• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.150-180
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• 1997

This article introduces the five functions of the national innovation system(NIS). As one of social systems in the national level, the five generic functions of open system - production, boundary spanning, maintenance, adaptation, management functions - are applied to the NIS. The production function is the primary process, which produces innovative products and services of the NIS. The boundary spanning function is the function of procuring input and disposing the innovation output or aiding in these processes. Experienced R&D human resources, R&D funds, technology etc. are some of the components of the input of the NIS. The maintenance function is responsible for maintaining smooth operation and upkeeping the system in terms of various conditions. The adaptation function is to help the system change and adapt, and scan the environment for problems, opportunites, and technological developments. It has outward orientation, from the long-term view for the survival of the system. The management function carries out planning and control of the overall activities for the other four functions in order to effectiving run the system as a whole. Finally, this article discusses implications of the diagnosis of the national innovation system and the decision making process of S&T policy.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-87
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• 2019

Purpose - This research aims to investigate the effects that the selection of oriental medicine cosmetics and brand asset attributes have on consumers' economic, emotional and social values in order to shed light on the forms and characteristics of consumption within the globally developing oriental medicine cosmetics market, and in the end positively verify how such perceived values affect purchase intention. In addition, it proposes research outcomes by comparing the differences between national and cultural consumer purchase behavior based on the comparisons of consumer groups in South Korea and China, the major markets for oriental medicine cosmetics. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on advanced research a total of 9 hypotheses were designed and questionnaires consisting of 16 questions to identify six major variables were conducted. Research was carried out centered on Seoul, South Korea, and its surrounding metropolitan area as well as Beijing and Shanghai, China, and a total of 577 sets of significant data were collected. A comparison analysis was then conducted on the data from 285 Koreans and 292 Chinese. A regression analysis and path analysis were also carried out based on a structural equation model to suggest results. Results - Research results show brand value assets had a more crucial impact on consumers' perceived value than consumer selection of oriental medicine cosmetics, while emotional value had a bigger effect on purchase intension than social or economic values. For Chinese consumers in particular, social, economic and emotional values affected purchase intention, while emotional value was the most crucial factor for Korean consumers. Conclusions - With oriental medicine cosmetics, brand characteristics and images that helped express emotional desire proved to be more effective in marketing than the performance aspect of cosmetics, including their functions and ingredients. In the end, products that highlight individual desire and emotion should be introduced instead of those that emphasize price, functions and social characteristics in order to expand the global market of oriental medicine cosmetics.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.35
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• pp.237-268
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• 2014

Examining swear words found in Korean and English, we aim to answer the following two questions: (i) 'What words develop into swear words?' and (ii) 'Why they do?' The utility of a swear word is frequently recognized as intimidation directed towards an opponent, emotional catharsis, and solidarity building among in-group members (Jay 1992, 2000, Kim 1997). We seek to go beyond this simple enumeration of possible functions of swearing and suggest an underlying mechanism at work to explain how these functions are achieved and why only certain types of words are employed in this pursuit. A close examination reveals that a swear word must contain either taboo or sadism as an essential component. Sexual pleasure adds another dimension to the basic components. Thus, if an expression contains a subset of the component set {taboo, sadism, sex} in its semantics, it becomes available for swearing (one of the underlined components must be included in the set). For example, many religiously sacred expressions and words for excretion are common swear words as they violate social and religious taboo. On the other hand, words referring to social minorities are a convenient target for sadism. Furthermore, words describing sexual activity contain all three components, violating social taboo, evoking sadism, and giving the initiator guilty sexual pleasure. A combination of the components can produce an emotional effect called catharsis for the initiator. When directed towards others, these components, especially taboo and sadism, can be exploited as a verbal attack, an intimidation, preceding or replacing a physical attack. However, solidarity building is analyzed as a secondary function of swearing, achieved by sharing a sense of accomplice when in-group members behave badly together, such as violating social taboo and committing sadism.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.883-892
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• 2018

Recently, as interest in social robots to support physical convenience and emotional sympathy has increased, and social internet has developed, a social robot has evolved as various services simply beyond robot function. Therefore, to develop a social robot service effectively, it is required to study the functional application and methods of interaction between user and social robot service. The purpose of this study is to classify social robot services and to suggest the types of elements that need to be considered in service development. To do this, we conducted in-depth case studies and analysis based on the theoretical definitions and characteristics of social robots. Then, based on the sympathy and functions, we classified social robot services into 1) emotional support type, 2) companion type, 3) guide type, and 4) life support type. In addition, in this study, we derive the considerable factors according to the classified types for the development of effective social robot services. This study will contribute to the understanding and development of various services using a social robot.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.281-287
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• 2017

The main task of landscape architecture is to create a higher quality of the environment by utilizing resources or to provide effective stewardship for the preserved environment. These outcomes enhance the correlation between humans and the environment. Landscape architect deals with direct use of market economic goods in private property resources such as capital, land, plant, structure. But it also has indirect use of non-market economic goods in public resources like scenic view from the forest, sea, urbanscape, and refreshing atmosphere. At this point, landscaping products should have a role of public goods, and even these attribute to individuals or certain group. From the results of neo-liberalism regime in modern era such as guarantee of private property, deregulation for free market, and reduction of social welfare, minority has getting less opportunity to enjoy the quality life in ecotop and social welfare. With all future, landscape architecture should have the role of social infrastructure through planning concept that ensures public interests first. The virtuous functions of Green Infrastructure is a proper tool in realizing environmental justice in that it efficiently protects environment, and distributes fair benefits to all people.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2021

The open space of the healing facility should contribute to the psychological and social healing of the users, provide a social environment for rest, and provide a design factor to support the walking path to move to the destination-connected space. In this paper, I examined the relationship between the environmental elements, spatial devices, and the characteristics of the design factors in the open space for healing facilities. As a research method, based on the analysis of previous studies, a healing facility in modern society was defined, and the relationship between the social support and physical environment factors of the healing facility where open space was considered. Through the consideration of cases, the characteristics of the physical space environment, and the design factors of the open space in the healing facility were categorized. As a result of research, open space in the healing facility is a space to promote a social exchange of users, as a physical form for accommodating psychological and social healing functions, it is necessary to construct the connection of the external space with the internal space.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.27
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• pp.423-456
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• 1997

As information technology has been evolving, digital library emerges as a vision of future library. Many authors on digital library describe that the problems that today's libraries face would be completely solved by using digital technology. But it is su n.0, pposed that such technology oriented papers do not take care of what the library has been and should remain. This paper is prepared to identify what core elements of library services being provided in traditional environment must be transferred to the digital library. For this purpose, firstly historical transition from traditional library to digital discussed. Secondly, library's fundamental service functions are analysed from three points of view-library as cultural and social institution, library as intellectual reality, library as a collection. And 'control zone' concept is also investigated as a new possibility of academic digital libraries. In contrast to open zone in which information is not controled at all as in internet, in control zone, information is selected and maintained by academic library community, retaining such essential library functions as selection.

• Architectural research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2009

Recently, intensive urban redevelopment concentrated on new towns has reduced the number of settled population, and weakened various functions such as commercial, culture, education and welfare in old towns, and made the stagnation and declination of the entire or some parts of old towns. Urban regeneration project means renewing cities' functions in terms of physical, environmental, social, cultural, industrial and economic aspects or revitalizing the existing functions through improvement project in the entire or part of a city, which is now drawing keen attention from the public. However, urban regeneration project is huge in scale, needs long construction period and various complex facilities, and also characterized by complicated relations with many stakeholders. Due to such characteristics, there are many risks in the project. Therefore, systematic risk management is absolutely necessary to efficiently manage various risk factors inherent in urban regeneration project. The purpose of this research proposes a basic model to establish risk management plan and work process in order to help project participants to perform risk management more systematically and rationally in the development phase of urban regeneration project.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1168-1188
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• 2018

Social Network Aggregators are used to maintain and manage manifold accounts over multiple online social networks. Displaying the Activity feed for each social network on a common dashboard has been the status quo of social aggregators for long, however retrieving the desired data from various social networks is a major concern. A user inputs the query desiring the specific outcome from the social networks. Since the intention of the query is solely known by user, therefore the output of the query may not be as per user's expectation unless the system considers 'user-centric' factors. Moreover, the quality of solution depends on these user-centric factors, the user inclination and the nature of the network as well. Thus, there is a need for a system that understands the user's intent serving structured objects. Further, choosing the best execution and optimal ranking functions is also a high priority concern. The current work finds motivation from the above requirements and thus proposes the design of a query processing system to retrieve information from social network that extracts user's intent from various social networks. For further improvements in the research the machine learning techniques are incorporated such as Latent Dirichlet Algorithm (LDA) and Ranking Algorithm to improve the query results and fetch the information using data mining techniques.The proposed framework uniquely contributes a user-centric query retrieval model based on natural language and it is worth mentioning that the proposed framework is efficient when compared on temporal metrics. The proposed Query Processing System to Retrieve Information from Social Network (QPSSN) will increase the discoverability of the user, helps the businesses to collaboratively execute promotions, determine new networks and people. It is an innovative approach to investigate the new aspects of social network. The proposed model offers a significant breakthrough scoring up to precision and recall respectively.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.159-165
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• 2014

Background and objectives : Social phobia is a nervous anxiety characterized by one or more constant fear in social activity or specific situation which causes serious damage to individual's social functions leading to chronic functional impairment when it is untreated. The objective of this study is to report a new finding of a possible subtype of social phobia according to a case survey and study of sufferers found via online support group. Methods : A single case review using survey and interview on patient was employed. Following a no-treatment baseline period for examination and interview, biweekly acupuncture treatment with interview for in-depth examination was delivered for 6months. Also, for in-depth investigation of peripheral vision phobia, survey questionnaire was done by the members of a Korean support group on on-line social group forum. Result : A new type of social phobia which has not yet been reported nor mentioned in any journals, namely called 'peripheral vision phobia' has been identified. Biweekly acupuncture treatment reached a comfort state of mental status on one case of patient with social phobia. Limitation : Due to the shift of environment on patient's part, the termination of the school session at where the phobia occur the most, the reoccurrence of the phobia is yet to be examined. Also, the generalization of the new type of phobia as a subtype only by reviewing one case alone with survey interview of on-line social group has limitation. Conclusion : The result of the case review suggests that 'peripheral vision phobia' is strictly concentrated on malfunctioning of peripheral vision without functional or organic hindrance of pupils or of any parts of eyes including eye muscles due to peripheral vision phobia. PVP is similar to social phobia and it may be a subtype of social phobia, however, since etiology, diagnosis, medical treatment methods are under researched, investigation is yet to be done.