• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.333-338
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• 2022

Planning activity is complex process assuming the term "complexity" as a group of elements interconnected each other. The common knowledge about city planning underlines its main aim as: figuring the present, imaging the future, governing every day the territory and the way people use and live it at different scales. When considering the strength of technological opportunities and the spreading of ICT and IoT devices within everyday life, that mean within the life of cities, the complex nature of the urban system increases with the intensification of information and their connections. Recent orientations about urban and regional planning try to carry the discipline to a more flexible approach in respect to the hyperdeterminant role of direct technical applications. This passage is a fundamental aspect considering the faster and faster modifications of social and economic assets at the global and local scale. At the same time, the "environment question" became more and more relevant at the worldwide scale within the 2015 UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Another relevant aspect about the recent urban planning orientations regards the role of the different subjects that are part of the planning process. Approaching the government of smart cities means to define how every subject, with different roles (public or private), could enrich the knowledge of the functioning of the "urban machine" and the awareness of participation of people and city users in the quality of urban life. In the paper author starts defining recent approaches in urban planning, then the nature of the city as a complex system is analyzed from the point of view of planners and of the different subjects that act in the city. Then the smart city is introduced as a further level of complexity and finally author propose the basic element of a Planning Support System.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.92-99
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• 2022

This study show the empirical results and the models that explain the content creator's personal brand value in the user-generated content platform. Producer's brand value performance could have enhancement and dilution by their activities for the long-term and repetitive change. Therefore, for the measure and analysis, the models have to catch the effect from producer's the diverse activities. This study would find the guideline by competitive analysis between (1) the impact of in-group user's self-motivated participation and (2) the impact of the social links from the outside platform. Based on the analysis results, producer's creation activity as focused on the specific and professional category increase their brand value for the long-term. However, producers would have to upload diverse category, after users are bored to their similar videos' as before. These empirical results would be a guidelines to the content management strategies for producers and the platform.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 2001

An image exists in the thought of every subjective person and it exercises its influence over everything, having a great power in the real world. An positive image of the nurse has an influence on her faith, value and confidence, therefore increasing her job satisfaction, helping to upgrade her level of profession of nursing through qualitative nursing service as a result, considering the necessity of such an image when it comes to improvement of the profession, the confirmation of the image is indispensable to its evaluation of a speciality in nursing. This study is intended to help that improvement of the nursing profession in the present so that the total effort in every field of nursing is made and to offer basic material for developing a strategy to improve the image of nurses. This study is designed to investigate such an image descriptively. The subjects include 105 nurses, 60 doctors, 68 office workers, 88 medical engineers, 127 patients and there protectors with a total of 448 adapted with accidental sampling, who work at Y and W general hospital in Chonju. The measuring instrument consists of 40 question, with the researcher amended and made from on of Inja Song(1993), Donsoon Lee(1995), Ilsim yang(1998), and its Cronbach's alpha coefficient is .95. Data were collected from March 1 2000 to March 20, 2000 using self-reported questionnairs, analyzed with SPSS WIN 7.5 after encoding. The results are as follows: 1. Most of the subjects thinks the nursing as a hard, stressful, always busy job(more than 75%), and consider nurses as good-looking, supportive and responsible to co-workers to above average degree($50.0{\sim}74.9%$), especially it shows the idea that nursing is independently academic job and has come to fasten itself upon the public. But it shows below the everage($25.0%{\sim}49.9%$) in regard to self development as a specialist, affection for there job, an association activity, service to the community, high intelligence level and direct given patient nursing service. It also rated low as a recommendable job, independently nursing accomplishment, social position. 2. The nurses, patients and there protectors expressed more positive opinions than doctors, medical engineers, office workers about the image of the nurse(F=18.80, p=.00). This fact indicates that the former group evaluated the image similarly contrary to lowness of the latter. 3. In the study on what influenced upon the image, it defines to 79.8% by direct contact in the hospital or acquaintance with nurses, and 16.3% by mass media. 67.3% answered that they saw the image in a new light through hospitalization, which suggests an important source for the image management originates from caring for the quality of nursing service. Considering the evaluation of the image above, we need strategies to lead a unique professional knowledge and technological development, insurance of professional self-determination, high social position, participation in group activities, dedication to lifetime job, in order that nursing comes to expand as a professional occupation. Also, as for generating more positive images, we must take the quality of nursing service into account and offer and monitor correct information about the expanded role and function of the nurse continuously so that mass media reflect a more accurate image of nurses in general.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.35-45
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• 2018

Objective : Questionnaires completed by occupational therapists and patients in institutions conducting a "Pilot Project of Rehabilitation Medical Institutions" were used to determine whether occupational therapy was able to establish appropriate patient support systems for return to home and community. Methods : The questionnaire was completed by 293 occupational therapists from 13 institutions conducting pilot projects and 296 patients from 8 institutions who were able to respond. Results : Although the Pilot Project of Rehabilitation Medical Institutions is being implemented to enable early return of patients to activities of daily living, the most important therapeutic goal is not efficiently applied. In addition, since the health insurance systems utilized in medical institutions are applied as in the pilot project, there is no basis for evaluation and mediation of practical daily activities and vocational rehabilitation for actual return to the community. Conclusion : Through a detailed review of the pilot project, it will be necessary to improve the quality of life through the early return of patients to social activity, and to make practical improvements to reduce unnecessary societal expenditures.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.395-406
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• 2014

This research observes how an adolescent's usage of social network services is related with media use time, and also tries to verify how a parent's participation in acting to limit usage time serves as a mediating effect. For this analysis, data from The Korean Information Society Development Institute [Korea Media Panel Research] was used, being a survey conducted on 1,572 students from primary to secondary and high schools nationwide. The subjects' gender in the final analysis was 818 male students and 754 female students. In addition, primary school students consisted of 672 individuals, 416 were from secondary and 484 from high schools. To verify the appropriateness of the model proposed in this research, analyzed through the structural equation, using social network services(SNS) was not shown to have an effect on media usage time. However, there was an indirect effect from the use of alternative activities. In addition, the parent's limitation of usage showed no effect on media use time. This research attempts to identify the reasons why parents' limiting the usage time, along with alternative activities, do not have any significant effect in reducing media usage time in this era of smart media evolution. Further, this research hopes to suggest meaningful and political implications for the nation and society to understand and resolve media addiction.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.48-62
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• 2000

Creativity is the most important characteristic and ability in the 21st century. Recently leading people in Korean society are aware of the significance of the enhancement of the creativity. However, Korean students are less likely to take initiative or depart from standard ways of thinking or doing things, because Korean Confucius culture puts an emphasis on collectivism. An individual has an obligation to conform in order to avoid conflict and maintain social harmony. The rule of respecting parents and teachers leads to a lack of self-expression and entails silence. Brainstorming technique developed by American Osbron, who originated the group brainstorming in 1953, is the most popular creative thinking method for the students. Brainstorming technique has two principles : ideation can be more productive if criticism is concurrently excluded; The more ideas the better. In doing BS, each panel should consist of chairperson, an assistant chairperson, recorder, and 10 others including 2-3 females. However there are several problems in doing group BS, such as production blocking, uniformity thinking, evaluation apprehension, and social loafing. This study was undertaken to investigate the proper way of forming Brainstorming groups with Korean students according to the Sasang Constitutional Medicine originated by Korean Lee Je-ma in 1894. Human beings are classified in four group in Sasang Constitutional Medicine : Taeyang-In, Teaum-In, Soyang-In and Soum-In. Two Yang-Ins are more self-expressive : Taeyang-In has very unique ides and thoughts; Soyang-In is very humorous and like to present his/her ideas. On the other hand, two Um-Ins are passive and are not likely to speak out their ideas in group. Therefore, in this investigation firstly, the brainstorming group was formed with two Yang-Ins (Taeyang-In and Soyang-In) and two Um-Ins(Taeum-In and Soum-In) separately and secondly, Yang-Ins and Um-Ins were mixed. And the first method was compared with the second method in terms of the degree of participation of the group members and finally the better grouping method to produce more and better ideas was discussed and suggested for the educational system.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.219-265
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• 2018

Recently, interest in energy tranisition is rising. Energy transition requires active participation and cooperation of diverse stakeholders, including users / citizens, in that it requires not only changes in technological factors but also changes and coordination of various social factors. Living labs are attracting attention as one of the ways to do this. This article is a detailed analysis of the activities of the mini-PV living lab in the urban area from 2016 to 2017 at the Seoul, Sung Dae Goal. Through the Living Lab, mini PV DIY products, backup centers, local financial services, and the development of a variety of education and training strategies have been achieved. These activities and achievements were analyzed through questions raised on strategic, tactical, and operational levels, as well as through multi-level perspective and interaction between initiative, regime, and niche. In conclusion, this living lab activity confirmed the possibility of a 'transition lap' to solve social problems such as sustainability of energy production and utilization. In particular, it gained remarkable results in terms of the operational leves of transition management governance, that is, transition experiment, and it was also remarkable in that it was the initiative of citizens. However, it did not proceed without difficulty. In particular, structural problems such as the conflict between the flexibility inherent in living lab and the bureaucratic rigidity of the financial support organization have appeared. There was also a limitation that there was no 'transition field' on the strategic level necessary to replicate and expand strategic niches while spreading the knowledge gained from the transition experiment, forming the vision of transition.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.569-581
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine factors affecting self-rated health status among the elderly in urban areas. The study subjects were 390 persons aged 65 years and older who had lived more than 5 years in D city. Interviews from the questionnaire were conducted from June through August 2016. The distribution of self-rated health status was rated in terms of dependent variables, with odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals calculated using unconditional logistic models. As a result, 67.2% of the study subjects answered that they were healthy, whereas 32.8% were unhealthy. In the logistic regression analysis, disability and lowered IADL greatly lowered self-rated health status. The group without an occupation, living expenses from governmental subsidies, frequency of relative contents is seldom, anxiety is high, subjective sleep quality is low, satisfaction of daily life is low, had low levels of self-rated health status. Above results suggest that the self-rated health status of the elderly in urban areas is closely related to sociodemographic characteristics, physical health status, social activity participation, and psychosocial factors.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1095-1106
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop a Abdominal Obesity Elderly(AOE) Health Status Scale to assess self rated health level. The subjects of this study were total 255(pretest 56, test 199) elderly over 65year. The data were collected between June to August, 2009. The method of this study as follow: items generation, test of validity and reliability, 5 panels of experts reviewed the preliminary questionnaire and then data were collected from elderly. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, mean, standard deviation were analyzed the data by SPSS-Win 12.0 program. Results of factor analysis, 5 factors with a total of 16 items extracted that were Social level(Social participation 6 items, Physical Activity 2 items), Physical level(Disease Perception 4 items, Physical Index 2 items), Psychological level(Emotional Support 2 items). The reliability of the AOE health status scale was .868(Conbach's α). In the factor analysis Conbach's α correlations for the 5 factors ranged from .806 to .577. Therefore, Content validity, construct validity, reliability of the AOE health status scale were established. The AOE health status scale is a reliable and valid instrument which abdominal obesity elderly health status can be assessed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.175-201
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanism through which youth school-based mentoring program impacts mentees' psychological and school-related outcomes such as self-esteem, self-efficacy, and attitudes toward school. The hypothetical model was assumed that mentors could improve their mentees' developmental outcomes through positive relationships with mentors as good role models and enhancement of help-seeking orientation. To investigate the mediating effect of process-related outcomes, structural equation modeling was used. The 97 adolescents were recruited through referral and random selection from middle schools in Seoul. The result showed that the effects of program participation were mediated by proximal changes in connectedness to role models and development of help-seeking orientation that, in turn, led to facilitate more positive attitudes toward school and academic activity, and improve psychological outcomes. Practice and policy implications as well as further research topics were discussed to aid the search for highly effective mentoring programs.