• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.113-122
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• 1999

일본 고베지진후 구조물 수직방향 내진거동의 중요성은 잘 인식되었으나 대부분의 내진설계규준에서는 지반조건을 규정하지 않아 수직방향 구조물 내진해석시 대개 토질과 기초조건을 무시하고 수행하였다 이 논문에서는 연약지반이 Taft 지진과 El Centro 지진의 수직방향 지진하중을 받는 구조물의 수직방향 반응에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 기초크기, 기초 및 지반깊이 , 기초근입깊이 및 말뚝기초가 수직방향 내진반응스펙트럼에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였는데 지반은 UBC-97에서 분류한 Sa. Sc. SE를 기초크기는 중 대형 기초를. 기초 및 지반깊이는 30m 와 60m를 기초근입깊이를 0m와 15m를 고려하였으며 연약지반에 설치한 말뚝은 기성제 콘크리트 선단지지말뚝을 고려하였다 연구결과에 의하면 기초크기는 구조물의 수직방향 내진반응에 별 영향이 없지만 지반깊이는 수평방향 내진해석에서처럼 기초 및 60m까지 고려해야 하며 연약지반위에 설치된 묻힌기초와 얕은 말뚝기초는 구조물의 수직방향 내진거동을 크기 증폭시켰다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1992년도 가을학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.61-64
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• 1992

Recently, by the lack of fill material, the dredg and fill(hydraulic fill) method is commonly used in reclamation projects. Hydraulic fill method dredges the soil and send it with water through the transportation pipe to the site. The intial state of the hydraulic fill material is accordingly the mixture of water and soil skeleton which settles with time forming a new soil layer. The properties of new soil layer is governed the size of the soil skeleton, the flow velocity of mixing water, salt concentration, the distance from the discharge pipe outlet, and other dredging conditions when settling process occur. In this study, the effects of gradation of derdged soil on the deposition properties (with emphasis on the optimum spacing of the discharge pipes) was investigated by field test. It was found that the soft fine graind soil was forme at 350m from the discharge pipe outlet when the dredged material was classified as CL, while the soft fine grained soil was not formed even at the distance farther than 400m from the diacharge pipe outlet when the dredged material was classified as SM.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.392-398
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• 2000

When soft ground improvement is proceeded in costal area using compulsory replacement method, it is very important that the method of stability of embankment above replacement layer can be obtained if non-replaced soft layer is remained, and there are a lot of influence factors which affect the stability of embankment, such as replacement depth, the water content of dredged soil and the width of replacement layer, etc. If soft layer was replaced completely by good quality materials, there would be no problems about stability of embankment, but practically non-replaced layer would be remained as the strength of soft layer will be increased. So another consideration is required to get the stability of embankment. In this study, stability of embankment among these factors was compared, and from that results, the better way that could obtain the stability was presented.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1241-1254
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• 2015

Spatially variable ground motions can be significant on the seismic response of a structure due to the incoherency of the incident wave. Incoherence of the incident wave is resulted from wave passage and wave scattering. In this study, wave passage effect on the response spectrum of a building structure built on a soft soil layer was investigated utilizing a finite element program of P3DASS (Pseudo 3-dimensional Dynamic Analysis of a Structure-soil System). P3DASS was developed for the axisymmetric problem in the cylindrical coordinate, but it is modified to apply anti-symmetric input earthquake motions. Study results were compared with the experimental results to verify the reliability of P3DASS program for the shear wave velocity of 250 m/s and the apparent shear wave velocities of 2000-3500 m/s. Studied transfer functions of input motions between surface mat foundation and free ground surface were well-agreed to the experimental ones with a small difference in all frequency ranges, showing some reductions of the transfer function in the high frequency range. Also wave passage effect on the elastic response spectrum reduced the elastic seismic response of a SDOF system somewhat in the short period range.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 연약지반 상에 축조되는 고속철도 노반을 보강하기 위해 사용된 지오셀의 효과를 평가하기 위해 다양한 현장 평판재하시험과 동적 모형토조시험을 수행하였다. 실험결과로부터 지오셀 사용에 의한 보강노반의 두께 감소효과와 노상 지지력 증가효과가 평가되었다. 지오셀 1층과 복토 loom를 사용하면 동일한 두에의 쇄석층을 사용할 경우와 비교하여 3~4배의 지지력 개선효과가 있으며, 노반두께를 약 35cm 정도 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.336-345
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• 2010

GS E&C was awarded the contract for the construction of Hanoi - Hai Phong Expressway Package EX-7 from Station Km 72+000 to Station Km 81+300 in December 2008. This project is the $7^{th}$ contract package of the 105.5 km long expressway near Hai Phong city, which includes a FCM-styled bridge along with high embankments over soft ground. For these high embankments, there is a need to treat the soft soil for improving the overall stability during construction and for reducing the post-construction settlement of the expressway. The Designer of this project had adopted four (4) different types of ground improvement techniques to treat the soft ground, including the prefabricated vertical drains (PVD), sand drains (SD), pack drains (PD, or sometimes called packed sand drains), and sand compaction piles (SCP). The main focus of soft soil treatment should be paid attention to the residual settlement after construction. In current design, however, it appeared that the secondary compression (or creep) of the improved soil layer and the consolidation settlement of the lower untreated compressible soil layer have been neglected in the estimation of the post-construction settlement. These uncalculated residual settlements may not only unsatisfy the design criteria but also raise serious problems during service period of this expressway. In this paper, the subsoil condition and current design were reviewed focusing on the employed soft soil treatment method and expected residual settlement.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.31-43
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• 2015

성토지지말뚝구조의 다양한 조건에서 토목섬유의 인장강성 변화가 성토체 및 토목섬유의 연직변위와 말뚝효율에 미치는 영향을 수치해석적으로 평가하였다. 매개변수 해석을 위해 연약지반의 강성, 성토재의 내부 마찰각과 팽창각, 토목섬유를 포함한 복합 재료층의 휨 강성을 변화시켰다. 토목섬유의 인장강성이 증가하면 말뚝효율이 증가하지만 그 증가량은 해석 조건에 따라 다르다. 성토재의 내부 마찰각이 매우 낮거나 복합 재료층의 휨 강성이 매우 높으면 뚜렷한 말뚝효율 증가가 나타났다. 연약지반의 강성이 매우 낮은 경우에 토목섬유의 인장강성을 증가시키면 뚜렷하게 연직 변위가 감소하였다. 복합 재료층의 휨 강성이 높으면 토목섬유 인장강성을 증가시켜 말뚝효율이 크게 향상되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.775-791
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• 2017

Surface wave techniques are widely used as non-invasive method for geotechnical site characterization. Field surface wave data are collected and analyzed using different processing techniques to generate the dispersion curves, which are further used to extract the shear wave velocity profile by inverse problem solution. Characteristics of a dispersion curve depend on the subsurface layering information of a vertically heterogeneous medium. Sometimes soft layer can be found between two stiff layers in the vertically heterogeneous media, and it can affect the wave propagation dramatically. Now most of the surface wave techniques use the fundamental mode Rayleigh wave propagation during the inversion, but this may not be the actual scenario when a soft layer is present in a vertically layered medium. This paper presents a detailed and comprehensive study using finite element method to examine the effect of soft layers which sometimes get trapped between two high velocity layers. Determination of the presence of a soft layer is quite important for proper mechanical characterization of a soil deposit. Present analysis shows that the thickness and position of the trapped soft layer highly influence the dispersion of Rayleigh waves while the higher modes also contribute in the resulting wave propagation.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 토목섬유 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.105-116
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• 1999

The Inchon International Airport site was formed by reclaimed soil from the sea. The average thickness of soft soil Is about 5 m and most of soft soils are normally consolidated or slightly over consolidated. There are many box culverts which are being constructed under the runways in the airfield. Sometimes, differential settlement can be occurred in the adjacent of box culvert or underground structures at the top layer of runway Soil compaction at very near to the structure is not easy all the time. Thus, one layer of geogrid was placed at the bottom of lean concrete layer for the concrete paved runway and at the middle of cement stabilized sub-base course layer for the asphalt paved runway. The length of geogrid reinforcement is 5m from the end of box culvert for both sides. The extended length of geogrid was 2m from the end of backfill soil in the box culvert. The tensile strength tests of geogrid were conducted for make sure the chemical compatibility with cement treated sub-base material. The location of geogrid placement for the concrete paved runway was evaluated. The construction damage to the geogrid could be occurred. Because the cement treated sub-base layer or lean concrete was spread by the finisher. The magnitude of tensile strength reduction was 1.16%~1.90% due to the construction damage and the ultimate tensile strength is maintained with the specification required. Total area of geogrid placement in this project is about 50,000 $m^2$.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.956-965
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• 2005

In this paper, the effect on the forced replacement depth of the revetment in soft soil with inter sand layer is analyzed by model test. In the result, the forced replacement occur in 60 second from filling the embankment material. The shape of the forced replacement depth is like to punching shape. Then, in case of thin inter sand layer and near the embankment, the forced replacement depth of inter sand layer case is more than only clayed soil case.