• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2006

Functional Electrical Stimulation(FES) cause paralysed muscles to contract in some clinical circumstances. Generally, FES has been thought of as a valuable tool in activating any skeletal muscle paralysed as a result of upper motor neuron damage. But, the function of cardiac and smooth muscle is also affected by upper motor neuron damage. Today, various applications of FES are investigated, including conditioning cardiovascular exercise, caugh and breathing assistant, improving bowel and bladder control, hand grasp, standing and walking etc. This review will focus on the literature reporting application of FES to control respiratory capabilities and internal organ function as well as increase muscular strength, hand grasp, standing and walking in patients with upper motor diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.98-98
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• 2001

It has been suggested that hyperuricemia is related to the development of essential hypertension. Hypertensive patients with hyperuricemia has decreased glomerular filtration activity as compared to normotensive patients with hyperuricemia. These studies indicates uric acid concentrations in blood is associated with hypertension, Probenecid is an uricosuric agent which decreases uric acid reabsorption at the proximal tubule. Recently, we have shown that probenecid exerts anti-hypertensive action in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Considering these results, I have designed a series of experiments to explore potential mechanism of antihypertensive action, of probenecid. In isolated rat thoracic aorta. probenecid significantly prevented phenylephrine-induced contraction of the blood vessel. When endothelium removed blood vessels were used, probenecid produced same effect as the intact blood vessels, indicating that probenecid directly act through the ${\alpha}$ -adrenergic receptor in vascular smooth muscles rather than through endothelium. These results suggest that one of the mechanism of antihypertensive effects of probenecid is due to the direct inhibition of ${\alpha}$ -adrenergic receptor in blood vessels.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.565-568
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• 2017

An oval-shaped mass with a smooth surface was found in the ear canal of a 22-month-old male infant. Although the mass appeared to be almost entirely blocking the ear canal, it was successfully removed under a surgical microscope without general anesthesia at the outpatient department. Under an optical microscope with hematoxylin and eosin staining, the specimen was observed to have a cuticle with a serrated surface and a pore canal, as well as parts of the capitulum, salivary glands, muscles, midgut, and the legs. The specimen was identified as a hard tick of the family Ixodidae, based on gross and histological findings. This paper is the first report in Korea on the diagnosis and treatment of a tick bite in the ear canal.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 1978

Histological changes of the abalone muscle occurring in the process of freezing as well as thawing were investigated, and its results were compared to the histological structure of fresh muscle. The muscles of the abalone were mainly composed of smooth muscle fibres, and its morphological structures is similar to those of the top shell. Mechanical damgage of the muscle fibres caused by freezing were not observed while a number of small ice crystals were found between the muscle fibres. The damage by thawing was not much remakable compare to the destruction of muscle fibres of fish.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2 s.28
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• pp.184-197
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effects of Kamikwakjeongtang by using the experimental animals. the action on gastrointestinal smooth muscles. the action of gastric juice secretion, the action of antiulcer. the transport ability of intestinal contents. the action of anticatharsis and the actions on the central nervous system were studied. The results were as follow: 1. Spontaneous motility of the isolated ileum of mice was suppressed and antiacetylcho-line chloride action was recognized. 2. Anti-action on barium chloride of fundus-strip of white rat was recognized. 3. Supression effects on gastric juice secretion. free acidity was recognized. 4. Preventive effect on the ulcer induced by pylorus-ligated was recognized. 5. Supression effects of large intestinal transport ability was recognized. 6. Anti-carthartic action was shown but was not recognized. 7. Analgesic effect by the acetic-acid method and prolonged effect of the total sleep time by pentobarbital-Na were recognized. According to the above results, effects based on oriental medical reference were consistent with the actual experimental effects.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 1982

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) found in duodenal mucosa originally has been suggested as a neurotransmitter. Its localization, however, now known, is not limited to the gastrointestinal tract, but scattered at many different kinds of tissues, smooth muscles, endocrine gland and exocrine gland as well as central and peripheral neural tissues. To investigate the effect of VIP on renal function, an experiment has been done in anesthetized male rats. The results obtained were: 1) Urinary output and creatinine clearance decreased significantly during the period of infusion of VIP, 2.0ug/rat/7minutes. 2) Urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride decreased but without significance by infusion of VIP. 3) Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, decreased by VIP administered intravenously in the period of infusion. 4) Changes of urinary output, sodium and chloride excretion was correlated with changes of creatinine clearance. The above data suggest that VIP administered intravenously can suppress the renal hemodynamics indirectly, and also decrease electrolyte excretion through its renal hemodynamic change.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 2003

Glomus tumors are uncommon lesions of glomus cell origin with structural and immunohistochemical features of smooth muscles. Primary glomus tumors of the lung and bronchus are extremely rare and only several cases have been reported. A 16-year-old woman was admitted for the complaint of productive cough, fever, and dyspnea. Imaging studies revealed a protruding mass in the left main bronchus and the mass was completely resected via a left thoracotomy incision. We report this case with literature review.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.181-194
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• 1996

The effects of Sanjoinine-A, an alkaloid isolated from Zizyphus spinosus semens, on central nervous system and general pharmacology were studied. In summary, Sanjoinine-A depress the spontaneous locomotor activity without motor incoordination and it has slight analgesic effect. Those effects are qualitatively similar to that of diazepam but its potency is much lower than diazepam(20 times). Sanjoinine-A does not depress the electric or pentylenetetrazole induced convulsion. Those effects are dissimilar with that of diazepam. Sanjoinine-A slightly depress the spontaneous or acethylchollne induced motility of smooth muscles but degree of depressant effect was variable to tissues. Sanjoinine-A does not show any effects on digestive system, blood, kidney fuction and neural ganglion.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 1999

A new antibiotic bead, CJ-40003 is a combination of three antibiotics, tobramycin, vancomycin and cefazolin embedded in bone cement, for the treatment of osteomyelitis. To evaluate the general pharmacological properties of CJ-40003, the effects of its active ingredients were investigated in mice, rats, dogs and isolated guinea pig ileum. The combination of three antibiotics (CA) did not affect general behavior, central nervous system, smooth muscles, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and respiratory system and water and electrolytes excretion when administered intravenously at the doses of 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively, into experimental animals. The CA had no effect on the contractile response of the isolated guinea pig ileum to various spasmogen at concentrations of 1, 3 and 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. In conclusion, the active ingredients of CJ-40003 showed no pharmacological effect in these studies.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.240-245
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• 1990

Asymmetric 2, 6-dimethyl-4-aryl-1, 4-dihydropyridine-3, 5-dicarboxylate with [N-(3, 4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-N-methyl] aminoethyl group as the ester moiety and related 1, 4-dihydropyridine derivatives were prepared and tested for the effects on vascular smooth muscles. 2-6-dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)1-4-dihydropyridine-3, 5-dicarboxylic acid 3-[N-(3', 4-methylenedioxybenzyl-N-methyl] aminoethyl ester 5-methyl ester (11) and 2, 6-dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1, 4-dihydropyridine-3, 5-icarboxylic acid 3-[N-2', 3'-methylenedioxybenzyl)-N-methyl] aminoethyl ester 5-ethyl ester (150 showed potent vasodilating activities $IC_{50}$($10_{-8}M$) was 2, 6 and 2.7 for 11 and 15, compared with 3.5 for nicardipine.