• 대한지리학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.296-311
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• 2008

한라산 성판악 코스 표고 $875{\sim}$1,400m 구간의 32개 지점에서 등산로 측벽의 후퇴량, 즉 노폭의 확대 속도를 관측하고, 확대 프로세스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 조사하였다. 2002년 10월부터 2008년 4월까지 발생한 측벽의 평균 후퇴량은 50.6mm로서 후퇴 속도는 10.0mm/yr이다. 연도별로는 2006년과 2003년에 각각 최대치 18.0mm/yr와 최소치 7.6mm/yr를 기록하였다. 관측 기간을 동결기와 비동결기로 구분하면 시기별 후퇴 속도는 19.3mm/yr와 4.3mm/yr이다. 비동결기를 다시 우기와 건기로 구분하면 후퇴 속도는 각각 5.9mm/yr와 2.9mm/yr이다. 계절별로는 겨울철(42.2mm/yr), 봄철(13.0mm/yr), 가을철(6.4mm/yr), 장마철(3.3mm/yr), 여름철(1.3mm/yr)의 순이다. 토양경도와 표고는 측벽의 후퇴 속도와 명료한 상관관계를 보이지 않으나, 동결기에는 남향보다 북향 측벽에서 후퇴 쏙도가 더 크다. 겨울철 후퇴량이 전체 후퇴량의 76.7%를 차지하고 있어 등산로 측벽은 주로 서릿발 작용으로 후퇴하는 것으로 판단된다. 조사 구간은 연간 85일 정도 서릿발이 발생할 수 있는 기후 조건을 지니고 있으며, 12월의 동결 진행기, 3월과 4월의 융해 진행기에는 서릿발로 덮여 있는 측벽의 모습을 쉽게 볼 수 있다. 반면에 한라산 동사면의 약한 풍속과 교목 지대에 위치하고 있는 등산로 특성상 취식과 우적침식은 탁월하지 않다. 등산로 노면의 포장 시설로 인하여 우세의 영향도 미약하며, 동물의 영향도 나타나지 않는다. 그러나 봄철에 융설로 생긴 물웅덩이를 피하여 걷는 등산객 때문에 크게 후퇴하는 측벽도 보인다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.46-46
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• 2011

Severe sediment erosion during floods occur disaster and economic losses, but general sediment erosion is basic mechanism to move sediment from upstream to downstream river. In addition, it is important process to change river form. Check dam, which is constructed in mountain stream, play a vital role such as control of sudden debris flow, but it has negative aspects to river ecosystem. Now a day, check dam of open type is an alternative plan to recover river biological diversity and ecosystem through sediment transport while maintaining the function of disaster control. The purpose of this paper is to verify sediment erosion progress of river bottom and bank as first step for river restoration after dam slit by cross-sectional shear stress and critical shear stress. Study area is upstream reach of slit check dam in mountain stream, named Wasada, in Japan. The check dam was slit with two passages in August, 2010. The transects were surveyed for four upstream cross-sections, 7.4 m, 34 m, 86 m, and 150 m distance from dam in October 2010. Sediment size was surveyed at river bottom and bank. Sediment of cobble size was found at the wetted bottom, and small size particles of sand to medium gravel composed river bank. Discharge was $2.5\;m^3/s$ and bottom slope was 0.027 m/m. Excess shear stress (${\tau}_{ex}$) was calculated for hydraulic erosion by subtracting the values of critical shear stress (${\tau}_{c}$) from the value of shear stress (${\tau}$) at river bottom and bank (${\tau}_{ex}=\tau-{\tau}_c$). Shear stress of river bottom (${\tau}_{bottom}$) was calculated using the cross-sectional shear stress, and bank shear stress (${\tau}_{bank}$) was calculated from the method of Flintham and Carling (1988). $${\tau}_{bank}={\tau}^*SF_{bank}((B+P_{bed})/(2^*P_{bank}))$$ where $SF_{bank}=1.77(P_{bed}/p_{bank}+1.5)^{-1.4}$, B is the water surface width, $P_{bed}$ and $P_{bank}$ are wetted parameter of the bed and bank. Estimated values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ for a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$ were lower as 25.0 (7.5 m cross-section), 25.7 (34 m), 21.3 (86 m) and 19.8 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, than critical shear stress (${\tau}_c=62.1\;N/m^2$) with cobble of 64 mm. The values were insufficient to erode cobble sediment. In contrast, even if the values of ${\tau}_{bank}$ were lower than the values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ as 18.7 (7.5 m), 19.3 (34 m), 16.1 (86 m) and 14.7 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, excess shear stresses were calculated at the three cross-sections of 7.5 m, 34 m, and 86 m distances compare with ${\tau}_c$ is 15.5 N/$m^2$ of 16mm gravel. Bank shear stresses were sufficient for erosion of the medium gravel to sand. Therefore there is potential to erode lateral bank than downward erosion in a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$. Undercutting of the wetted bank can causes bank scour or collapse, therefore this channel has potential to become wider at the same time. This research is about a potential of sediment erosion, and the result could not verify with real data. Therefore it need next step for verification. In addition an erosion mechanism for river restoration is not simple because discharge distribution is variable by snow-melting or rainy season, and a function for disaster control will recover by big precipitation event. Therefore it needs to consider the relationship between continuous discharge change and sediment erosion.