• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.276-284
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• 2013

This study compared levels of health and dietary behavior practices and health beliefs according to the stage of weight loss behavior change of Korean male workers. A self-administered survey questionnaire was collected from 411 male adult workers residing in Seoul, Kyeonggi, Chungcheong region. Practices of health related behavior, including smoking, drinking, exercise, work related physical activity, and dietary behavior according to dietary guidelines were evaluated. In addition, the levels of perceived benefit, perceived barrier, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and perceived cue to action from the health belief model were measured according to the stages of weight loss behavior change. Significant differences in BMI, level of daily exercise, and practices of dietary behavior according to dietary guidelines were observed among stages of weight loss behavior change. Subjects who were in action/maintenance stage showed a more desirable level of health behavior and health belief model variables, except perceived barrier. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that subjects with different stages of behavior change need an appropriate specific nutrition education method and material for improvement of nutrition education efficacy.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze addiction prevention related content shown in middle school text books. Methods: Using a combination of the terms "addiction", "drug", "medicine", "personal preference", "smoking", "drinking", "sex", "misuse" or "abuse" as key words, the researchers screened the table of contents of 23 randomly selected middle school textbooks from the 2009 curriculum. Finally 13 textbooks (physical education=10, health=3) were selected for this study, and analyzed using Krippendorff's contents analysis. Results: Through indepth discussion and investigation of the relevant textbooks, content related to addiction prevention included material addiction (77.8%) and behavioral addiction (22.2%). The construction of addiction prevention in middle school textbooks included understanding addiction, rejection of peer temptation, and empowerment of self-control. Conclusion: When developing an intervention for addiction prevention that targets middle school students, education with accurate addiction information must be considered so that the students have the correct knowledge about addiction and addiction prevention. Additionally, the ability to reject peer temptation when invited to act upon related addiction behaviors should be treated seriously. The empowerment of self-control is also important, and can be promoted through strengthening self-regulation competence.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2002

Nowadays a huge variety of products that aim to assist to quit smoking or reduce addictive symptoms are developed and manufactured with safety evaluation, but the safety of the most recent products of interest which do not contain tobacco and nicotine, and shape cigarettes is not evaluated and guaranteed relatively. This study was carried out to evaluate the single and repeated dose inhalation toxicity and genotoxicity of H menthol (Nicotine free-tobacco free) herbal cigarettes provided by Cigastop Ltd. in ICR mice. In this study, doses which we determined to expose to mice were 40 cigarettes for 6 hours a day to mice in single dose and 20 (high dose), 10 (middle dose) and 5 cigarettes (low dose) a day for 28 days in repeated dose inhalation toxicity, in vivo chromosome aberration test and micronucleus test. The particulate substances from H menthol herbal cigarettes also were gathered and used in the Salmonella typhimurium/microsome assay (Salmonella test; Ames test). We could find neither significant changes between control and treatment groups nor dose-response effects of test material at all except serum Ca level of female middle dose treatment group in repeated dose inhalation toxicity test. In conclusion, H menthol herbal cigarettes, when applied clinically intended dose we used, might not show any toxic and/or mutagenic effect.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1633-1637
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• 2012

Introduction: The incidence of oral premalignant and malignant lesions is on the rise due to an increased number of people taking in tobacco and alcohol related habits. Material and Methods: 1028 patients with tobacco, alcohol and areca nut habits attending our Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology formed the study sample. An interviewer based questionnaire was used to record the habit details. All the patients were then examined clinically for the presence of lesions. Chi square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess the statistical significance of the study parameters. Results: Males had a higher prevalence and comprised 87.9% of the sample. The commonest habit in this study sample was smoking (39.2%) followed by smokeless tobacco use (28.1%). Out of the 1028 patients with habits 40% had no clinically detectable changes in their mucosa. Of the mucosal changes leukoplakia (14%) was the commonest. Conclusions: This study provided information about the habit trends in the patients visiting this institution. The study may serve as a useful tool in educating the patients about the deleterious effects of oral tobacco, alcohol and betel exposure.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.199-212
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• 2015

Environmentally-friendly whole-cut designs can minimize carbon dioxide emissions which are harmful to the earth, and reduce energy, labor force and time in cutting or sewing clothes. The design and way of wearing clothing will be investigated by classifying whole-cut clothing appearing in the history of costume and past traditional outfits such as Drapery, a Pancho, Tunic, or Loincloth. According to the results from the analysis of whole-cut methods applied in design, they were classified as follows: whole-cut, utilizing square-panels as is, pleats, smoking, lip band, origami, cutting way, and subtraction-cutting whole-cut design. The whole-cut design utilizing square panel as it is can minimize the waste of energy and material but can also maximize the possibility of circulation by recycling. In utilizing an all square panel, it broke away from the existing whole-cut in the western pattern, namely, the pattern of clothes clinging to the body, and was found to have new aesthetic value with a new approach. Due to the whole-cut method having a restriction in the use of dart and line cutting in its designing process, there were only designs that did not show the body line, such as designs clinging to the body. Therefore we developed a design similar to those that cling to the body by whole-cut, In addition, the work produced was with high efficiency and variability, which produces simple designs but can be worn in a variety of ways.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.662-668
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• 2018

Most electric rooms are located in the underground spaces of buildings. When a fire occurs in electrical equipment, the fire expands to cable insulation material, resulting in toxic smoke and combustion products. If the smoke and combustion products quickly move vertically and horizontally, the evacuation of occupants and firefighting activities will be hindered. Therefore, it is necessary to design optimal equipment for smoke control in cases of fires in electric rooms. This study analyzes the characteristics of smoke and combustion products in fires in a cubicle-type switchboard in an electric room using PyroSim, which is based on the program Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The fire modeling consists of four scenarios according to the operation mode of the mechanical ventilation equipment, the amount of air supply and exhaust, and the location of the air supply slot. The analysis shows that the mechanical ventilation equipment improves the smoke density, visibility, carbon monoxide concentration, and temperature characteristics. The visibility and temperature characteristics were improved when the air flow rate and the location of the air supply slot from fire defense regulations were applied.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.289-299
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• 2003

The autogenous free gingival graft is the most predictable procedure currently used to increase the width of　the attached gingiva in periodontics. But the major disadvantage of the procedure is to create the multiple surgical wounds at both a donor site and a recipient site. The other problem is the limited amount of available　graft material in oral cavity. Therefore, recent researches have been focused to develop the biomaterial to substitute the autogenous gingival tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histologic healing after　grafting of bilayer artificial dermis, compared to the free gingival graft. Four non-smoking subjects (mean age, 32.5 years) in systemically healthy state and good oral hygiene were selected according to their particular needs for correction of mucogingival problems as suggested by Nabers(1966). The recipient sites were prepared through the procedure for the free gingival graft and were grouped according to the graft materials: Experimental group(n=5) - bilayer artifcia1 dermis ($Terudermis^{(R)}$; Terumo Co. Japan) and Control group(n=6) - free gingival graft with autogenous palatal mucosa. Biopsies were harvested at 1,2,3 and 6 weeks postsurgery to evaluate histologically. At the third week in the experimental group and at the second week of in the control group, the grafts has been clinically stabilized on the recipient bed and the graft border has been blended into the surrounding tissue. In the experimental group after 1 week of grafting, the epithelial migration from the adjacent tissue to graft material was seen and after 3 weeks of grafting, the : nflmmation decreased, collagen layer of the artificial dermis was lost and the basement membrane of epithelium was formed. After 6 weeks of grafting, both groups demonstrated orthokeratinized epithelium and increased thickness of epithelial tissue and the rete peg formation, similar to the adjacent tissue, Histologic evaluation revealed a biologic acceptance and incorporation of the collagen layers of the graft tissue to the host tissue, without foreign body reaction. In conclusion, a bilayer artificial dermis is essentially similar to autogeneous free gingival graft in the correction of mucogingival problems, and has the advantages of decreased patient morbidity (no donor site) and availability of abundant amounts of graft material when needed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.113-127
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between sexual attitude and risk behaviors, between risk behavior and sexual experiences in Korean girls high school students. The subjects for this study were 522 girls, who were samples from a target population of 63,375 11th grade students from 200 regular high schools and 70 vocational high schools in Seoul. The data were collected from June 22 to July 18, 2002. A structured questionnaire was used that included measurement of general characteristics, sexual attitudes, risk behaviors and sexual experiences. The data were processed with the SAS program, which uses descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA in its an alyses. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The frequency of sexual experience is as follows ; 'holding hands' had the highest percentage, 57.4 7%, followed in order by 'arms around' 50.19%, 'act of embracing' 50.19%, 'kiss' 37.74%, 'french kiss' 30.84%, 'touch breasts' 8.62%, 'touch sexual organs' 3.26%, 'coitus' 2.30%, 'contraception' 0.77%, 'pregnancy' 0.19%, 'abortion' 0.19%, and 'prostitution' 0.19%. 2. The score of conservatives types was significantly different depending upon exposure to pornographic material and drinking. In comparison, the score of permissiveness types was significantly different depending upon exposure to pornographic material, drinking, and running away from home. But the score of pleasure seeking types was not significantly different than that of the risk behaviors types. 3. There was statistically significant difference in the sexual experience depending upon exposure to pornographic material, drinking, smoking, and running away from home. 4. In the relationship between sexual attitude types and sexual experience, there was a negative correlation between the conservatives types and sexual experiences such as 'holding hands', 'arms around', 'act of embracing', 'kiss', 'french kiss', 'touch breasts', 'touch sexual organs', and 'coitus'. There was a positive correlation between the permissiveness types and sexual experiences such as 'holding hands', 'arms around', 'act of embracing', 'kiss', 'french kiss', 'touch breasts', 'touch sexual organs', and 'coitus'. There was also a positive correlation between the pleasure-seeking types and sexual experiences such as 'touch sexual organ', 'contraceptions', 'pregnancy', and 'prostitution'. Based on the finding of this study, this society should develop a integrated program to prevent risk behaviors and sexual experiences in girls high school students.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2007

Background: The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the lung has been increasing worldwide, and it has been generally been accepted to be relatively unrelated to smoking with a female preponderance. The aim of this study was to examine the gender-related pathological and survival differences in patients with an adenocarcinoma of the lung. Material and Method: A retrospective review of the clinical information of patients diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma of the lung at Kosin Medical Center from January 1999 to September 2005 was performed. The patient's demographics (age, gender), smoking history, stage, serum tumor marker, pathology classification, EGFR mutation, K-ras mutation, treatment methods, and survival time were analyzed. Result: Of the 438 patients, 179 (40.9%) were female. The median age at the diagnosis was 58 years for females and 59 years for males. However, 25.8% of women and only 17.7% of men were under 50 years of age (p=0.02). The distribution of the disease stage was similar in both men and women. The bronchioloalveolar carcinoma component was diagnosed more often in women (11.2%) than in men (5.0%). The overall survival rate was higher in women than in men (p=0.01), and women had a superior therapeutic response to a combined treatment of surgery and chemotherapy. Conclusion: This study showed significant genders differences in terms of the smoking history, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma component, overall survival, and survival after combined treatment of surgery and chemotherapy. Therefore, gender differences should be considered when diagnosing and treating adenocarcinomas of the lung.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2007

Background：Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the palatine tonsils represents approximately 15-23% of all intraoral SCC. The most frequently reported risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer are smoking and alcohol. In a recent overview of HPV and tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma(TC), 51% contained HPV DNA, and HPV-16 being the most frequent type. We aimed to clarify whether HPV directly effects on the oncogenesis and biologic behavior of TC by comparison with infection prevalence, and physical status of virus. Material and Method：We used HPV genotyping DNA chip(Biocore, Korea, Seoul) arrayed by multiple oligonucleotide probes of L1 sequence of 26 types of HPV and HPV genotypes are identified by fluorescence scanner. The copy numbers of HPV E2 and E6 open reading frames(ORF) were assessed using a TaqMan-based 5'-exonuclease quantitative real-time PCR assay. The ratio of E2 to E6 copy numbers was calculated to determine the physical status of HPV-16 viral gene. Results：We observed a significant difference in HPV prevalence between 52 TCs and 69 CFTs(73.1% vs. 11.6%), and most of the HPVs were type 16(87.2%)and non-episomal(94.1%) state. Conclusions：This study regarding HPV infection prevalence and mechanism in the largest population of palatine tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma with chronic follicular tonsillitis revealed significant difference pf HPV prevalence between TC and CFT. Most of HPV were 16 type and integrated or mixed, HPV-16 integration could be directly related to tonsillar carcinogenesis.