• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.91-108
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• 2003

Psychological stress is a growing issue in work stress research because work stressors are closely related to depression； and depression, in turn, decreases organizational effectiveness. Considering such causal relationships of work stress, a comprehensive source to control work stress is needed for worksite mental well-being. This study was conducted to identify how social support at work controlled work stress and which characteristics of social support were effective on work stress reduction. The study participants were 240 workers employed in a public hospital in Georgia, U.S.A self-administered survey was given to employees with their pay slips, and followed by a hospital wide voice reminder for 7 days. Surveys were conducted over a 20-day period. The questionnaires asked about job demands, job control, social support at work, depression, job performance, absenteeism, and demographics. The social support construct was structured on the source of support at work and the kinds of support were provided. Statistical analyses were conducted in the structural equation modeling approach. Social support at work was directly related to high job control, low depression, and high job performance. High score of social support at work were significantly associated with high job control, low depressive symptoms, and high job performance. By source of support, only organizational support was positively related to high job control. Organizational support was more effective than supervisor and coworker support. Any stressors and their outcomes were not differenciated by the kinds of support. This result indicated that job control was influenced more by the source of support than the kinds of support provided at work； and the most efficient source of support was the organization. Organizational support was a strong factor in improving workers" perceived controllability of their jobs from a work stress reduction perspective.tive.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.410-424
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and health behavior in girl high school students in all girl schools. The subjects were 190 girls in 2 Kunsan schools. The instruments used for this study were the social support scale developed by Park(1985) and the health behavior scale developed by Walker etc(1987). As modified by Lee & Han(1996). The data were analysed by correlation coefficient, regression coefficient using an SAS program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of social support was 3.96 and the mean score of health behavior was 3.33. 2. 1) General characteristics were related to the degree of social support: personality, spending money, friend number, exercise(p<0.05). 2) General characteristics were related to the degree of health behavior: personality, spending money, friend number, exercise, stress(p<0.05). 3. The hypothesis of this study, 'The higher the degree of social support perceived by the student, the higher the degree of health behavior' was supported(r=0.5730, p=0.0001). For these subjects, there was a significant relationship between social support and the degree of health behavior. Nurses should plan interventions in promotion health behavior with social support as a significant factor in adolescents. If so, their coping ability and well- being may be promoted.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2001

The subjects were 349 high school boys and girls who were 10th and 11th graders in Seoul, Korea. Statistical analysis included percentages, means, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, t-test, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. As a result, there were positive correlations between social support, stress reduction and increases in health behavior. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of social support, stress, and adolescents health behavior showed that social support explained 26.3％ of the variance in health behavior, The more social support subjects experienced more health behavior level and the less the correlated stress level. In the area of demographic attributes, gender, height, weight, grade level, socioeconomic level of the parents, and stress were significantly correlated, grade levels, religion, socioeconomic level of parents and social support. sibling order, religion, socioeconomic level of the parents, parents education, occupation of father. and health behavior were statistically significant The findings indicated stress was a negative factor in health behavior, and social support was a positive factor in reducing stress and promoting health behavior. To reduce adolescents stress and to promote health behavior, we should endeavor to develop realistic social support programs.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.651-668
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• 2014

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social support, life satisfaction, and school-related adjustments of adolescents. The participants were 260 junior high school students (140 male and 120 female students) from the Seoul area. They completed questionnaires on social support, life satisfaction, and school-related adjustments. The collected data were analyzed using basic descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and a multiple regression analysis. Baron and Kenny's method was used and examined, and the Sobel test was performed to determine the mediating model's significance. It was adapted to SPSS ver. 19.0 for Windows. The major findings were as follows: first, social support (parents/teacher/friend) was positively correlated with the adolescents' school-related adjustment. Second, the adolescents' life satisfaction was also positively correlated with the adolescents' school-related adjustments. In addition, social support was positively correlated with life satisfaction. It was further found that the adolescents' life satisfaction tended to play a perfectly/partially mediating role between social support and school-related adjustment; that is, social support (parents/teacher/friend) was shown to have not only a direct effect, but also an indirect effect through the adolescents' life satisfaction, on the school-related adjustments. These results clearly indicated that adolescents' life satisfaction plays a crucial role in the relationship between social support and the adolescents' school-related adjustments.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of the ego-resilience and social support on the depression among hospital nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study were 369 nurses in a hospital. We used the self-reported questionnaire to assess the level of ego-resilience, social support and depression of hospital nurses. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency, t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression. Results: The mean scores of ego-resilience, social support and depression were 42.6, 28.3 and 14.1, respectively. When scores of ego-resilience and social support were high, the level of mild and major depression of subjects decreased. The influencing factors of depression level were the department of work, ego-resilience and social support. Conclusion: The findings suggest that developing programs to improve ego-resilience and social support might be useful. Further study is required to justify the scale on ego-resilience and social support.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to compare social support and depression by gender, to investigate related factors, and to inquire effect of social support on depression by gender. Methods: This study analyzed raw data from a project funded by Jeju Province. The data were collected through home visit interview from 750 households which were selected by using randomized cluster sampling method. CES-D and MOS SSS were used for measuring depression and social support. Data obtained from 896 adults were analyzed using t-test, $x^2$ test and hierarchical regression. Results: There was no significant difference of depression prevalence, presenting 15.2% for men and 14.5% for women. The related factors were marital status, educational level, and socioeconomic status for men and only socioeconomic status for women. The result of hierarchical regression presented that social support was significant on depression, showing increase of $R^2$ from .151 to .328 when adding social support to other variables for men, increase of $R^2$ from .058 to .192 for women. Conclusion: The social support was an influential factor on depression both men and women, the development of strategies considering risk population by gender for enhancing social support to prevent and to manage depression was suggested.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual condition of social support and loneliness and to examine of the relation between social support and loneliness in migrant workers. Methods: One hundred and thirty migrant workers were sampled from two churches located at Seoul and Gyeonggi-do in order to collect basic data onmigrant workers from August to December, 2007 using a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA test. Results: 1) The average scores of social support and loneliness were $3.73{\pm}0.31$ and $2.57{\pm}0.31$, respectively. 2) With respect to the general characteristics of subjects, there was no statistically significant difference in social support, but there was a significant difference in loneliness according to religion (t=2.586, p=.001). 3) The correlation coefficient between social support and loneliness was not significant (r=-.010, p=.929). Conclusion: Social support should be considered in nursing intervention to decrease the level of loneliness in migrant workers. More studies are needed to identify variables influencing social support and loneliness in migrant workers.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.224-234
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify family stress, somatization, social support, depression and its influencing factor among middle-aged workers. Methods: The research was cross-sectional descriptive study. The subjects were 212 middle-aged workers living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Data collection was done from May 21 to 31, 2015 using self-reported structured questionnaires asking about general characteristics, family stress, somatization, social support and depression. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. Results: Mean score of family stress was 41.67 (range: 25~125), somatization 17.42 (range: 12~60), social support 69.79 (range: 12~84) and depression 13.01 (range: 0~60) and reported as depression in 34.0%. Social support (${\beta}=-.36$, p<.001), somatization (${\beta}=.28$, p<.001), family stress (${\beta}=.15$, p=.014) had significant association with depression and the most important variable was social support. Conclusion: It is suggested to check social support system in middle aged workers and needed to reinforce social support of community based on the relation of occupational category. Also, it is necessary to legalize the institutional devices to prevent and control depression to ensure industrial safety and disaster prevention.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.186-194
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• 2013

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify correlation of spiritual well-being, social support, life satisfaction and depression in the community dwelling elderly, and to explore a possibility to apply the spiritual well-being, and social support as resources to promote welfare of the elderly. Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from a convenience sample of 222 senior citizens, who visited social welfare centers in Gangwon-do from September to October, 2010. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression. Results: There were significant differences in spiritual well-being based on religion, satisfaction to religion, economic status, physical health, and life satisfaction. Social support was significantly different according to economic status, physical health, life satisfaction, and social gathering. The existential well-being, family support, and special support had a significant effect on life satisfaction, and demonstrated positive correlations with the well-being of the elderly. Conclusion: Spiritual well-being and social support have significant effects on depression and life satisfaction of senior citizens. Thus spiritual well-being and social support can be considered as important factors that improve the elderly's quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2018

Purpose: Self-efficacy encompass one's belief in one's ability to organize and achieve goals. Previous studies have not adequately examined the mediating role of self-efficacy between social support and health promotion behavior. Therefore, this study explored the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between social support and health promotion behavior among older women living alone. Methods: Participants were 145 older women living alone attending a local welfare center for seniors. They completed the Self-efficacy Scale, Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey Scale, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Data were analyzed using Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, Baron and Kenny's regression analysis and the Sobel test with the SPSS program. Results: The average social support, health promotion behavior, and self-efficacy were not high. Self-efficacy was a partial mediating role in the relationship between social support and health promotion behavior. Social support was positively correlated with self-efficacy (r=.31, p<.001) and with health promotion behavior (r=.43, p<.001), and self-efficacy was positively related with health promotion behavior (r=.39, p<.001). Conclusion: To enhance health promotion behavior in older women who live alone, intervention strategies to increase social support and self-efficacy for these women should be developed.