• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.289-292
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• 2010

Purpose: Mycobacterium abscessus belongs to the group of rapid-growing atypical mycobacterium. The organism is ubiquitous and is found in soil, dust, and water. Although it rarely causes disease in humans, Mycobacterium abscessus has been associated with soft tissue infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of facial soft tissue Mycobacterium abscessus infection in a healthy child in Korea. Methods: A 12-year-old girl presented with an erythematous skin lesion with serous discharge on her chin, which had been present for 3 weeks. On her history, she had a laceration wound on her chin at public bath and the lesion was repaired at emergency department immediately. Although conventional soft tissue infecton treatment, her lesion remains unhealed state and had serous discharge for 2 months. Moreover, we found a 1 cm sized nodular mass on her chin. Therefore we performed excision operation and referred the specimen to the laboratory for microbial and histopathologic study. Results: Pathology report confirmed the mass was enlarged lymph node with chronic necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with central microabscess. Non-Tuberculous mycobacterium identification test through tissue specimen resulted Mycobacterium abscessus. We prescribed clarithromycin for three weeks by oral administration as well as performed wound debridement and mass excision via previous wound. This way, her lesion appeared to be complete healing with minimal scarring. There were no evidence of inflammation sign or palpable mass. Conclusion: Although the prevalence is rare, Mycobacterium abscessus infections of soft tissue should be considered even in a healthy child with a lesion caused by trauma or which fails to respond to conventional treatment.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.536-540
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• 2006

Purpose: The soft tissue injuries of the patellar area are difficult problems because of insufficient arterial blood supply and lack of muscle layer. There have been many methods for reconstructing the soft tissue injuries of the patellar area such as primary closure, skin graft, local flap and free tissue transfer. However, each method has some limitations in their application. After the first introduction, the fasciocutaneous flaps are widely used to reconstruct the soft tissue injuries. The saphenous nerve, one of the superficial sensory nerves in the lower leg, is supplied by the saphenous artery and its vascular network. We used the saphenous fasciocutaneous island flap to reconstruct the soft tissue injuries of the patellar area. Methods: From March 2002 to May 2005, we used the saphenous fasciocutaneous island flap to reconstruct the soft tissue injuries of the patellar area. The flap was elevated with saphenous nerve, saphenous vein and saphenous artery and its vascular network. The flap donor site was reconstructed with primary closure or split-thickness skin graft. Results: Five cases survived completely but 1 case developed partial necrosis of the skin on the upper margin of the flap. However, the necrosis was localized on skin layer, and we reconstructed with debridement and split-thickness skin graft only. After the operation, there was no contracture or gait disturbance in any patient. Conclusion: In conclusion, the saphenous fasciocutaneous island flap is safe, comfortable and effective method to reconstruct the soft tissue injuries of the patellar area.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6761-6763
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• 2015

Aims: To investigate the role of swelling anesthesia in repairing facial soft tissue defects after tumor resection and temporal superficial artery frontal branch of narrow pedicle flap. Materials and Methods: From January 2008 to June 2008, 16 patients from Department of Ophthalmology with eye or eyelid tumors after eyeball removal of eye and part resection of surrounding soft tissue, undergoing postoperative swelling anesthesia with superficial temporal artery flap repair to prevent facial soft tissue defect formation and bone exposure, were recruited. Results: In all 16 patients facial soft tissue defect repair had good effects, with limited bleeding, and short operation times. Seven days after surgery, all flaps were in good repair. On postoperative follow-up after 3 months, flaps showed a similar appearance as with facial tissue. Conclusions: Swelling anesthesia for superficial temporoparietal artery frontal branch of narrow pedicle flap to repair soft tissue defect after facial tumor resection is feasible, and is linked with good analgesic effects, high postoperative survival of skin flaps, and good cosmetic effects.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2015

Purpose: The rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (RAM) flap has contributed to the efficient reconstruction of soft tissue defects. The flap has the advantage of easy dissection, minimal donor site morbidity, and the constant vascular anatomy with long pedicle. Authors used the free RAM flap to reconstruct multi-located soft tissue defects while still considering functionality and aesthetics. We present the long-term outcomes and versatility of free RAM flaps. Materials and Methods: From 1994 to 2004, all patients who underwent soft tissue reconstruction with free RAM flap were reviewed retrospectively. The site of the reconstruction, vessels of anastomosis, type of RAM flap, and outcomes, including flap success rate, hospital stay after flap transfer, conduction of secondary procedure, flap complications, and donor-site complications were analyzed. Results: Twenty-one patients underwent 24 free RAM flaps in site of breast, face, upper extremity and lower extremity. Mean follow-up period was 36.1 months (range, 3~156 months). The overall success rate was 92% with only a loss of 2 flaps. Minor complications related to transferred flaps were necrosis of 2 partial flaps, hematoma formation in 3 cases, and a wound infection in 1 case. Donor site morbidity was not observed. Debulking surgery was performed in 4 patients, and scar revision was performed in 3 patients. Conclusion: Free RAM flap is a workhorse flap for general soft-tissue reconstruction with minimal donor site morbidity with aesthetically good results. Thus, the free RAM flaps are versatile, and sturdy for any sites of soft-tissue where reconstruction could be performed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.385-392
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• 2020

Objectives: This study evaluates soft tissue changes of the upper lip and nose after maxillary setback with orthognathic surgery such as Le Fort I or anterior segmental osteotomy. Materials and Methods: All 50 patients with bimaxillary protrusion and skeletal Class II malocclusion underwent Le Fort I or anterior segmental osteotomy with backward movement. Soft and hard tissue changes were analyzed using cephalograms collected preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Results: Cluster analysis on the ratios shows that 2 lines intersected at 4 mm point. Based on this point, we divided the subjects into 2 groups: Group A (less than 4 mm, 27 subjects) and Group B (more than 4 mm, 23 subjects). Also, each group was divided according to changes of upper incisor angle (≥4°=A1, B1 or <4°=A2, B2). The correlation between A and B groups for A'/ANS and Ls/Is (P<0.001) was significant; A'/A (P=0.002), PRN/A (P=0.043), PRN/ANS (P=0.032), and St/Is (P=0.010). Variation of nasolabial angle between the two groups was not significant. There was no significant correlation of vertical movement and angle variation. Conclusion: The ratio of soft tissue to hard tissue movement depends on the amount of posterior movement in the maxilla, showing approximately two times higher rates in most of the midface when posterior movement was greater than 4 mm. The soft tissue changes caused by posterior movement of the maxilla were little affected by angular changes of upper incisors. Interestingly, nasolabial angle showed a different tendency between A and B groups and was more affected by incisal angular changes when horizontal posterior movement was less than 4 mm.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2006

Purpose: We present clinical usefulness of saphenous neurocutaneous island flap for reconstruction of soft tissue defect of the lower leg, especially anteromedial aspect, including foot and ankle. Materials and Methods: Thirteen cases of soft tissue defects in the lower leg including foot and ankle which were 6 cases of pretibial area, 2 cases of anteromedial aspect of distal two third, 2 cases of ankle, and 3 cases of foot were treated saphenous neurocutaneous island flap. They were proximally based flap 3 cases and distally based flap 10 cases. Clinically the flaps ranged in size from $4{\times}5\;cm$ to $6{\times}12\;cm$. Results: All of the flaps except 1 case survived completely. Three cases, however, had marginal necrosis. One case of flap failure was proximal tibia fracture accompanied with injury of the flap pedicle which was difficult in flap elevation, subsequently. Conclusion: The saphenous neurocutaneous island flap is a simple, reliable procedure with a versatility for soft tissue coverage of the lower leg, especially anteomedial aspect, including foot and ankle. In case of another injuries accompanied near the saphenous nerve, careful attention should be made.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2014

Background: This study analyzed whether socio-economic factors affect the cause specific survival of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) soft tissue sarcoma (STS) data were used to identify potential socio-economic disparities in outcome. Time to cause specific death was computed with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used for univariate and multivariate tests, respectively. The areas under the receiver operating curve were computed for predictors for comparison. Results: There were 42,016 patients diagnosed STS from 1973 to 2009. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 66.6 (81.3) months. Stage, site, grade were significant predictors by univariate tests. Race and rural-urban residence were also important predictors of outcome. These five factors were all statistically significant with Cox analysis. Rural and African-American patients had a 3-4% disadvantage in cause specific survival. Conclusions: Socio-economic factors influence cause specific survival of soft tissue sarcoma. Ensuring access to cancer care may eliminate the outcome disparities.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2001

Purpose : The purpose of the present study was to evaluate postoperative stability and soft-tissue osseous relations of the long face syndrome patients. Methods : Twenty-five patients who had undergone bimaxillary surgery to correct long face syndrome at the Pusan National University Hospital were evaluated. The lateral cephalograms of preoperative, 1 week postoperative and at least 1 year postoperative were examined. Results : 1. The facial height of the long face syndrome patients were longer than normal Korean adults. 2. The most common malocclusion type of the long face syndrome patients in Korea was class III. 3. Horizontal postoperative skeletal relapses were $-0.64{\sim}0.80mm$ in the maxilla, and $-0.56{\sim}0.48mm$ in the mandible. 4. Vertical postoperative skeletal relapses were $0.20{\sim}0.56mm$ in the maxilla, and $-0.80{\sim}0.20mm$ in the mandible. 5. Postoperative soft tissue changes in long face syndrome patients were correlated with postoperative skeletal changes. So prediction schemes for postoperative soft-tissue changes were obtainable. Conclusion : It is hard to predict the exact direction and quantity of the postoperative skeletal relapse in long face syndrome patient's orthognathic surgery because of large standard deviation. But soft tissue change is predictable via prediction scheme.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.5 s.52
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• pp.627-634
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• 1995

The purpose of this study to analyze characteristics of soft tissue profile in Korean young adults. The sample consisted of 50 young adults (25 males and B females) who had pleasing and normal occlusion. Soft tissue analysis (facial convexity angle, nasolabial angle, H-angle, Z-angle, E-line to upper lip, lower lip, Sn-pog' to upper lip, lower lip) was performed on lateral cephlograms. Mem and standard deviation was obtained. When compared by other studies, mean profile of this sample was relatively straighter and both the upper and lower lips was more protrusive.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.243-249
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• 1997

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant salivary gland tumor with typical histologic patterns. The majority of these tumors occurs in the minor salivary glands. especially mucosa of the hard palate. The authors experienced the patients, who complained the tumor-like soft tissue masses on the palatal and mouth floor area. After careful analysis of clinical, radiological and histopathological findings, we diagnosed them as adenoid cystic carcinomas in the minor salivary glands, and obtained results were as follows : 1. Main clinical symptoms were a slow growing soft tissue mass with normal intact mucosa on the palatal area, and soft tissue mass with mild pain on the mouth floor area. 2. In the radiographic exarnminations, soft tissue masses were observed with invasion to adjacent structures, and moderate defined, heterogeneous soft tissue mass with enhanced margin, respectively. 3. In the histopathologic exarnminations, dark-stained, small uniform basaloid cells in the hyaline or fibrous stroma were observed as solid and cribriform patterns, respectively.