations was found to be lower than UNSCEAR's recommended level of 0.07 mSvy^-1 for soil in an outdoor environment. In the secondary study, gross α and gross β activities in soil and date palm pits samples were measured by a low background α/β counting system. Average values of gross α and gross β activities in soil and date palm pits samples were 5.761 ± 0.360 Bqkg^-1, 38.219 ± 8.619 Bqkg^-1 and 0.556 ± 0.142 Bqkg^-1, 24.266 ± 1.711 Bqkg^-1, respectively.