• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 1983

Seasonal changes of the soil nutrient contents and aboveground biomass, relationship between the soil nutrients and the productivity, and the net efficiencies of solar energy conversion were studied in two reeed communities (Phragmites communis Trin.) at the salt marsh in the estuary of the Sumjin-River from April 30 to October 9, 1981. The inorganic nutrients such as exchangeable sodium and potassium of soil were decreased during growing season. The amounts of organic matter, exchangeable sodium and potassium, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus in stand $\prod$ were much more than those of stand $\coprod$ . Productivity of Phragmites communis was positively correlated with the soil nutrients such as available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium and total nitrogen. The maximum dry matter productions of the aboveground parts in stand $\prod$ stand $\coprod$ were $ 1, 120g/m^2; and; 843g/m^2$ in August, and the net coversion efficiencies of PhAR based on growing season (April to September) were 1.77% and 1.33%, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 1991

Nutrient evaluation of sago fibre showed that the fibre has potential and could be utilized as feed for ruminants. However, as a source of nutrients, it has limitations arising from low intake, digestibility, crude protein and minerals content. The present study showed that the sago fibre is low in crude protein (3.3%) and high in neutral detergent fibre (72.5%) and acid detergent lignin (25.8%) contents. Treatment of sago fibre with urea increased the crude protein content from 3.3 to 16.7%. Both urea and sodium hydroxide treatment decreased the neutral detergent fibre level from 72.5 to 59 and 56.5%, respectively. Rumen degradation of sago fibre by nylon bag showed that both urea and sodium hydroxide treatments increased dry matter and organic matter disappearance of the fibre significantly. In vivo digestibility of 2% urea treated sago fibre was 47.5% and intake of the fibre was 1.57% of body weight of the lamb.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 1997

The study was investigated with denitrification of wastewater containing nitrate using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process. Contents of this study were the determination of nitrate removal efficiency by various hydrogen donor addition, relationship between HRT, nitrate loading rate and growth constant of microorganism in case or various hydrogen donor addition etc. Results from this study were summurized as follows. In case of adding methanol, ethanol, sodium acetate as hydrogen donor, treatability of wastewater contained 200mg/l as nitrate was about 91%. But in addition of ethanol, sodium acetate in wastewater contained 40mg/l as nitrate, nitrate removal efficiency was 80%. While the treatment of nitrate showed the yield coefficient of microorganisms(Y) as 234.8, 234.35, and 247.68 g/VSS/g nitrate, respectively, showed specific growth rate(K) as 0.885, 0.934 and 0.917 respectively.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.460-473
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• 2015

This study aimed to create a standardized recipe using three cultivars of tomatoes (Chal-tomato, Daejeo-tomato, Blacktomato) and select an appropriate tomato for producing tomato Jangajii through quality and sensory evaluation. With regard to the proximate composition of tomato Jangajii, moisture and ash contents of Chal-tomato were highest in the early stage of storage, whereas moisture, crude protein and ash contents of Black-tomato were highest in the final stage of storage. Daejeotomato showed minimal changes in pH, but showed the highest salt and sugar contents. L value increased with increasing storage time and then decreased thereafter (p<0.001). The a and b values decreased with increasing storage time and then increased thereafter (p<0.001). The reducing sugar content increased with increasing storage time and then decreased thereafter (p<0.001). With regard to Daejeo-tomato, hardness was the highest (p<0.001), and total microbial counts were lowest (p<0.001). Daejeo-tomato showed the lowest activities of PME as a softening enzyme and PG. For sensory properties, Daejeo-tomato showed a relatively high preference for all items except aroma. Based on the above results, Daejeo-tomato Jangajii showed superior quality characteristics and high preference in general among tomato Jangajii from all three cultivars of tomatoes. Therefore, Daejeo-tomato Jangajii is useful as low-sodium tomato Jangajii in light of quality characteristics and preference.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.211-222
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the dyeing properties of the ultra-fine nylon suede non-woven fabric with Sulphur black dye regarding to the effect of dye concentrations, reducing agent contents, sodium carbonate contents, antioxidant contents, immersion temperature and exposure time in air by pad-steam process. The optimal conditions of dyeing for the ultra-fine nylon suede non-woven fabric were determined with dye concentration of 30% o.w.f., reducing agent content of $9{\sim}13g/{\ell}$, sodium carbonate content of $1{\sim}4g/{\ell}$, antioxidant content of $1{\sim}5g/{\ell}$, immersion temperature of $70^{\circ}C$, exposure time of 20 minutes in air and immersion time of 1 minute, respectively. Meanwhile, the colorfastness to washing, the colorfastness to light, and the colorfastness to perspiration for dyed ultra-fine nylon suede non-woven fabric were achieved in the range of 4-5 grades. The formaldehyde and arylamine were not detected on the ultra-fine nylon suede non-woven fabric by KC tests.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate and assess the composition of mineral and macronutrient contents in Korean cow′s milk.48 individual farm raw milk, 10 plant raw milk and 29 market milk were collected from June to August in 2003. The minerals such as calcium(Ca), potassium(K), magnesium(Mg), sodium(Na), zinc(Zn), iron(Fe) and phosphorus(P) were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometer(AAS). The macronutrients such as fat, protein and lactose were tested by using IR spectrometer. The obtained analytical results of minerals(mg/100 g) and rnaetronutrients (％) are as follows：1. In case of raw cow′s milk ； Ca 113.56, K 144.09, Mg 10.86, Na 42.53, Zn 0.42, Fe 0.030, p 113.32, fat 3.85, protein 3.08, lactose 4.80,2. In case of market cow′s milk ; Ca 103.04, K 142.46, Mg 10.27, Na 43.21, Zn 0.40, Fe 0.034. p 97.30, fat 3.78, protein 3.05, lactose 4.70,3. In case of fortified market cow′s milk ; Ca 165.40, K 145.79, Mg 10.57. Na 42.55, Zn 0.57, Fe 0.414, p 94.68, fat 3.74, protein 3.08, lactose 4.68,4. In case of processed market cow′s milk ; Ca 134.72, K 142.74, Mg 10.33, Na 45.07, Zn 0.50, Fe 0.650, p 92.48, fat 3.72, protein 3.07, lactose 4.74. According to the group of market milk(milk, fortified market row′s milk, processed market cow′s milk), the mean concentration of Ca and Fe were significantly higher in fortified and processed milk than milk(p<0.05). There were no significant differences in macronutrient(fat, protein, lactose) and mineral contents between pasteurized milk and UHT(ultra high temperature) treated milk($\alpha$=0.05). The labeled "Nutritional Facts" of market milk were satisfied with "Labeling Standards for Livestock Products of Korea". The measured mean concentrations of Ca, Fe, Zn were generally higher than lower limit of labeled value(above 80% of labeled value). The mean concentration of sodium was lower than upper limit of labeled value(below 120％ of labeled value).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.536-541
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• 1989

In present paper, we investigated the quality stability of frozen seasoned anchovy meat products during storage at $-25\;{\pm}\;2^{\circ}C$. The pH and VBN contents of the products revealed a tendency to increase slightly during frozen storage 150 days. Viable cell counts and histamine contents of products are $0.8-2.6\;{\times}\;10^5/g,\;70.6-76.7 mg/100g$, respectively. In changes of fatty acid composition, percentage of polyenes such as eicosapentaenoic docosahexaenoic acid slightly decreased, while that of saturates and monoenes increased during frozen storage, The results of changes in POV, TBA values, color values, drips and salt extractable nitrogen contents during frozen storage showed that lipid oxidation and freeze denaturation of products could be retarded, and flavor could be enhanced by adding 0.2% sodium erythorbate and 12.8% emulsion curd.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 1988

For the purpose of fermentation control and edible period extension of lower salted Kimchi, the contents and compositions of pectic substances in Kimchi, by adding 2 percent salt and 0.4 percent sodium malate buffer(SMB), fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ were investigated. Edible period of SMB added chinese cabbage Kimchi was extended 40 hrs compared to that of control (added 2.5% salt) with good flavor, texture and freshness. The contents of alcohol insoluble solid(AIS) and protopectin(PP) of control were more decrensed during fermentation than those of SMB added Kimchi. But, the contents of pectic adid(PA) and water soluble pectin(WSP) of control were more increased during fermentation than those of SMB added Kimchi. Hexose and pentose from hemicellulose in control, PP and PA respectively, were more decreased during fermentation than those in SMB added Kimchi. Lower polarity and higher molecular weight PP was eluted and higher polarity and lower molecular weight PP was decreased considerably in control compared to those in SMB added Kimchi during fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during silage corn cultivation over the past two years. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by addition rate of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg $ha^{-1}$) with 30 - 100% of non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties and growth and yield potential of silage corn were examined. The tested soils showed strong alkali and saline properties with low contents of organic matter and available phosphate while contents of exchangeable sodium and magnesium were high. Soil salinity increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, corn was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was 18,345 kg $ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8 at incorporation time. Fresh and dry matter yield of silage corn were higher in the order of N30% reduction, CF, N50% reduction, N70% reduction, N100% reduction and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield potential of silage corn for N30% reduction were comparable to those of CF. Bulk density of the soil decreased with incorporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. The soil pH decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium decreased with incorporation of GMC. The data indicate that incorporation of hairy vetch can improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application especially for alkali saline reclaimed soil such as Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1998

The changes of contents of trimethylamine oxide nitrogen (TMAO-N), trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N), dimethylamine nitrogen (DMA-N), nitrite nitrogen (nitrite-N), nitrate nitrogen (nitrate-N) and N-nitrosamine (NA) of salt-fermented small shrimp were investigated during fermentation. The contents of TMAO-N decreased, while TMA-N and DMA-N increased during fermentation in all samples. Contents of nitrite-N decreased in the samples supplemented with sodium nitrite during fermentation, whereas the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) increased. Treatment of ascorbic acid revealed inhibiting effort on NDMA formation compared with the control. The model system was used for the evaluation of ascorbic acid (inhibitor) or thiocyanate (promoter) on the formation of NDMA using salt-fermented small shrimp supplemented with sodium nitrite, The optimum pH for the formation of NDMA was 3.5, and ascorbic acid inhibited the formation of NDMA whereas thiocyanate promoted.