• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.766-779
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the burden on families who live with an elderly person suffering from senile dementia, and the degree of their depression. There were 400 participants in this study, staying in the Seoul and Kyonggi areas from August 1, 1997 to February 28, 1998. Among the group, 100 participants took care of their patient at home, and another 300 participants left 100 patient at a day-care center, 100 sanatorium for senile dementia(asylum for helpless elderly people), 100 an infirmary for elderly people. Eventually 242 subjects out of the 400 were selected for the data analysis. The Zarit (1980) tool was employed to measure the degree of burden and Zung's(1965) “Self-Rating Depression Scale” was employed for the data analysis. The data was analyzed, and the percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Person's Correlation Coefficient were calculated. The results are as follows : 1. The average degree of burden that care-giving families felt was 49.13, which is somewhat high. 2. The average degree of depression that care -giving families felt was 51.95, which is relatively high. 3. The degree of burden was directly affected by the relation with the patient(F＝2.48, P＜.05), and the socio-economic status of the family(F＝5.17, P＜.05). Its also affected by the patient's educational status(F＝2.17, P＜.05). 4. The degree of depression of the family was significantly dependent on sex(t＝-2.05, P＜.05), age (F＝2.99, P＜.05), the relationship with the patient(F＝3.65, P＜.01), socio-economic status (F＝7.74, P＜.001), occupation(t＝2.82, P＜.01), health status(F＝4.42, P＜.01), and the place of residence(F＝4.30, P＜.01), The patient characteristics was significantly dependent on his/her educational status(F＝3.85, P＜.01), the period of suffering from senile dementia(F＝2.47, P＜.05), and smoking habit(F＝6.17, P＜.001). 5. The relationship between the degree of burden and that of depression reads r＝0.43, which is statistically positive correlation in the high significant level. Upon analyzing the entire summation, most care-givers for elderly patients suffering from senile dementia lack time in caring for themselves. They also experience chronic fatigue and mental discomfort caused by the isolation from society, curtailment of certain activities, a sense of responsibility for their patients, and limits of their endurance in taking care of their patients over time. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the necessity for the following propositions : 1. In order to measure the degree of burden that Korean care-giving families undergo, a new tool must be developed on the basis of Korean culture. 2. An educational program based on the demands that care-giving families undergo must be developed, and its clinical effect also has to be examined.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.588-598
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• 2013

This study was conducted to assess needs of educational mobile application (App) development for nutritional management and information on pregnant women. A total of 105 pregnant women were investigated on general characteristics, dietary habits, health behavior and needs for contents and composition of the application. The mean age of the subjects was 31.9 years and the mean gestation period was 25.4 weeks. The rate of skipping meal was 39.0% and the rate of irregular meal time was 46.6%. The consciousness of the meal as balanced nutrition and health was 19.9%. Eating out at least forth a week was 35.3%. Obtaining information about pregnancy and childbirth were internet (35.3%), hospital or health center (19.9%), books (17.1%), experience (15.2%), mobile (8.6%) and friends or acquaintances (4.8%). If the application is developed, subject replied 'frequently use' (51.4%), 'when needed' (47.6%) respectively. The favour topic in developing application were 'nutrition information of pregnant and fetal' (36.2%), 'weight management, feeding' (33.3%), 'food choice and cooking' (21.9%), 'shopping' (5.7%), 'example of menu' (1.9%), 'effect of smoking, drinking, exercising' (1.0%). The favorite content was 'include sufficient amount about information' (44.8%). Depending on the age and education level, the best age for pregnancy group have significantly higher ability for utilize and information gathering than old age pregnant group. Also the best age for pregnancy group have high demands of design, convenience and various contents in App development. Therefore, mobile application (App) for pregnant women could be widely used as an effective dietary guide.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.493-506
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of people in general characteristics about oral malodor. The subjects in this study are 184 people who visited the clinical practice lab at J health college to get their teeth scaled. After conducting a survey from May 1 to June 3, 2008, we selected four different ares and then analyzed the answer sheets from 179 respondents including smoking/nonsmoking, scaling experience, toothbrushing frequency and the use of oral hygiene supplies. SPSS WIN 12.0 program was used to make a frequency analysis and cross analysis. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. Concerning an intention of treatment for oral malodor, 37.4% didn't intend to receive treatment even in case of having bad breath. 28.5% didn't yet have any definite idea about that, and 20.7% had no mind to do that at all. 10.6% had an intention to receive treatment, and 2.8% want to receive treatment. 2. As for how to cope with oral malodor in case of suffering from it, 47.5% chewed gums or ate candy. 25.1% scarcely care about that, and 15.6% covered their mouth whenever they spoke. 9.5% had little confidence about talking to others, and 2.2% found it difficult to build an amicable interpersonal relationship. 3. Concerning what to do about another person's oral malodor, 40.8% did nothing, and 19% talked to the person about that. 17.3% gave him or her chewing gum. Among their oral health characteristics, toothbrushing frequency made a significant difference to the way they responded to another person's oral malodor(p<.05). 4. As to subjective feelings about another person's oral malodor, 41.9% just found it bearable. 36.9% were a little displeased, and 9.5% never felt bad about another person's bad breath. 8.9% tried to avoid the person, and 2.8% advised him or her to chew gum. 5. Regarding an intention of participating in a oral malodor program, 46.9% had no idea about that. 31.3% intended to participate in the program, and 13.4% wanted to do that without fail. 6.1% had no mind for that, and 2.2% were never going to do that. Among characteristics of the user oral hygiene device made a significant difference whether to participating in the oral malodor program(p<.05).

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2011

분진에 노출된 집단의 흉부 디지털영상에서 진폐 소견에 따라 흉부 저선량 CT영상에서 발견된 소견을 비교 분석하였다. 2007년 4월부터 2008년 8월 사이 일개 진폐정밀건강진단기관에 내원한 진폐정밀건강진단 대상자 남자 328명에 대해 저선량 CT촬영을 실시하였고, 진폐 판독경험이 많은 1명의 영상의학과 전문의가 판독하였다. 흉부 디지털영상의 진폐 소견은 국제노동기구 흉부 영상 분류법(ILO, 2000)따라 아날로그 표준 사진을 참조하여 2명의 영상의학과 전문의가 합의 판독한 결과로부터 얻었고, 소음영의 병형에 따라 진폐 소견이 없는군(87명, 26.5%)과 있는군(241명, 73.5%)으로 분류하였다. 진폐 소견이 있는군에서 나이(60.9 vs. 65.0, p<0.001)와 분진노출기간(17.0 vs. 19.2, p=0.024)이 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았지만, 흡연력은 차이가 없었다. 전체 대상자 328명 중 245명(74.7%)이 저선량 CT영상에서 13 종류의 소견이 발견되었다. 진폐 소견이 없는군 보다 있는군에서 관상동맥 석회화 소견이 통계학적으로 의미 있게 높은 빈도를 보였고(25.3% vs. 36.9%, p=0.049), 벌집모양 소견도 높은 빈도를 보였다(1.2% vs. 6.2%, p=0.079). 하지만, 저선량 CT영상에서 진폐 소음영을 시사하는 작은 결절은 진폐 소견이 없는 군에서 더 높은 빈도를 보여 흉부 디지털영상이 민감도가 낮았다. 이상의 결과에서 분진 노출에 의한 진폐 소견이 저선량 CT영상의 관상동맥 석회화 소견과 유의한 관련성을 보였지만, 독립적인 위험요인임을 규명하기 위해서는 관상동맥 혈관 조영술을 이용한 전향적인 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.289-301
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the current status of consumption of energy drinks among college students and investigate the effects of general environmental factors, health behavior factors, caffeine knowledge levels, and perceived stress levels on consumption of energy drinks. Methods: A survey was conducted among a total of 479 college students in Gwangju, using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of items about general environmental factors, health behavior, caffeine knowledge, perceived stress, and energy drink consumption behaviors. Results: 69.1% of participants experienced consumption of energy drinks, and specifically 82.8% of male students and 54.1% of female students experienced consumption of energy drinks (p<0.001). The reasons for drinking energy drinks were found to be recovery from fatigue, curiosity, taste, habit, thirst relief, and stress relief. In addition, 40.7% of participants experienced drinking energy drinks mixed with alcohol, and specifically 48.6% of male students and 27.4% of female students reported drinking energy drinks with alcohol (p<0.001). Moreover, 51.5% of participants responded that they experienced the effects of energy drinks, 31.9% reported experiencing adverse effects, and 41.1% were found to perceive the health risks. As a result of the assessment of caffeine knowledge, the participants showed a high level of knowledge of the arousal effect (77.7%) and the concentration increasing effect (70.8%) of caffeine, whereas they exhibited a low level of understanding of the health problems due to caffeine (32.6%) and adequate caffeine intake levels (24.4%). The higher levels of consumption experience of energy drinks was associated with higher body mass indexes (BMI) (p<0.01), higher academic years (p<0.01), lower levels of interest in health (p<0.05), smoking (p<0.001), alcohol consumption (p<0.05), and higher levels of perceived stress (p<0.05). Conclusions: The risk groups related to consumption of energy drinks among college students were identified as male students rather than female students, students in the third or fourth year of study associated with increased stress levels, and students with negative health behaviors. Therefore, support for diverse health and nutrition education for college students is required along with the improvement of internal and external environments of schools in order for college students to manage increased stress levels due to the schoolwork and preparation for employment and maintain positive health behaviors.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the associated factors of self-reported dry mouth in adults. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 249 adults in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do from June to October, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, age, monthly income, smoking, alcohol drinking, and systemic diseases including systemic diseases, medication, oral health status, and stress. The question for dry mouth consisted of dryness in skin, eyes, lips, and nasal mucosa. The subjective dry mouth consisted of 6 questions measured by visual analogue scale(VAS). Cronbach's alpha was 0.881 in the study. Oral health related quality of life (OHIP-14) was adapted from Yoon. The questionnaire for OHIP-14 included functional limitation, physical pain, psychological disability, social disability, and experience in hadicap measured by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach's alpha was 0.885 in the study. Data was analyzed for a t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis by using SPSS(SPSS 18.0, USA) program. Results: There were positive correlations between oral health-related quality of life and self-reported dry mouth (functional limitation r=0.288, physical pain r=0.219, psychological discomfort r=0.193, physical disability r=0.280, psychological disability r=0.205, social disability r=0.224 and handicap r=0.270). In the multiple regression analysis, variation of self-reported dry mouth were positively associated with dry eyes{very often(${\beta}=0.305$)), sometimes(${\beta}=0.186$)}, dryness on lips{very often(${\beta}=0.247$), sometimes(${\beta}=0.177$)}, handicap(${\beta}=0.152$), physical disability(${\beta}=0.128$) and alcohol drinking(1-2 times/week)(${\beta}=0.116$) (p<0.001). Conclusions: Self-reported dry mouth may cause deterioration of the entire body dryness(dryness on eyes and lips), low oral health-related quality of life(handicap and physical disability) and alcohol drinking. Thus, It is necessary to develop oral health education programs to prevent and manage dry mouth in adults.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2013

모설(hairy tongue)은 혀의 사상유두(filiform papillae)가 과도하게 신장되어 발생하는 질환이다. 임상적으로 혀의 배면후방 1/3 부위에 주로 발생하며, 혀의 측면과 첨부에 생기는 경우는 드물다. 섭취하는 음식물과 색소유발 박테리아 등에 따라 백색에서 갈색, 검은색까지 다양한 색의 착색을 보인다. 대부분 증상이 없지만, 환자들은 주로 심미적인 문제로 병원을 찾으며, 드물게 오심, 구취, 미각이상, 불쾌한 느낌 등을 유발할 수 있다. 정확한 병인은 알려져 있지 않지만, 구강위생 관리 소홀, 구강 내 세균총의 변화, 감염, 방사선치료, 항생제, 면역 억제제 등의 사용, 과도한 음주, 흡연, 타액분비 감소 등이 소인으로 작용할 수 있다. 임상 소견이 매우 전형적이므로 육안으로도 진단이 충분히 가능하며, 생검은 필요하지 않다. 모설의 치료는 기본적인 유발요인들을 찾아서 제거해 주며, tongue cleaner 등을 이용해 혀를 부드럽게 닦아주도록 교육하고, 일부 경우에 있어서는 keratolytic agent를 사용하기도 한다. 모설 치료에 외과적 술식을 사용하는 경우는 드물지만, 유발 요인 제거 등의 다양한 치료법을 적용하였음에도 불구하고 장기간 호전이 없는 모설 환자에서, 이산화탄소 레이저(Carbondioxide laser, $CO_2$ laser)를 적용하여 효과적으로 치료한 증례를 보고하고자 한다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 1981

This study was conducted with 478 farm households located in Pyongtaek Gun of Gyonggi Do, Chongju City and Chongwon Gun of Chung Buk Do, and Hongchon Gun of Gangwon Do for the period of 10, September through 20, October 1980. It dealt with general features of the farmhouseholds, their practices of handling and using pescides, and relationship between safe use of pesticides and poisoning experiences. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Of the total, 63.2% purchased pesticides mainly through the Agricultural Coops, and 95.4% transported them home separately from other goods. 2 Pesticides were sold contained mainly in glass bottles and paper bags. 3. Mixing of the respodents (87.5%) stored pesticides in sheds, warehouses and boxes. 4. Mixing containers and measuring tools were not used by the majority of the group studied. This indicates that there exist serious problems of safety and accuracy with regard to use of pesticides. 5. As to pesticide protective devices, gloves, respirators, goggles and boots were not used in general. Even in case of using them, their quality was not satisfactory. 6. Among the interviewees, 4.2% did not read pesticide label, 33.9% did not wash immediately when pesticide was spilled on the skin, 48.4% did not care the wind direction during pesticide application, and 17.0% did not wash hands when smoking a cigarette while pesticide is being handled. 7. Of the total, 40.4% were found to harvest vegetables within 10 days from the date of pesticide application, which indicates their unawareness of possible hazards by pesticide residues. 8. Empty pesticide containers or bags were not properly disposed of by majority of the respondents. Furthermore, impacts on the environment by the misuse or abuse of pesticides were not understood by 67.6% 9. Of the interviewees, 48.7% were found to have not received instructions on safe use of pesticides. 10. The rate of pesticidal poisoning experience was about 28.0% if minor symptoms excluded, and it rose to about 44.0% if included. Meanwhile, the rate of pesticidal poisoning tends to increase with the size of farm. 11. The study failed to show a statistically significant relationship between the rate of pesticidal poisoning and use of mixing container and/or measuring tools. However, use of gloves showed a statistical significance on the rate of pesticidal poisoning. 12. Among the poisoned cases, 19.0% were cared for in either hospitals or clinics.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2021

본 연구는 경찰공무원의 구강건강관리행태에 따른 구강보건지식을 파악하고자 실시하였다. 자료 수집은 광주지방경찰청 내 경찰공무원 237명을 대상으로 설문조사 하였으며, 연구도구는 일반적 특성과, 구강보건지식, 구강건강관리행태 및 구강보건교육 요구를 사용하였다. 기술통계, t-test, Anova, 위계적 회귀분석으로 분석 처리한 결과, 구강 건강관리 행태에 따른 구강보건지식은 구강위생용품을 사용하는 사람과 치과 방문 경험이 있는 사람이 구강보건지식이 높았고(p<0.001), 원하는 구강보건교육은 전문가가 직접 구두로 설명하는 것과 올바른 칫솔질 방법이었다. 구강보건지식에 영향을 미치는 요인은 결혼여부, 교육수준, 흡연여부, 보조구강위생용품사용과 치과방문경험이었다(설명력 40.5%). 따라서 본 연구 결과는 경찰공무원의 구강건강을 증진시키기 위한 구강보건교육 프로그램 개발 및 구강보건 사업 계획 시 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2019

Background: Police officers' stress perception, frequency of stressful events (stressors), and police work characteristics may contribute to poor sleep quality through different mechanisms. Methods: We investigated associations of stress severity (measured by stress rating score) and frequency of stressors with sleep quality and examined the influence of police work characteristics including workload, police rank, prior military experience, and shift work on the associations. Participants were 356 police officers (256 men and 100 women) enrolled in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Study from 2004 to 2009. A mean stress rating score and mean frequency of stressors occurring in the past month were computed for each participant from the Spielberger Police Stress Survey data. Sleep quality was assessed using the global score derived from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index survey. Linear associations of the stress rating score and frequency of stressors with sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score) were tested. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking status were selected as potential confounders. Results: The stress rating score was positively and independently associated with poor sleep quality (${\beta}=0.17$, p = 0.002). Only workload significantly modified this association (${\beta}=0.23$, p = 0.001 for high workload group; p-interaction = 0.109). The frequency of stressors was positively and independently associated with poor sleep quality (${\beta}=0.13$, p = 0.025). Only police rank significantly modified the association (${\beta}=0.007$, p = 0.004 for detectives/other executives; p-interaction = 0.076). Conclusion: Both police officers' perception of stress severity and the frequency of stressors are associated with poor sleep quality. Stress coping or sleep promotion regimens may be more beneficial among police officers reporting high workloads.