• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.609-623
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• 2017

Fur apparel is a representative luxury item that displays wealth and social status; however, it is also recognized as an unethical product criticized for its animal maltreatment in the production process. Understanding consumer responses to an ambivalent object, such as fur apparel, is an important research topic both academically and practically. This study investigates the hierarchical effects of perceived benefits and risks of fur apparel on consumers' emotions and purchase intention by applying the ABC model of attitudes to identify the mediating effects of consumer emotions. An online survey was conducted on 390 female consumers that verified hypotheses through structural equation modeling and bootstrapping analysis using phantom variables. The initial results of the survey showed that the relationship between perceived conspicuous benefits and purchase intention towards fur apparel was partially mediated by positive emotion. Second, the relationship between perceived epistemic benefits and purchase intention was completely mediated by positive emotion. Third, the relationship between perceived ethical risk and purchase intention was completely mediated by positive and negative emotions. Fourth, perceived social risk did not affect the purchase intention of fur apparel significantly. The results support that cognitive beliefs about the subject have a significant positive effect on behavioral intentions through emotions as suggested in the ABC model of the attitude. This study provides an in-depth understanding of consumer responses to ambivalent objects by revealing the individual mediating effects of consumers' positive and negative emotions.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.344-355
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• 2009

This study is to set up a hypothesis and a research model based on how much the relational benefits can affect customer satisfaction and long-term relationship with the theoretical and practical results of established precedent researches, to analyze the structural equation model on casual dining restaurant diners, to evaluate the research model and subsequently to provide marketing implications. First of all, social and psychological factors prove to be influential among relational benefits felt by diners-out. Secondly, customer satisfaction has influence on long-term commitment for a restaurant. In other words, the higher customer satisfaction level for a restaurant is, the stronger willingness a customer has to recommend or revisit the restaurant, as several precedent studies support. As demonstrated in indirect advantages, these social and psychological benefits felt by diners-out have mighty effects on long-term relationship orientation, and satisfaction levels prove to be an important medium which can make these influences. As a result, restaurant employees' attitude toward customers is the most important factor rather than economic benefits such as reduced price, free gifts and coupons are, since customers put social and psychological benefits forward like intimate terms with restaurant workers, a sense of stability, and a relief from uneasiness. Therefore, constant service education should be done from the start to cope with customers' demands fast and flexibly and increase customer satisfaction.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.59-74
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• 2018

It is well known that market transactions do not lead to social optima when externalities exist. Given that previous studies such as RICARDO-AEA(2014) have identified various types of external costs, we must take their magnitudes, or externalities in general, into account in order to make toll prices to achieve social optimum. Little has been done on estimation of externalities in road uses in Korea, to the best of our knowledge. We suggested to use the contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate overall social benefits and applied it to estimation of benefits of road kill prevention as a pilot study. Our empirical model has considered heteroskedasticity explicitly and its estimation result was that individual drivers were willing to pay 147 KRW on average in addition to current toll prices for prevention of road kills. We provided general discussions of externalities in road use and various internalization measures.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.54-76
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• 2017

The purpose of marketing via Facebook is to convince consumers to become fans of a brand. Facebook constructs virtual brand communities that enable brand fans to interact with these brands. This study investigates the antecedents and consequences of fan participation characterized by the breadth and depth of brand fans' like, comment, and share activities. An empirical analysis with 204 survey respondents reveals that expected benefits, such as brand information, social interaction ties, playfulness, and incentive, have positive effects on fan participation. Furthermore, fan participation increases fan's attitudinal loyalty, which then positively affects behavioral loyalty. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings as well as future research directions are also discussed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.759-768
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• 2003

This study examined the factors related to stages of dietary behavioral changes among 1449 child bearing aged women (mean age $\pm$ SD = 25.6 $\pm$ 5.3 years) residing in large cities. A self administered questionnaire was used to assess stages of dietary behavioral change, meal balance and regularity, food availability, nutrition knowledge, body mass index, nutrient intake, and psycho-social factors including self efficacy, perceived benefits and barriers, social modeling. Undesirable dietary behaviors (precontemplation and contemplation) were shown among 45.1-57.4% of the participants, among those, 33.4-43.0% were precontemplators. Participants' self efficacy scores associated with dietary changes were higher in specific situations (3.42) as compared to general situations (2.86). Similarly, they appeared to perceive more benefits (3.86) rather than barriers (2.76) by changing their inappropriate eating habits. Perception and accuracy scores of nutrition knowledge were relatively high, indicating 90.9 and 80.1, respectively. In terms of food availability at home, fresh fruits received the highest score, followed by milk and milk products, vegetables, meat, alcoholic beverages and soft drinks. In social modeling assessment, family members, as compared to friends, appeared to have better dietary habits. Stages of dietary behavioral change assessed in terms of meal regularity were associated with nutrient intake, showing higher energy and carbohydrate intakes but lower fat intake among those who belonged to the action and maintenance stage. They also presented higher self efficacy and perceived more benefits and less barriers regarding the change of undesirable eating habits. Fresh meat and vegetables were more available among those maintaining desirable dietary habits. Results of this study presented the significant relations of motivational and reinforcing social factors with stages of dietary behavioral changes and a need for the development of tailored nutrition education program considering these factors for child-bearing aged Korean women.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.244-250
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships among the psychological, social, and environmental factors influencing the utilization of senior centers among older adults in Korea. Methods: A questionnaire survey was administered to two types of older adults who lived in Seoul, Korea: 262 older adults who used senior centers (3 places) and 156 older adults who did not use senior centers. Results: Our results showed clearly that the utilization of the senior centers in Korea is affected by higher self-efficacy (odds ratio [OR], 6.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.31 to 12.32), higher perceived benefits (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.16 to 4.36), lower perceived barriers (OR, 6.43; 95% CI, 3.07 to 11.45), higher family support (OR, 4.21; 95% CI, 2.02 to 8.77), and higher support from friends (OR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.38 to 7.81). The results also showed that participants whose total travel time was 15 to 29 minutes (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.21 to 3.64) or less than 14 minutes (OR, 4.68; 95% CI, 3.41 to 8.41) were more likely to use a senior center than those who had to travel more than 30 minutes. Conclusions: This study showed that the utilization of senior centers in Korea is affected by psychological, social, and environmental factors, specifically by self-efficacy, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, social support, convenience of transportation, and total travel time to the senior centers. The effects of longer-term utilization of the senior centers by non-users on health-related outcomes in a large population warrant attention.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.97-113
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• 2014

This study investigates consumer's traits of market segmentation based on the apparel benefits. The subjects were 302 college students living in Yunnam, China. The mean, ANOVA, factor analysis, Duncan test, and K-means cluster analysis were used for statisticals analysis. The results of this study are as follows. The college students were classified, into six subdivisions, according to the apparel benefits by cluster analysis: indifference group, utility pursuit group, hedonic/brand pursuit group, individuality pursuit group, social recognition/fashion pursuit group, and pursuit benefits-minded group. In the factors of happiness-pursuing and life-centered of materialism, significant differences were found according to the groups of apparel benefits, and all factors of symbolic consumption and brand loyalty were found to have significant differences according to the groups of apparel benefits. The evaluation criteria of clothing were significantly different, depending on apparel benefits subdivision in criteria of aesthetic, socio-psychological, and utility. The use of information was shown to have significant differences, according to the groups of apparel benefits. The study results are highly expected to be utilized as useful sources in marketing plans for the midwest of China.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.121-136
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to classify pursuit of clothing benefits and analyze the relationship between pursuit of clothing benefits, lifestyle, fast fashion attitude, and cosmetics behavior of college students. Questionnaires were administered to 338 college students living in Deagu and Busan province. Data were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, $X^2$-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe-test. The findings are as follows. Pursuit of Clothing benefits typologies of college students were classified into three groups such as self-expression, pursuit of economic, and pursuit of social oriented body. In the relationship of the pursuit of clothing benefits was related to the sub-variables of lifestyle, fast fashion, and cosmetics behavior. Pursuit of Clothing benefits groups showed different the sub-variables of lifestyle, fast fashion attitude, and cosmetics behavior factors. Pursuit of Clothing benefits groups showed connected with college students and ages.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.484-497
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect that relation-building factors between beauty service stores and customers have on relationship quality and long-term orientation. Specifically, the influence of relation formation factors (relationship benefits and communication) on relationship quality (satisfaction and trust) and long-term orientation was empirically examined. This research was conducted through a questionnaire survey, and 402 adults were targeted from Jan. 6 to Jan. 16 in 2014. The results were as follows. First, the relationship benefits of beauty service stores were classified into four dimensions of psychological, social, economic, and informational benefits. It was found that only the dimension of psychological benefits had a significant influence on long-term orientation among the relationship benefits dimensions. Second, it was found that the psychological benefits of beauty service stores had positive effect on relationship quality (satisfaction and trust). It was shown that informational benefits had a significant influence on satisfaction only. Third, it appeared that communication had a positive effect on long-term orientation. Fourth, it was found that communication had a significant influence on relationship quality(satisfaction and trust). Finally, it was shown that relationship quality (satisfaction and trust) had positive effect on long-term orientation. The implications of the research and direction for future study were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.749-759
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to identify the consumer's value systems and to clarify how it influence on clothing behaviors. Values defined as fundamental goals of the consumer's behavior The value systems are composed of personal values, clothing benefits, clothing attributes. The Means-End theory provided the framework to assess consumer's value systems. This study was carried out in theoretical and empirical ways. The Questionaire was administered to 645 women in thief twenties living in Seoul during the April, 1997. The results of empirical study were as follows: First, the dimensions of personal values were composed of accomplishment, pleasure and humanity-oriented value Clothing benefits were classified into psychological and functional benefits. Psychological benefits were composed of expressive pleasure, individuality-persuit, brand value-persuit, harmony, social recognition. Functional benefits were composed of cotilfortability, practicality, quality-oriented, economic benefits. Clothing attributes were classified into the design attributes and the physical attributes. Second, consumer groups were classified into three groups by three dimensions of personal values. Third, the significant differences among the classified value groups was founded in the clothing benefits, the clothing attributes and the clothing involvement. Fourth, the demographic characteristics like income, education have influenced on the consumer value systems.