• Medical Lasers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 2019

The plume produced by vaporizing tissue with a laser contains a variety of contaminants called laser-generated air pollutants (LGACs). LGACs consist of a mixture of toxic gas components, biomicroparticles, dead and living cells, and viruses. Toxic odors and thick smoke from surgical incisions and the coagulation of tissues can irritate eyes and airways, as well as cause bronchial and pulmonary congestion. Because of the potential risk of the smoke, it is advisable to appropriately remove it from the surgical site. We recommend using a smoke evacuator to remove the smoke. Suction nozzles should be placed as close as possible to the surgical site in a range of 2 cm or less. In-line filters should be used between the inlet and outlet of the surgical site. All air filtration devices should be capable of removing particles below 0.1 microns in size. The filter pack should be handled according to infection control procedures in the operating room. The laser mask can be an auxiliary protective device if it is properly worn. Some smoke inhaled under the nose wrap or over the side of the mask will not be filtered. As in electrosurgical operations, a suitable mask should be worn while smoke is present.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2023

Smoke masks have attracted great interests and have been supplied widely for the improvement of the safety during fire evacuation. However, there is not sufficient research on the practical utility, certification status and easy-donning about commercial smoke masks, therefore it is difficult to determine the actual usefulness of the smoke masks. In this study, we conducted a survey on users' perceptions and experiences about the smoke masks, and investigated the status of certification of 54 commercial smoke masks. We also performed donning tests and examined degrees of discomfort for 4 types of the smoke masks. Although 22% of 235 respondents had experienced the smoke masks before the test, and 23% of the respondents did not know the smoke masks, 93% of the respondents expected that the smoke masks could protect users from fire smokes and toxic gases. It was found that 41% of the commercial smoke masks did not certify according to domestic or overseas performance standards. Most certification standards have not effectively regulated maximum wearing time for the smoke masks. Only ASTM E 2952 and KFIS 024 had specific standards for the maximum wearing time of 30 s. As a result of donning tests for 4 types of smoke masks, the wearing time of the hood-type mask and self-contained smoke mask exceeded 30 s, therefore these types of smoke masks might increase the required safe evacuation time. On the other hand, it was also found that short education about the donning could reduce the wearing time by 19% and numbers of improper wearing by 89%.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2017

In this study, the dust/smoke detection algorithm was developed with a multi-spectral satellite remote sensing method using Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Level 1B (L1B) data and the results were validated as RGB composite images of red(R; band 1), green(G; band 4), blue(B; band 3) channels using MODIS L1B data and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization Satellite Observations(CALIPSO) Vertical Feature Mask (VFM) product. In the daytime on March 30, 2007 and April 27, 2012, the consistencies between the dust/smoke detected by this algorithm and verification data were approximately 56.4 %, 72.0 %, respectively. During the nighttime, the similar consistency was 40.5 % on April 27, 2012. Although these results were analyzed for limited cases due to the spatiotemporal matching for the MODIS and CALIPSO satellites, they could be used to utilize the aerosol detection of geostationary satellites for the next generations in Korea through further research.