• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2003

To evaluate the smoke control systems, the large eddy simulation turbulence model based Fire Dynamics Simulate was applied to a 2m $\times$ 2m $\times$ 2.4m room with an opening. The smoke removal rate was investigated for three different smoke control systems: ventilation, extraction and pressurization. When the opening was closed, the smoke removal rates of the smoke control systems were almost the same as expected. The pressurization system showed a lower smoke removal rate compared with the other two smoke control systems for the room with the opening, and hence the pressurization system might not be efficient for a place with large openings. It was shown that the lower extraction flowrate is, the longer time the ventilation system requires to remove smoke. From these results, the ventilation system is recommended for subway stations where several large openings exist.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2003

The large eddy simulation based Fire Dynamics Simulator was utilized to investigate the effects of the size of an opening on smoke removal performance for the three smoke control systems-ventilation purge, and extraction. Three different opening sizes, $r_A$=1, 2, and 3 were investigated while the flow rate remained 0.75 $m^3/s$ at the inlet or outlet depending on the systems. Increase of the opening size did not give a significant difference in the smoke removal rate for the three smoke control systems, though the increasing opening size slightly improved smoke removal. The extraction system was shown the best smoke control system, and the purge system yielded low performance compared to the other two systems for all the different opening sizes.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2014

Smoke is one of the most critical factor when escaping from the fire since it reduces visibility and interrupts finding emergency exit lights. Therefore, it is recommended that an evacuation simulation program should incorporate the smoke factor. In addition, it is suggested that the program should include not only the unilateral damage by the smoke but also the detour evacuation by risk communication. In this study, MAS (Multi Agent System)-based simulation program which incorporates the reduced walking speed by smoke and adopts the dispersion evacuation logic during escaping from the fire. To make comparison, a commercial evacuation program, Pathfinder was used. It was found that the simulation results of MAS (Multi Agent System)-based program is better than Pathfinder in terms of safe evacuation. It means that evacuation simulation need a additional evaluation categories that include not only quick evacuation time but also safe evacuee number.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.269-272
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• 2006

The heat and smoke which generated by subway under fire is one of the most harmful factor in air tighten underground station. To prevent this, Trackway Exhaust System(TES) can be used. The heat released from the train running in the tunnel raises the temperature at the platform and the trackway, and thus proper ventilation system is required for comfortable underground environment. When the fire is occurred, TES is operated as smoke exhaust mode from normal ventilation mode. In the present study, the subway station which is one of the line number 9 in Seoul subway is modeled, and fired situation is simulated with several ventilation mode of ventilation system in trackway. For this simulation whole station is modeled. Non steady state 3D simulation which considered train under fire is entering to the station is performed. Temperature and smoke distribution in platform and trackway are compared. To represent heat by fire, heat flux was given to the fired carriage, also to describe smoke by fire, concentration of CO is represented. As the result of present study, temperature and smoke distribution is different as the method of ventilation in trackway and platform is changed. In over side of trackway, the fan must be operated as exhaust mode for efficient elimination of heat and smoke, and supply mode of fan operation in under side shows better distribution of heat and smoke. The ventilation system which is changed from ventilation mode to exhaust mode can be applied to control heat and smoke under fire.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2019

차량 연막 유탄은 전차에서 적의 탐지체계를 교란하기 위해 가장 우선으로 운용하는 방호 장비로, 전차의 교전효과 분석 시 필수적인 요소라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 주요한 공학급 파라미터를 포함하면서도, 연산 부하가 크지 않아 교전 시뮬레이션에 활용하기 적절한 차량 연막 유탄 모델을 개발하였다. 먼저 교전급에서 공학급까지의 주요한 입력 파라미터를 포괄하여, 다양한 조합 모의를 가능케 하였다. 내부 모델은 간단한 연산을 사용함으로써, 여러 개체가 포함되는 교전 시뮬레이션에 적용하기 쉽도록 하였다. 연막운과 가시선을 각각 원반과 선분 형상으로 모델링하여, 기존 연막 M&S들에서 활용한 입자모델보다 비교적 낮은 해상도로 모의하였다. 또한, 테스트 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 전차의 연막 유탄 운용 효과를 분석해 보았다. 본 모델을 사용함으로써 운용개념 수립에서부터 연구개발까지 넓은 해상도 범위를 포괄 가능하다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 모델은 추후 국과연 2본부 4부에서 개발한 AddSIM 버전 3.0 환경에서, 전차 및 전투차량 모델에 삽입될 것이며, AddSIM의 사용자들은 이 모델들을 활용하여 연막 유탄을 이용하는 다양한 교전 시나리오를 구성할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.389-400
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• 2003

본 연구는 지하철방재대책의 일환으로 터널구간에 설치된 환기기의 제연절환 운전모드 및 승강장 선로부 환기장치를 포함한 6종류의 제연운전모드를 대상으로 승강장에 정차된 열차화재 시나리오에 따라 3차원 실시간 화재 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 제연방식별 열 및 연기전파특성을 규명함으로서, 승강장에서 열차 화재 발생시, 승객이 안전하게 최적 대피가 가능한 환기기의 제연절환 조합운전의 도출을 목표로 한다.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2006년도 전기학술대회논문집
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• pp.293-294
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• 2006

This paper aims to simulate by FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator) the distributions of temperature and smoke on fires in accommodations on boards. The paper focuses on analysis of temperature at fire occurrence and soot density. The purpose of this study is to predict the possibility of safe escape and efficient fire extinguishing method using fire simulation results.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

This study aims to derive the operation method of a comprehensive ventilation system which is capable of providing passengers with safe exit paths from platforms in onboard fire situations. To accomplish this, the airflow distributions in subway platforms under 6 types of tunnel vent system were calculated in addition to having analyzed diffusion behaviors of smoke and heat exhaust in such states by performing 6 kinds of different ventilation scenarios in a 3-D Fire Dynamic Simulation (FDS) simulation model. In order to recommend the mechanical smoke exhaust operation mode, Subway Environmental Simulation(SES) is used to predict the airflow of the inlet and outlet tunnel for the subway station to clarify the safety evaluation fir the heat and smoke exhaust on subway fire events.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2001년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.155-160
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• 2001

When caught in a fire inside a building or a tunnel the generated smoke is the main cause of the bad visibility, which makes difficult for a person to find escape route. Therefore it is required to visualize the simulated results of smoke realistically from a viewpoint of a person caught in a fire. In the present study, demonstrated is a CFD post-processor which can visualize the objects through smoke from the results of CFD fire simulation.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2003

국내의 경우, 지하철 승강장 제연설비는 전용설비로 구축되어 있지 않고 화재발생시 승강장환기설비 및 본선터널부의 환기설비를 제연모드로 절환하여 운영되고 있다. 제연효과는 이러한 까닭으로 환기설비의 위치, 용량 및 급배기방식에 종속된다. 따라서 본 연구는 승강장에 정차한 열차에서 화재가 발생하는 경우를 대상으로 승객의 대피 소요시간을 산출하고 지하철환경해석 프로그램인 SES(Subway Environmental Simulation)를 사용하여 터널부 환기설비의 제연절환운전으로 승강장부에 형성되는 기류의 해석 및 FDS(Fire dynamics Simulator)을 이용하여 화재해석을 제연방식별로 수행한다. 얻어진 가시도 및 승강장 의 온도로부터 본선 터널부 제연모드별 특성을 규명한다.