• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.5
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• pp.1121-1133
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• 2020

Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPTs) are uncommon, mass-forming lesions, predominantly involving the lung and orbit. Although the incidence of IPTs is rare in the abdomen and pelvis, they can be encountered as enhancing, soft-tissue lesions, mimicking malignancy or fibrosclerosing disease. Generally, they exhibit a wide range of nonspecific imaging features in various organs. Preoperative imaging diagnosis of IPTs in appropriate clinical settings may help determine proper patient management. In this article, we review radiologic findings of IPTs in the abdominopelvic cavity, including the liver, spleen, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, mesentery, pelvis, and retroperitoneum.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2011

The edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi is a commercially important fisheries resource in Korea. However, for the last several years, outbreaks of mass mortalities of the species have been occurring along the south and east coasts of Korea, where most ascidians are produced. Although it is known that tunic-softness syndrome is associated with these mortality events, the agent causing the syndrome has not yet been confirmed. To determine the agent causing tunic-softness syndrome, healthy and diseased ascidians were collected in March 2011 from Tongyeong, on the south coast of Korea, and were used for biological and pathological investigations. The results showed that diseased ascidians exhibited remarkably reduced body fluid, fatness index, and tunic index compared with healthy specimens. Interestingly, bi-flagellated protozoans were observed specifically in the tissue imprints and tunic cultures of diseased ascidians at an occurrence rate of 97.5%. Histological observation showed that the thickness of the tunics of diseased ascidians was reduced by half, and irregular structure and breakdown of the tunic fiber bundles were observed. In particular, flagellate-like cells were observed in the diseased ascidians. Our study clearly shows that bi-flagellated protists are present only in the softened ascidians, suggesting that the flagellates are partly or entirely associated with soft-tunic syndrome. Accordingly, further investigations to verify the effects of the flagellates found in the present study on soft-tunic syndrome should be conducted.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 2011

Empyema necessitatis refers to empyema that extends into the extrapleural space through a defect in the pleural surface. Tuberculous empyema necessitatis is a rare complication of tuberculosis. We experienced a 21-month-old boy with tuberculous empyema necessitatis with osteomyelitis in the right $7^{th}$ rib. He presented with a mass on the right lateral chest wall, which was soft and nontender, enlarging for one month. He also had mild fever. The plain radiograph of his chest revealed soft tissue swelling and calcified lymph node on the left axilla, and his PPD skin test was positive. CT scan of the chest showed empyema necessitatis at the right lower chest and upper abdominal walls with osteomyelitis of the right $7^{th}$ rib. He did not have concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis. Surgery was performed for diagnosis and treatment. In histopathologic findings, chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis was shown and was positive for acid fast bacilli stain. In addition, M. tuberculosis complex was found as etiology by polymerase chain reaction. The patient has been treated with anti-tuberculous medication without any specific complication.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was intended to perform a cephalometric comparison between the patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The factors influencing the OSA in the lateral cephalogram were also investigated. Methods: Fifty patients who had visited the Sleep Disorder Clinic at the Ajou University Hospital and evaluated with the polysomnograph (PSG) and cephalogram, were included in the study. The patients had the apnea-hypopnea episode over 5 times per hour (apnea-hypopnea index $[AHI]{\geq}5$) were diagnosed as OSA after the overnight PSG. To evaluate the hard and soft tissue profiles, the cephalometric radiograms were taken at the maximal intercuspation. The correlation between the patient's age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and AHI was inspected in the OSA and control group. The difference between the OSA and control group was evaluated (Mann-Whitney U Test). The cephalometric influencing factors to OSA were analyzed (Pearson's correlation coefficient) statistically using SPSS statistics. Results: The OSA Group had a significantly higher BMI than the control group. The mean lower facial height (ANS-Me) was longer in the OSA group; however, statistically significant difference was not detected in the anteroposterior craniofacial measurements. The distance between mandibular plane and hyoid bone of the OSA group was significantly longer than that of the control group. The hyoid position (MP-Hyoid) had a positive correlation between AHI (P<0.001). However, the measurements of oropharyngeal airway were not different between the two groups. The hypothesis, that the antero-posteriorly narrow oropharyngeal airway may aggravate the airway resistance and give rise to a higher AHI, was rejected in the study. Conclusion: We suggest that the lateral cephalogram may be utilized as a useful method to evaluate OSA. The patients with a lower hyoid position can be expected to have higher risks of OSA. However, a comprehensive intraoral inspection, including the soft palate and tonsilar hypertrophy, is emphasized, as the lateral cepahlogram cannot visualize the oropharyngeal status completely.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 2010

Carbondioxide($CO_2$) laser is one of the most widely employed lasers in oral soft tissue surgery because of its excellent affinity for water based soft tissues. It has some inherent advantages such as hemostasis, less postoperative swelling, reduction of bacterial population at surgical site, less need for suturing, less scarring, and less postoperative pain compared to conventional surgical therapies including the use of scalpel, diathermy, cryotherapy and electrosurgery. A 30-years-old male was presented with gingival swelling. Clinical examination revealed a well?defined pedunculated fibrotic mass on the buccal gingiva near right maxillary 1st molar. In radiographic examination, no remarkable abnormality was seen. Excisional biopsy was performed with $CO_2$ laser (continuous wave mode, 4.0W). Histological diagnosis was "Irritation fibroma". $CO_2$ laser has advantages those are suitable for surgical treatment of intraoral lesion. If appropriate training and experience are provided, the dentist would be able to manage intraoral lesions more efficiently and successfully with the use of the $CO_2$ laser.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.438-441
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• 2011

A 7-year-old castrated, domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 2-year history of chronic nasal discharge and sneezing. Upon presentation, bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge and stertorous respiration were marked. Physical examination revealed a tachypnea. Oral examination was unremarkable and chest radiology was normal. Findings of nasal cytology and skull radiology were not specific and further imaging technique, endoscopic examination and histopathology was performed for a definite diagnosis. Fluid, and/or soft tissue opacity was found in bilateral nasal cavity, nasopharyngeal regions and right side tympanic bulla through the CT scan. No evidence of neoplasia was revealed. A rigid rhinoscopy, flexible bronchoscopy and otoscopy was used for the visualization of the lesions and tissue biopsy biopsy was performed for histopathology. On histopathological examination, the nasal mass consisted mainly of large numbers of plasma cells and lymphocytes. And the final diagnosis was lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis based on histopathologic examination. Long term management with oral cyclosporine (5 mg/kg, BID) was safe and successful in this cat. This is the first case report described clinical and diagnostic characteristic features of feline lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis and its clinical outcome using oral cyclosporine in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1365-1371
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• 2000

Objectives : Spinal cord compression is a rare presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL), occurring in 0.1% to 10.2% of patients. Primary spinal extradural NHL, i.e. occurring in the absence of any detectable extraspinal lymphoproliferative disorder, has a potentially favourable outcome if diagnosed and treated early. The authors describe two patients with a clinical picture of acute spinal cord compression as the first presentation of NHL. Methods : The patients were 48-year-old female and 27-year-old female. Both presented with back pain followed by acute paraparesis and voiding difficulty. One patient was diabetic. Plain radiographs of the spine were not specific. Thoracic spine magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) revealed evidence of extradural soft tissue mass extending multiple vertebral segments. Results : The patients underwent emergency laminectomy for decompression and tissue diagnosis. Histological and immunohistochemical study revealed B-cell lymphoma, intermediate grade in both patients. Postoperative staging did not reveal any additional lesions other than extradural manifestation of the malignant lymphoma. Surgery with additional chemotherapy and radiotherapy allowed the clinical improvement of both patients. Conclusion : The authors report two patients with a clinical picture of acute spinal cord compression as the first presentation of NHL, and stress that primary spinal epidural NHL should be a diagnostic consideration in the patient without prior history of malignancy who presents with a prodrome of back pain followed by a rapid neurological deterioration.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.318-324
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• 2009

Background: A diagnosis and treatment of chest wall tuberculosis (CWTB) is both difficult and controversial. The aim of this study was to collect information on the optimal treatment for CWTB. Methods: The clinical features, radiographic findings, and treatment outcomes of 26 patients, who underwent surgery and were diagnosed histopathologically, were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The most common presenting symptom was a palpable mass found in 24 patients (92.3%). In all patients, CT revealed a soft tissue mass that was accompanied by a central low density, with or without peripheral rim enhancement. The sensitivity and specificity of the bone scintigram for bone involvement were 87.5% and 100%, respectively. CWTB was diagnosed preoperatively by aspiration cytology and smear for acid-fast bacilli in five out of 11 patients. Twenty-three patients (88.5%) underwent a radical excision and three underwent incision/drainage or an incisional biopsy. The duration of antituberculous medication was 7.5${\pm}$3.98 months with a follow-up period of 28.2${\pm}$26.74 months. Among the 20 patients who completed their treatment, nine received chemotherapy for six months or less and 11 received chemotherapy for nine months or more. Two patients had a recurrence four and seven months after starting their medication. Conclusion: A 6 month regimen may be appropriate for CWTB patients who have undergone a complete excision.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 1995

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor which is the most prevalent in adolescents and young adults between 10 and 40 years of age. It occurs primarily in the para-articular regions, usually in close association with tendon sheath, bursae and joint capsules. Favorable clinical factors are young age of the patients, tumor size smaller than 5cm, and distal rather than proximal location in the extremities. We analysed clinical findings of 13 cases of synovial sarcoma that had been experienced from January 1983 to December 1992. There were 8 females and 5 males, whose age was averaged as 28 years and 10 months ranging from 6 years to 54 years. The mean follow-up was 3 years(range : 9 months- 9 years 1 month). Palpable mass was frequent clinical symptom and lower extremity especially around the knee was the most prevalent site. Treatment modalities were the combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Distant metastasis occured in 5(38%) cases : 4 cases to lung and 1 case to neck, and 2 cases had local recurrences. At final follow-up 6 cases were continous disease free, 2 alive with disease and 5 died of disease. The Kaplan-Meier's estimated 5 year survival rate of total 13 cases was 66% and satisfactory results were obtained with mass size smaller than 5cm.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.324-335
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• 1979

During the period of 4 years from August 1975 to August 1979 one hundred and forty seven cases of lung cancer were seen at Paik Foundation Hospital in Seoul, Korea. Among these 147 cases, 104 patients had primary carcinoma of the lung and the remainder was metastatic carcinoma to the lung. Among these 104 primary carcinoma patients, 73 cases were proven histologically as primary carcinoma of the lung. There were three cases of alveolar cell carcinoma [Table 1 ]. This clinical observation is based on those 73 cases including three case reports of the alveolar cell carcinoma. 1. Peak incidence was observed in the 5th decade of life. Male to female ratio was 2 to 1 [Fig. 1]. 2. Pathological classifications were as follows: epidermoid carcinoma, 24 cases [32.9%]; undifferentiated carcinoma, 20 cases [27.4%]; adenocarcinoma, 15 cases [20.5%]; bronchioloalveolar carcinoma [5.5%] and positive cytology, 10 cases [13.7%] [Fig. 2]. 3. Evidence of inoperability was observed in 55 patients [75% of the 73 cases] [Table 3]. 4. Among those 73 cases, operability was evaluated in 18 patients or 25%. One patient refused operation and 17 patients [23.6%] were explored. In 11 [15%] out of 17 patients, thoracotomies were performed. Six cases were pneumonectomies and 5 cases were lobectomies or bilobectomies [Fig. 3]. 5. First case of alveolar cell carcinoma was a 46 year-old housewife complaining of cough and hemoptysis for one year. The plain chest X-ray and bronchogram showed characteristic pictures as Figures 4 and 5. A pneumonectomy was carried out. Histologically, a beautiful alveolar carcinoma consisted of the characteristic tall columnar epithelial cells, which were lining the alveolar spaces as seen in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 20. 6. In the second case of 41 year old male, predominant clinical feature was single, well defined mass in the right lower lobe [Fig. 10 and 11] on chest X-ray. Bilobectomized specimen showed fragile, soft and hard tissue containing mucoid secretions and focal yellowish necrosis with pigmentation on cut surface [Fig. 12]. Slides showed tumor cells lined up along the alveolar septa with papillary projections [Fig. 13 and 14]. 7. Third case of alveolar cell carcinoma was a 50-year-old housewife with hemoptysis. An outstanding clinical picture was a round to lobulated mass in the right upper lobe [Fig. 16]. She is living now, 2 years and 1 month post-operatively, but has arrived at terminal stage with military nodular disseminations to the contralateral lung [Fig. 19].