• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.315-323
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of active and passive soft tissue mobilization and active stretching on pain, functional disability, and flexibility in patients with nonspecific low back pain (NS-LBP). Specifically, it compared the effectiveness of these interventions when applied to the hamstring muscles. Design: A randomized controlled trial Methods: A total of 45 participants (mean age: 23.03±3.90 years) with NS-LBP were randomly assigned into three groups: active soft tissue mobilization (ASM) group (n=15), passive soft tissue mobilization (PSM) group (n=15), and hamstring active stretching (AS) group (n=15). The interventions were conducted for 20 minutes, three times a week, for four weeks. Outcome measures included pain assessed by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), functional disability measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and flexibility assessed using the Sit and Reach Test and Passive Straight Leg Raise (PSLR) test. Results: The ASM group showed a significant reduction in NPRS scores (p<0.01) and ODI scores (p<0.01) compared to the PSM and AS groups. The ASM group also demonstrated significant improvements in flexibility in both the Sit and Reach Test (p<0.01) and PSLR test (p<0.01) compared to the other groups. Conclusions: Active soft tissue mobilization was more effective than passive soft tissue mobilization and active stretching in reducing pain, improving functional disability, and enhancing flexibility in patients with NS-LBP. These findings suggest that active interventions should be prioritized for managing NS-LBP.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate into the effect of soft tissue mobilization using prop on the pain, grip strength and functional activity in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Methods: Fifteen patients with lateral epicondylitis were recruited. Before treatment, they were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS), grip strength, test, patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE), proprioception, and were reevaluated after six weeks of treatment. Results: As a result of comparing all participants before and after the experiment, the grip strength increased significantly (p<.05). And the VAS, PRTEE, and proprioception decreased significantly (p<.05). Conclusion: According to the results above, soft tissue mobilization using prop can help improve pain, grip strength, PRTEE and proprioception. Also, soft tissue mobilization using Blackroll's Twister technique was able to select interventions depending on the patient's condition and the desired goal.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2020

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of Soft Tissue Mobilization (STM) before Mobilization with Movement (MWM) on ankle ROM, pennation angle, balance in stroke patients. Methods: A total of 22 subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group received intervention STM before MWM. STM was applied for one minute, MWM was applied one set of six times, in a total 3 sets. The passive ankle joint range of motion (ROM) was measured using a goniometer, the pennation angle was measured using RUSI, and the balance was measured using Timed Up & Go Test. Results: The ROM of the ankle dorsi-flexion, muscle tissue (pennation angle) and balance were significantly increased. Conclusion: In this study, it was confirmed that the ankle dorsi-flexion ROM, pennation angle of the medial gastrocnemius muscle, and balance were significantly improved in the group where STM was performed before the MWM intervention. Therefore, the physiotherapists should consider these results in their intervention. If MWM is applied to stroke patients, applying STM first is a better intervention.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.275-284
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• 2000

Orthopedic medicine specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal conditions. The physical therapy speciality, Orthopedic Manipulative Therapy(OMT) is an important part of orthopedic medicine. Much of OMT is devoted to the evaluation and treatment of joint and related soft tissue disorders and one of the primary treatment methods is mobilization. When examination reveals joint dysfunction, especially decreased range of motion, joint mobilization techniques are often utilized. Soft tissue mobilization techniques are used to improve mobility and other soft tissues. The therapist should have precautions for a patient. These precautions are based on the patient's concurrent medical and surgical diagnosis. Lastly, the literature describing therapeutic interventions in patients with musculoskeletal problem is poor because the painful conditions are poorly characterized and the therapeutic interventions are poorly described; so, where Kaltenborn-Evjenth concept for patient with musculoskeletal problem were identified, the treatment concept are introduced.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to report the treatment effects of Korean medicine for patients with lateral epicondylitis. This study was done on 12 cases of patients with lateral epicondylitis who visited in Korean Medicine Clinic of Ganghwa-gun Public Health Care Center. We used muscle contraction/relaxation strengthen technique, Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), acupuncture on patients and mesured numerical rating scale (NRS), pain disability index (PDI), and grip strength test to evaluate treatment effects. Among twelve patients, eleven cases showed decreasing in NRS and all cases showed decreasing in PDI. Ten cases showed increasing in grip strength test. Korean medical treatments including muscle contraction/relaxation strengthen technique and IASTM are thought to be one of the effective treatment for patients with lateral epicondylitis.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 1998

This study was introduce to Manual Mobilization of the Extremity Joints of Freddy M. Kaltenborn(1989). Much of Orthopedic Manipulative Therapy is devoted to the evaluation and treatment of joint and related soft tissue disorders and one of the primary treatment methods is mobilization. When examination reveals joint dysfunction, especially decreased range of motion, joint mobilization techniques are often utilized. Kaltenborn's joint mobilization techniques are performed as passive examination or treatment movements by the therapist. There are three basic joint play movements: (1) traction, (2) compression, and (3) translatoric gliding. The purpose of joint mobilization is to restore normal, painless joint function. Mechanically, the goal is to restore joint play and thus normalize roll-gliding which occurs during active movements.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.359-364
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and a neural dynamic technique (NDYT). As an intervention to treat spastic lower limb muscle tone, stiffness, and static balance in stroke patients. Methods: Totally, 26 participants were assigned randomly to two groups: the IASTM (n=13) and NDYT (n=13) groups. Both groups were subjected to their respective technique for 15 minutes, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks. Muscle tone, stiffness, and static balance were evaluated before and after training, to compare both group changes. Results: IASTM group showed significant decrease in the gastrocnemius medial region and semitendinosus muscle tone and stiffness (p<0.05) compare to NDYT group; however, no significant different was observed in static balance between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that IASTM is an effective method for decreasing the muscle tone and stiffness in acute stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the immediate effects of Graston instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization (GIASTM) and self-stretching on the muscular properties of the gastrocnemius in athletes. METHODS: Thirty subjects (All in their 20 s) were distributed randomly and evenly into two groups of 15 each: GIASTM and stretching. The subjects had no history of gastrocnemius damage in the previous three months. The muscle tone, stiffness, elasticity, and mechanical stress relaxation time (MSRT) of the gastrocnemius were blind-tested. RESULTS: The GIASTM group showed significant changes in all categories, while only MSRT changed significantly in the self-stretching group after intervention. A comparison of the two groups revealed significant differences in stiffness, elasticity, and MSRT (Time required for the muscle to recover after distortion after intervention in the GIASTM group. CONCLUSION: In this study, significant decreases in muscle tone and stiffness, as well as significant increases in elasticity, were observed in the gastrocnemius of the GIASTM group. On the other hand, sSelf-stretching showed significant differences in MSRT. Therefore, GIASTM is more effective in the recovery of the gastrocnemius muscle from fatigue than self-stretching. This study suggests that GIASTM can help prevent damage to the gastrocnemius in athletes and contribute to their training and rehabilitation programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2009

Purpose：The hamstring muscle has an important role in standing, walking and other functions related to daily living. Most people with Cerebral Palsy(CP) have muscle tightness, especially in the hamstring, which may cause abnormal alignment in the lower extremities. To investigate an effective treatment for hamstring muscle tightness by observing the effects of heat pack or Soft tissue mobilization(STM) on hamstring muscles. Methods：Thirteen-two volunteers with CP aged between 9 and 13 years($M\pmSD$: $11\pm1.46$), were recruited and divided into four groups of four: (1) the STM for people with Spastic CP group, (2) the heat pack(HP) for people with Spastic CP group, (3) the STM for people with Mixd CP group, and (4) the heat pack for people with Mixed CP group. All received treatment three times per week for six weeks. A inclinometer was used to measure for hip flexion & knee extension joint range motion(ROM). Results：The ROM of hip flexion & knee extension were improved at the STM and HP for people with Spastic CP groups. The ROM and hip flexion were improved at the STM and HP for people with Mixed CP groups. The amount of increase ROM are differenced by the types of CP. Conculusion：STM and heat pack, both are effective for people with CP especially for Spastic CP.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of IASTM and static stretching techniques on ankle joint range of motion (ROM), static foot pressure. Methods: Twenty four subjects with gastrocnemius shortness participated in this study. The subjects were assigned randomly to one of two groups: The soft tissue mobilization technique (IASTM) group received intervention using a IASTM instrument for two minutes, and the stactic stretching group performed self stretching for 30 seconds, four times. The ROM of the ankle joint was measured by active ankle dorsi-flexion test, and a TPScan was utilized to collect the plantar foot pressure. This experiment was performed by two physical therapists. The significant level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: The results were as follows: 1) The ROM of the ankle joint and was significantly increased in both groups. 2) Plantar foot pressure was no significant in both groups. 3) There were no significant differences between the IASTM group and static stretching group for any variable. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that static stretching is an effective and easy technique for restoring proper muscle length in subjects with gastrocnemius shortness. We recommend that static stretching technique be used for treat gastrocnemius shortness in clinical setting and home program.