• 한국광물학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2012

토양 및 지하수 등의 혐기성환경에 서식하는 황산염환원박테리아의 활동으로 생성되는 맥키나와이트가 용존산소에 의해 산화 및 용해되는 특성을 관찰하였다. 오염지역에 산화지하수 유입에 의한 용존산소량 증가로 인해 안정화된 핵종들(예: 환원우라늄)이 산화 및 용해되는 상황에서 일반적으로 같이 공존하는 황화광물의 역할을 알아보고자 하였다. '디설퍼비브리오 디설프리칸스(Desulfovibrio desulfuricans)'라는 황산염환원박테리아가 만든 맥키나와이트를 '과산화수소수'와 '아질산나트륨'으로 산화시키면서 발생되는 광물 용해 현상을 약 2주 동안 관찰하였다. 산화제의 종류에 따라 시료의 광물학적 산화 및 용해 반응 특성은 달랐으나, ${\mu}m$ 크기의 황화광물 입자들에 의한 용존산소의 소모와 그에 따른 황산염 농도의 증가로 인해 산화수가 초기에 안정화되었다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 알 수 있는 사실은, 황산염환원미생물에 의해 다량 만들어지는 황화광물이 지하수의 산소를 소모시켜 환원 환경의 교란을 예방할 뿐만 아니라 버퍼물질로써 환원/침전된 핵종들의 장기 안정화에 상당한 기여를 할 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2012

Previously, we reported that Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and gastric cancer are closely associated with increased levels of hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) and that Korean red ginseng significantly reduced the severity of H. pylori-associated gastric diseases by attenuating $H_2S$ generation. Because the incubation of endothelial cells with $H_2S$ has been known to enhance their angiogenic activities, we hypothesized that the amelioration of $H_2S$-induced gastric inflammation or angiogenesis in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) might explain the preventive effect of Korean red ginseng on H. pylori-associated carcinogenesis. The expression of inflammatory mediators, angiogenic growth factors, and angiogenic activities in the absence or presence of Korean red ginseng extracts (KRGE) were evaluated in HUVECs stimulated with the $H_2S$ generator sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS). KRGE efficiently decreased the expression of cystathionine ${\beta}$-synthase and cystathionine ${\gamma}$-lyase, enzymes that are essential for $H_2S$ synthesis. Concomitantly, a significant decrease in the expression of inflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and several angiogenic factors, including interleukin (IL)-8, hypoxia inducible factor-1a, vascular endothelial growth factor, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinases, was observed; all of these factors are normally induced after NaHS. An in vitro angiogenesis assay demonstrated that NaHS significantly increased tube formation in endothelial cells, whereas KRGE pretreatment significantly attenuated tube formation. NaHS activated p38 and Akt, increasing the expression of angiogenic factors and the proliferation of HUVECs, whereas KRGE effectively abrogated this $H_2S$-activated angiogenesis and the increase in inflammatory mediators in vascular endothelial cells. In conclusion, KRGE was able to mitigate $H_2S$-induced angiogenesis, implying that antagonistic action against $H_2S$-induced angiogenesis may be the mechanism underlying the gastric cancer preventive effects of KRGE in H. pylori infection.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 1997

A sulfer-oxidizing bacterium was isolated from mine wastewater and characterized. The isolate was gra-negative, rod (0.2 * 1.2-1.5.mu.m), nonmotiloe, catalase positive, and oxidase prositive. The opotimal pH and temperature for growth were 7.0 and 30.deg.C. respectively. The optimum thiosulfate concentration was 70 mM and the maximum growth rate was 0.081 hr. The major ubiquinone contained in the isolate was Q-8. The cellular fatty acid composition was $C_{16 : 0}$, $C_{18 : 1}$, $C_{17cyc}$,and $C_{19cyc}$ as nonpolar fatty acids, and 3-OH C10 : 0 and 3-OH $C_{12 : 0}$ as hydroxylated fatty acids. The isolate was a facultative chemolithoautotroph which can grow autotrophically on sodium thiosulfate and sodium sulfide and which can grow heterotrophically on yeast extract. It can also grow mixotrophically on sodium thiosulfate and yeast extract. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate with that of Thiobacillus species and Paracoccus thiocyanatus revealed that it is closely related to T. caldus which belongs to the .betha.-subclass of the class Proteobacteria. However, the isolated could not grow at extremely low pH (pH 1-3.5). On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, the isolate was tentatively named Thiobacillus sp. strain C.ain C.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVII)
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• pp.465-467
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• 2005

UIW-10 mutant obtained by UV treatment using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Thiobacillus sp. IW was studied. The colony size of UIW-10 was found 2 $^{\sim}$ 3 times bigger in diameter than the parent colony on TAM medium. UIW-10 mutant growth was two times higher than parent strain at 6 h culture in liquid medium containing sulfides such as sulfur and sodium thiosulfate. Initial pH and temperature for the optimum growth of UIW-10 were 6.0 and $35-40^{\circ}C$, respectively. It was found that addition of 0.5% yeast extract and 0.5 to 2.0% tryptone as nitrogen sources and the constant agitation at 150 to 200 rpm had a positive effect and the growth of UIW-10 was increased.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2018

ZnS:Mn-glycine (ZnS:Mn-Gly) nanocomposites were synthesized by capping ZnS:Mn nanocomposites with glycine. Zinc sulfate heptahydrate ($ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$), glycine ($C_2H_5NO_2$), manganese sulfate monohydrate ($MnSO_4{\cdot}H_2O$), and sodium sulfide ($Na_2S$) were used as the source reagents. $ZnS:Mn-Gly-C_{60}$ nanocomposites were obtained by heating the ZnS:Mn-Gly nanocomposites and fullerene ($C_{60}$) at a 2:1 mass ratio in an electric furnace at $700^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the crystal structure of the synthesized nanocomposites. The photocatalytic activity of the $ZnS:Mn-Gly-C_{60}$ nanocomposites was evaluated, via the degradation of brilliant green (BG) dye under 254 nm irradiation, with a UV-vis spectrophotometer.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1994

석유화학산업에서 발생된 폐촉매에는 귀금속계 금속이나 회유금속들이 잔조해 있는데, 이들 유가금속을 회수하는 것은 환경보존과 자원재활용 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 백금계 폐촉매로부터 귀금속을 회수하는 연구를 수행하였다. 폐촉매 시료로는 Naphtha로부터 에틸렌을 제조시에 사용했던 알루미나담체 0.3% Pd 폐촉매와, 원유 정제 후 벤젠, 톨루엔, 크실렌 등을 제조시에 사용한 알루미나담체 0.3% Pt/Re 폐촉매를 사용하였다. 시료들은 배소과정을 거쳐서 탄수와 황 등 원유로부터 유입된 가연성 물질들을 제거하고, 분쇄한 다음 6N 염산 및 왕수로 침출하였다. Pd는 Fe분말을 사용한 석출법에 의하여 침출액 중에서 금속 Pd로 회수하였다. Pt/Re 폐촉매 경우에는 염산 및 왕수로 침출 후 Fe 분말을 사용하여 Pt를 먼저 회수한 다음, 여액에 황화나트륨을 첨가하여 Re 황화물로 침전시켜서 Re을 회수하였다. 본 연구에서는 폐촉매 침출시 6N 염산을 침출액으로 사용하여 왕수를 사용한 것과 비슷한 정도의 침출효과를 얻을 수 있었는데, 이것은 침출시 소요비용을 줄이고 폐산처리시에 왕수보다 쉽게 처리할 수 있다는 점에서 공점상 효과적이다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2018

폐 니켈-카드뮴 전지의 재활용을 위하여 효율적으로 카드뮴과 니켈을 분리할 수 있도록 이온치환 반응을 이용하여 선택적으로 카드뮴을 분리하였다. 폐 니켈-카드뮴 전지 내의 전극을 분쇄하여 얻은 전극 분말을 황산에 침출시킨 니켈-카드뮴 용액에 황화나트륨을 첨가하여 CdS로 침전시켰다. 다양한 조건에서 이온치환실험을 실시하였으며, 최적조건으로는 상온에서 용액의 pH = -0.1, $Na_2S/Cd=2.3$일 때 용액 내 잔존하는 Cd은 약 100 ppm으로 대부분 CdS로 침전된 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2001

For the remediation of the contaminated soil with heavy metals, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb, the reaction parameters were optimized. Tartaric acid (TA) and oxalic acid(OA) as a washing agent and recovery of metals, The optimum washing conditions of TA and OA were in the ratio of 1 : 20 between soil and acid solution during 2hr reaction under unbuffered pH solutions. At the optimized reaction conditions, the removal efficiencies were compared with that of 0.1 M HCl and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA). TA showed higher efficiency on the removal of Pb than that of EDTA, which established for the remediation of contaminated soil with Pb and Cd metals. The recovery of metal ions from washing solution was achieved by adding calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfide by forming the precipitation of metal hydroxide and metal slfied. Optimum amounts of sodium sulgide and calcium hydroxide were Cd = 25g/$\ell$, Cu = 5~10g/$\ell$ and Pb = 5~10g/$\ell$ for the washing solution of OA and 2~5g/$\ell$ for the washing solution of TA, respectively. The amounts of $Na_2S$ and $CA(OH)_2$ for the tartaric acid was less than that of oxalic acid.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.405-405
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• 2016

CIGS 박막 태양전지에서 완충층으로 사용되는 ZnS는 단파장 영역에서 높은 투과도와 CIGS 계면과의 좋은 접착을 가지고 친환경적이며 3.74eV의 에너지 밴드갭을 가지고 있기 때문에 CdS를 사용했을 때 보다 더 넓은 에너지 영역의 광자를 p-n 접합 경계 영역으로 통과 시킬 수 있고 Cd-free 물질이라는 점에서 기존의 CdS 완충층의 대체 물질로 각광 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CIGS 박막에 화학습식공정 방법을 이용하여 최적화된 ZnS 박막의 증착 조건을 찾기 위해 실험 변수인 시약의 농도, 실험온도, 열처리 조건 등의 다양한 변화를 통해 실험을 진행하였고, 박막의 갈라짐과 pin-hole 현상을 개선하고 균일한 막을 제조하기 위해 구연산 나트륨 농도에 따른 ZnS 박막의 특성을 연구하였다. 본 실험 결과로서 실험변수인 황산아연의 농도 0.15M, 암모니아는 0.3M, 티오요소 1M, 공정 온도 $80^{\circ}C$의 최적화 된 조건에서 가장 좋은 품질의 ZnS 박막을 제조하였지만, ZnS 박막의 열처리 후 산소의 양이 줄어감에 따라 박막의 표면이 갈라지고 pin-hole 현상이 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 박막의 품질을 개선하기 위해 구연산 나트륨을 첨가하여 실험한 결과 구연산 나트륨의 0.05M의 농도에서는 박막 표면에 90nm의 갈라짐의 크기와 pin-hole 현상이 남아있는 것을 확인하였고, 농도가 높아질수록 점차 크기가 줄어들면서 0.4M에서는 갈라짐이 거의 없는 표면과 pin-hole 현상도 없어지는 것을 확인하였고, 약 144nm의 박막 두께와 3.8eV의 에너지 밴드갭을 가지고, 약 81%의 높은 광투과율을 갖는 고품질의 ZnS 박막을 제작할 수 있었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2013

Indigo is utilized in various industries including textile dyeing, cosmetics, printing and medicinal products and its reduced form, leuco-indigo, is mainly used in these process. Chemical reducing agent (sodium dithionite, sodium sulfide, etc.) is preferred to use for the formation of leucoindigo in industry. In traditional indigo fermentation process, microorganisms can participate in the reduction of indigo and thus it has been known to reduce environmental pollution and noxious byproducts. However, in fermentation method using microorganisms it is difficult to standardize large scale production process due to low yield and reproducibility. In this study, we attempted to develop the indigo reduction process using microbial flora which was isolated from naturally fermented indigo vat or deduced by metagenomic approach. From the results of library analyses of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes from the traditional indigo fermentation vat sample (metagenome), it was confirmed that Alkalibacteriums (71%) was distinctly dominant in population. Some strains were identified after confirming that they become pure culture in nutrient media modified slightly. Four strains were separated in this process and each strain showed obvious reducing ability toward indigo in dyeing test. It is expected that the analyzed results will provide important data for standardizing the natural fermentation of indigo and investigating the mechanism of indigo reduction.