• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.292-292
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• 2007

To apply PDP panel, Soda lime glass(SLG) is cheeper than Non-alkali glass and PD-200 glass but has problems such as low strain temperature and ion diffusion by alkali metal oxide. In this paper suggest the methode that prohibits ion diffusion by deposing barrier layer on SLG. Indium thin oxide(ITO) thin films and barrier layers were prepared on SLG substrate by Rf-magnetron sputtering. These films show a high electrical resistivity and rough uniformity as compared with PD-200 glass due to the alkali ion from the SLG on diffuse to the ITO film by the heat treatment. However these properties can be improved by introducing a barrier layer of $SiO_2\;or\;Al_2O_3$ between ITO film and SLG substrate. The characteristics of films were examined by the 4-point probe, SEM, UV-VIS spectrometer, and X-ray diffraction. GDS analysis confirmed that barrier layer inhibited Na and Ka ion diffusion from SLG. Especially ITO films deposited on the $Al_2O_3$ barrier layer had higher properties than those deposited on the $SiO_2$ barrier layer.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.246-250
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• 2022

Lakatos 모델을 이용한 유리점도 추정법은 소다석회유리의 조성과 점도와의 관계를 가장 잘 추정할 수 있는 방법의 하나이다. Lakatos 모델은 SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Na₂O, K₂O, CaO, MgO의 양을 입력하여 점도를 산출한다. 본 연구에서는 소다석회유리병 제조 공장에서 월별로 분석한 10개의 조성에서 점도 log η가 3, 6.6, 10, 12.3 Pa·s에서의 isokom 온도를 구하고, isokom 온도 변화가 어떤 조성 변화와 밀접한 상관관계를 갖는지 조사하였다. 그 결과 점도가 log η = 3에서의 isokom 온도는 (Si+Al)/O 값과 가장 밀접한 상관관계를 가지며, log η = 6.6에서의 isokom 온도는 1/Na 값과 밀접한 상관관계를 가짐을 알았다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2015

Recently, the use of ion-exchange strengthened glass has increased sharply, as it is now used as the cover glass for smart phone devices. Therefore, many researchers are focusing on methods that can be used to strengthen ion-exchange glass. However, research on how the improved strength can be maintained under thermal environment of device manufacturing is still insufficient. We tested the degradation of the characteristics of ion-exchange soda-lime glass samples, including their surface compressive stress characteristics, the depth of the ion-exchange layer (DOL), flexural strength, hardness, and modulus of rupture (MOR) values. Degradation of the characteristics of the ion-exchange glass samples occurred when they were heat-treated at a temperature that exceeded $350^{\circ}C$.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.396-396
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• 2011

유연기판(Flexible) CIGS 박막태양전지는 금속 및 폴리머 기판을 이용하고 roll-to-roll 공정에 적합하기 때문에 유리기판을 이용한 태양전지에 비해 가볍고 공정단가를 절감할 수 있다. 그러나 기존의 soda-lime 유리 기판에 비해 금속 및 폴리머 기판을 사용시 Na 공급의 부재로 CIGS 박막 태양전지는 Voc, FF의 감소로 효율이 감소한다. 본 연구에서는 기존 유리기판과 유사한 Na의 공급을 위해 soda lime 유리 박막(SLGTF)을 Mo 후면전극 증착 전에 도입하였으며, CIGS 박막 및 태양전지를 제조함으로써 SLGTF의 영향을 분석하였다. SLGTF는 rf magnetron 스퍼터링법으로 두께를 조절하여 철강기판과 Mo 사이에 증착하였다. 본 연구에서는 SLGTF의 두께에 따른 CIGS 박막의 미세구조 및 Na 함량의 변화를 기존의 유리기판 및 SLGTF이 없는 철강기판과 비교하여 분석하고자 하였다. CIGS 박막은 3-stage 진공증발법으로 증착하였으며, CIGS 박막의 우선배향성(texture) 변화를 관찰하기 위해 XRD (X-ray Diffraction)를 이용하였고 Na 양을 확인하기 위해 SIMS(Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy)를 사용하였다. SLGTF의 도입 및 두께의 변화에 따라 CIGS 박막의 우선배향성(texture) 및 Na의 양에 큰 변화가 있었으며, 이러한 변화가 CIGS 태양전지 셀 효율에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2014

To realize high-performance thin film solar cells, we prepared CIGS by the co-evaporation technique on both sodalime and Corning glass substrates. The structural and efficient properties were investigated by varying the thickness of the Mo:Na layer, where the total thickness of the back contact was fixed at 1${\mu}m$. As a result, when the Mo:Na thickness was 300 nm on soda-lime glass, the measured Na content was 0.28 %, the surface morphology was a plate-like compact structure, and the crystallinity by XRD showed a strong peak of (112) preferential orientation together with relatively intense (220) and (204) peaks as the secondary phases influenced crystal formation. In addition, the substrates on soda-lime glass effected the lowest surface roughness of 2.76 nm and the highest carrier density and short circuit current. Through the optimization of the Mo:Na layer, a solar conversion efficiency of 11.34% was achieved. When using the Corning glass, a rather low conversion efficiency of 9.59% was obtained. To determine the effects of the concentration of sodium and in order to develop a highefficiency solar cells, a very small amount of sodium was added to the soda lime glass substrate.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.483-488
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• 2019

We studied whether chemical strengthening can heal the flaws on soda-lime silicate glass. Artificial surface cracks were introduced on the glass by sharp indentation with various loads of 0.1 to 10 N. Then, the glasses with flaws were treated by ion-exchanging in KNO₃ melt. The change in the dimension of the crack on glass was measured by a digital microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The chemical strengthening treatment enhances the strength of the glass with flaws. It is thought that the melted KNO₃ not only forms the depth of the compressed layer of 7.5 ㎛, but also heals the cracks by infiltrating them and expanding the glass on both sides of the cracks. The critical length (2c) of the cracks on soda-lime glass that can be healed by chemical strengthening is 50 ㎛ or less.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.37-47
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• 2004

In Korea, over three hundreds of the coal mines were closed or abandoned due to the depression of the mining industry since the late 1980s. Many of them locate in the steep mountain valleys and the coal mine wastes had been disposed without a proper treatment From these mines, enormous amounts of coal mine overburdens have been abandoned in the slopes and the ample amounts of acid mine drainage (AMD) from either portal or overburdens have been discharging directly to the streams, causing the detrimental effects on soil and water qualities. Objectives of this research were to reclaim the coal mine overburdens using the lime waste cake from the soda ash production by stabilizing the overburden slopes, introducing the vegetation alleviate the environmental problems caused by the closed coal mines. The percentages of the grass distribution ratio (%) and the surface coverage ($\textrm{cm}^2$) in each treatment plot were determined during June to August after seed spraying grasses such as orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L), Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and Eulalia (Miscanthus sinensis Anderss) at the end of May. The grasses covered only 15.5 % of the coal overburden plot at the early stage but the coverage was increased with time to 33% in August. Growth of such grasses was enhanced with the combined treatments of lime waste and topsoil resulting in the increased surface coverage by the grasses. The Increment of the surface coverage from June to August was higher with lime waste treatments. The distribution percentages and surface coverage were highest when the lime wastes were treated at 25 % of the lime requirement. This might be related with the high salt contents in the hire wastes. Results demonstrated that the amounts of lime wastes at 25% of the lime requirement were sufficient for neutralizing the acidic coal overburden and introducing the re-vegetation. Either layering between the coal waste and topsoil or mixing with coal overburdens could be adopted as the lime waste treatment method. The combined treatment of lime wastes and topsoil was recommended for re-vegetation in the coal overburden slopes. The lime wastes from the soda ash production might have a potential to be recycled for the reclamation of the abandoned coal mines to alleviate the environmental problems associated with coal mine waste.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.524-534
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• 2010

Glass was fabricated using refused coal ore obtained from the Dogye coal mine in Samcheok. We additionally used soda ash and calcium carbonate to make a glass with the chemical composition of soda-lime glass, and we also used white, brown, and green glass cullet to make various kinds of colored glass. Transparent glass was fabricated by melting batch materials including refused coal ore at $1550^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr in an electrical furnace. The light transmittance and color chromaticity were measured by a UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer. Transparent glass with a light transmittance of over 80% was fabricated using normal refused coal ore and white glass cullet. Various kinds of colored glass with a light transmittance of 30-80% were fabricated using refused coal ore and brown or green glass cullet. The light transmittance of the mixed color glass samples, fabricated using normal refused coal ore and brown glass cullet and green glass cullet, indicated 30-47%, a relatively low value, in the condition of a cullet ratio of 20-50%. The characteristics of the color chromaticity of the glass samples were indicated in a chromaticity diagram by x-coordinates, y-coordinates, Y (lightness). The values of x-coordinates and y-coordinates were moved with a regular directional property according to the kind and amount of glass cullet. Therefore, we concluded that refused coal ore can be used for raw materials of color glass products like art glass and glass tile.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.1729-1731
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• 1999

The effect of Na on the structural and electrical properties of CIGS films were studied and their effects on the CIGS/Mo thin film solar cells were investigated. Soda-lime glass and Corning glass were used as substrates to compare the effect of Na diffusion into CIGS film. The resistivity of CIGS films was not changed in the Cu-poor region due to diffusion of Na from soda-lime glass but was mainly determined by the surface resitivity controlled by excess Na.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2003

Brittle materials such as glasses and ceramics, which are very weak under impact loading, show fragile failure mode due to their low fracture toughness and crack sensitivity. When brittle materials are subjected to impact by small spheres, high contact pressure occurs at the impacted surface causing local damage on the specimen. This damage is a dangerous factor in causing the final fracture of structures. In this research, the crack propagation process of soda-lime glass by the impact of small spheres is explained and the effects of several constraint conditions for impact damage were studied by using soda-lime glass; that is, the effects for the materials and sizes of impact ball, thickness of specimen and residual strength were evaluated. Especially, this research has focused on the damage behavior of ring cracks, cone cracks and several other kinds of cracks.