• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2003

To evaluate the smoke control systems, the large eddy simulation turbulence model based Fire Dynamics Simulate was applied to a 2m $\times$ 2m $\times$ 2.4m room with an opening. The smoke removal rate was investigated for three different smoke control systems: ventilation, extraction and pressurization. When the opening was closed, the smoke removal rates of the smoke control systems were almost the same as expected. The pressurization system showed a lower smoke removal rate compared with the other two smoke control systems for the room with the opening, and hence the pressurization system might not be efficient for a place with large openings. It was shown that the lower extraction flowrate is, the longer time the ventilation system requires to remove smoke. From these results, the ventilation system is recommended for subway stations where several large openings exist.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.269-272
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• 2006

The heat and smoke which generated by subway under fire is one of the most harmful factor in air tighten underground station. To prevent this, Trackway Exhaust System(TES) can be used. The heat released from the train running in the tunnel raises the temperature at the platform and the trackway, and thus proper ventilation system is required for comfortable underground environment. When the fire is occurred, TES is operated as smoke exhaust mode from normal ventilation mode. In the present study, the subway station which is one of the line number 9 in Seoul subway is modeled, and fired situation is simulated with several ventilation mode of ventilation system in trackway. For this simulation whole station is modeled. Non steady state 3D simulation which considered train under fire is entering to the station is performed. Temperature and smoke distribution in platform and trackway are compared. To represent heat by fire, heat flux was given to the fired carriage, also to describe smoke by fire, concentration of CO is represented. As the result of present study, temperature and smoke distribution is different as the method of ventilation in trackway and platform is changed. In over side of trackway, the fan must be operated as exhaust mode for efficient elimination of heat and smoke, and supply mode of fan operation in under side shows better distribution of heat and smoke. The ventilation system which is changed from ventilation mode to exhaust mode can be applied to control heat and smoke under fire.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.163-167
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• 2008

In this study, the 1/35 reduced-scale model experiment were conducted to investigate designed ventilation effect on the smoke movement at rescue station fire in railway tunnel. A model tunnel with 2 mm thick, 10 m long, 0.19 m high and 0.26 m was made by using Froude number scaling law. The cross-passages installing escape door at the center were connected between incident tunnel and rescue tunnel. The n-heptane pool fires with heat release rate 698.97W were used as fire source. The fire source was located at the center and portal of incident tunnel as worst case. A operating ventilation system extracted smoke amount of 0.015 cms(cubic meters per second). The smoke temperature and CO gas concentration in cross-passage were measured to verify designed ventilation system. The result showed that, at center fire case without ventilation, smoke did not propagate to rescues station. In portal fire case, smoke spreaded to rescues station without ventilation. But smoke did not propagated to rescues station with designed ventilation.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2006

The smoke exhaust system is one of the effective systems to save lives when fire occurs underground. This study presents a complete analysis of effective smoke exhaust and smoke characteristics for a fire occurring with a transverse ventilation system use as a smoke exhaust system. The performance of the smoke management system was studied by computer modeling using FDS version 3.1. A fire size of 20MW was used for tunnel with balanced exhaust transverse ventilation. The smoke management design and the procedure as simulated in this study are also compliant to the tunnel construction and fire codes of Korea.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.451-462
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• 2011

도로터널의 환기 시스템은 차량 화재시 안전한 대피환경을 조성하는데 중요한 역할을 하며 종류환기방식과 횡류환기방식으로 대별된다. 본 연구에서는 횡류환기방식에서 대배기구방식에 대한 터널내 풍속, 배연풍량, 개방되는 배기구의 위치에 따른 유동가시화에 대하여 선행 연구와 FDS 시뮬레이션에 의한 결과를 비교하여 연기의 이동특성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 연기발생량(Vc=0)에 따른 배연풍량을 제어하여 연기를 피난허용범위 250 m 이내로 제한할 수 있었으며, 터널풍속이 1.75 m/s 와 2.5 m/s일 때 배연풍량은 각각 $173m^3/s$, $236m^3/s$ 을 초과하여야만 연기이동 거리를 250 m로 제한할 수 있었으며 화재지점 가까이에 있는 2개의 배기구를 동시에 개방하는 경우가 배연의 효과가 현저하게 높게 나타났다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2009

도로터널의 환기 시스템은 차량 화재시 안전한 대피환경을 조성하는데 중요한 역할을 하며 종류환기방식과 횡류환기방식으로 대별된다. 본 연구에서는 횡류환기방식에서 대배기방식에 대한 터널내 풍속, 배연풍량, 개방되는 배기구의 위치에 따른 유동가시화 실험을 수행하여 연기의 이동특성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 배연풍량을 연기발생량(Vc = 0)일 때 연기를 250m 이내로 제한할 수 있었으며, 터널 풍속이 1.75m/s와 2.5m/s일 때 배연풍량은 각각 $173m^3/s$, $236m^3/s$을 초과하여만 연기이동 거리가 250m로 제한할 수 있었으며 화재지점 가까이에 있는 2개의 배기구를 동시에 개방하는 경우가 배연이 더 잘 이루어졌다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2004

터널의 환기설계에 관련하여 종류식과 횡류식의 환기용량의 산정을 위해서 필요한 제반 가정들을 검토하였고, 종류식 설계에서의 최종 값인 임계유속 산정을 위한 몇 가지의 공식을 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 특정 공식을 개선하기 위한 방안을 실험결과를 토대로 제시하였다. 횡류식 설계에서 국제적으로 사용되고 있는 용량산정에 관한 지침은 화재공학적 의미가 전혀 없으며 관행적으로 적용되어 온 것임을 알 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 기존의 횡류식 환기설계에는 설계개념조차 명확하지 않음을 입증하였다. 즉 횡류식 시스템에서는 종류식에서의 "연기의 역류 방지를 위한 최소 유속의 유지"라는 개념조차 없이 환기용량이 결정되어 왔으며, 이것은 터널의 화재환기가 오염물질의 환기로부터 시작되어 정확한 화재공학적 분석이 결여되었기 때문이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 시도로 횡류식 환기의 설계개념으로서 연기전파거리와 연기축적을 제안하였다. 축소모델 터널을 이용하여 연기전파거리에 관한 실험결과를 제시하였고, 이를 이용하여 기존의 관행대로 설계된 유럽의 터널들에 적용하였을 때 안전성에 문제가 있음을 보였다.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.575-578
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• 2006

In designing smoke-control system of rescue station in train tunnel, a purpose is to prevent a disaster by proposing the jet fan operation together with smoke-control curtain in tunnel fire. This study has investigated the relationship of the Heat Release Rate(HRR) and a adequate ventilation velocity to control the fire propagation in tunnel fire, and has improved the effect of the smoke-control curtain on preventing the flow of pollutants. In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulations with ST AR-CD(ver 3.24) were carried out on predicting the fire spreading and the flow of pollutants, considering jet fan operations and effect of smoke-control curtain. Our simulation domain is the full scale model of the 'DAEGWALLYEONG' 1st tunnel. The results represent that ventilation operation can control the fire spreading and pollutants effectively to prevent a disaster.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.8-12
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• 2008

Heat/smoke detectors are installed in most subway platforms in Korea to detect fire. Subway platform is divided by smoke-control zones for efficient smoke-control. Once the detectors detect heat or smoke, the smoke-control ventilation system in the platform and concourse is activated according to the smoke-control ventilation mode. Smoke-control mode during fires in Korean subway platforms is that the smoke zones operate by exhausting smoke while other zones in the platform and in the concourse which is the upper floor of the platform operate by supplying air or stopping any ventilation. This study is conducted to evaluate performance of passengers' evacuation for various smoke control modes in the subway station. Distribution of smoke and heat due to fire on the platform is analyzed by using Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS V 4.06) of NIST. Various smoke-control ventilation modes and locations of fire are considered. Evacuation and movement of passengers within the platform is simulated by building EXODUS V.4.0.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.276-279
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• 2008

Heat/smoke detectors are installed in most subway platforms in Korea to detect fire. Subway platform is divided by smoke-control zones for efficient smoke-control. Once the detectors detect heat or smoke, the smoke-control ventilation system in the platform and concourse is activated according to the smoke-control ventilation mode. Smoke-control mode during fires in Korean subway platforms is that the smoke zones operate by exhausting smoke while other zones in the platform and in the concourse which is the upper floor of the platform operate by supplying air or stopping any ventilation. This study is conducted to evaluate performance of passengers' evacuation for various smoke control modes in the subway station. Distribution of smoke and heat due to fire on the platform is analyzed by using Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS V 4.06) of NIST. Various smoke-control ventilation modes and locations of fire are considered. Evacuation and movement of passengers within the platform is simulated by buildingEXODUS V 4.0.