• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.89-97
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• 2012

In recent years, efficient energy management technologies are required, as environmental problems have emerged worldwide. In response to this, smart home services focused on efficient energy management technology seems to be emerging. And the integration of technology of user-oriented real-time energy monitoring and control systems is required. In this paper, we present a location-based green home service using smart phones for efficient energy management in a house. We design a green home network system to apply the green home service, and implement an integrated gateway system which connects and controls each appliance in a house. We develop appliance control services and indoor location services on smart phones, and determine whether user's occupancy of each room by measuring the location according to the variation of signal strength. In order to evaluate the performance of the energy savings, we have set up the scenarios of energy usage pattern and have compared the energy variation resulting from the application of the indoor location services with smart meters. A comparison of energy usage demonstrated that the energy saving of a house with the proposed location-based green home service was down up to 30%.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.65-73
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• 2017

While electricity demand is generally increasing, stably controlling supply is becoming a serious challenge because renewable energies are becoming popular and often their productions are dependent on the weather. The 'demand response' programs can be used to complement the problems of renewable energies, and therefore their role is becoming increasingly important. This study provides an analysis of a demand response pilot that was conducted in Korea. The study first focused on questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews, and the data was used to perform a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) analysis. The goal of the pilot was to have the residential users reduce their power consumptions when an energy reduction mission is issued during peak load hours. The experimental subjects consisted of two groups with different characteristics. Subjects in group A obtained smart meters as an optional function of IoT platform service provided by a mobile service company, and received a charge deduction as their compensation. Subjects in group B either voluntarily purchased smart meters as individuals or received them by participating in an energy self-sufficient village program that was run by a local government, and were entitled to a donation as their compensation. With the analysis, group A was found to fit the extended technology acceptance model that includes perceived playfulness in addition to perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. On the contrary, group B failed to fit the model well, but perceived usefulness was found to be relatively more important compared to group A. The results indicate that the residential energy groups' behavior changes are dependent on each group's characteristics, and group-specific DR design should be considered to improve the effectiveness of DR.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.221-232
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• 2008

This paper represents the final results of a research program sponsored by the European Commission through project WIND-CHIME ($\underline{W}$ide Range Non-$\underline{IN}$trusive $\underline{D}$evices toward $\underline{C}$onservation of $\underline{HI}$storical Monuments in the $\underline{ME}$diterranean Area), in which the possibility of using advanced seismic protection technologies to preserve historical monuments in the Mediterranean area is investigated. In the current research, the dynamic characteristics of two outstanding Mamluk-Style minarets, which similar minarets were reported to experience extensive damage during Dahshur 1992 earthquake, are investigated. The first minaret is the Qusun minaret (1337 A.D, 736 Hijri Date (H.D)) located in El-Suyuti cemetery on the southern side of the Salah El-Din citadel. The minaret is currently separated from the surrounding building and is directly resting on the ground (no vaults underneath). The total height of the minaret is 40.28 meters with a base rectangular shaft of about 5.42 ${\times}$ 5.20 m. The second minaret is the southern minaret of Al-Sultaniya (1340 A.D, 739 H.D). It is located about 30.0 meters from Qusun minaret, and it is now standing alone but it seems that it used to be attached to a huge unidentified structure. The style of the minaret and its size attribute it to the first half of the fourteenth century. The minaret total height is 36.69 meters and has a 4.48 ${\times}$ 4.48 m rectangular base. Field investigations were conducted to obtain: (a) geometrical description of the minarets, (b) material properties of the minarets' stones, and (c) soil conditions at the minarets' location. Ambient vibration tests were performed to determine the modal parameters of the minarets such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. A $1/16^{th}$ scale model of Qusun minaret was constructed at Cairo University Concrete Research Laboratory and tested under free vibration with and without SMA wire dampers. The contribution of SMA wire dampers to the structural damping coefficient was evaluated under different vertical loads and vibration amplitudes. Experimental results were used along with the field investigation data to develop a realistic 3-D finite element model that can be used for seismic risk evaluation of the minarets. Examining the updated finite element models under different seismic excitations indicated the vulnerability of such structures to earthquakes with medium to high a/v ratio. The use of SMA wire dampers was found feasible for reducing the seismic risk for this type of structures.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.371-378
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• 2017

In modern society, awareness of diabetes is growing with an increase in the elderly population and an increase in the incidence of diabetes. In particular, diabetic patients can suddenly develop hypoglycemic shock; therefore, it is important to measure blood glucose periodically. However, self-monitoring blood glucose meters are difficult to carry and it is difficult to manage the value. To solve these problems, the blood glucose measurement system has been developed as a sensor attached to the body or as one of the functions of smart devices, but it has not been commercialized. In this paper, we propose a smart band with a blood glucose measurement function. If a user enters a schedule to measure blood glucose level, such as before/after meals, in the app, he/she can receive a measurement alarm from the band. The user can measure the blood glucose level at any time using the band, and the measured value is transmitted and managed by the app including behavior history such as before/after meals and the time. This will help the user to manage, diagnose and prevent health problems. The system has been tested using two medical device-certified products, and each blood glucose measurement value has been confirmed to be more accurate.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.56-64
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• 2012

A smart grid is the next generation power grid which combines the existing power grid with information technology, so an energy efficient power grid can be provided. In this paper, in order to build an efficient smart grid an AMI system, which gears with the existing home network and provides an user friendly management function, is proposed. The proposed AMI system, which is based on an extended home network, consists of various functional units; smart meters, communication modules, home gateway, security modules, meter data management modules (MDMM), electric power application modules and so on. The proposed home network system, which can reduce electric power consumption and transmit data more effectively, is designed by using IEEE 802.15.4. The extended home gateway can exchange energy consumption information with the outside management system via web services. The proposed AMI system is designed to enable two-way communication between the home gateway and MDMM via the Internet. The AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm, which is a symmetric block cipher algorithm, is used to ensure secure information exchange. Even though the results in this study could be limited to our experimental environment, the result of the simulation test shows that the proposed system reduces electric power consumption by 4~42% on average compared to the case of using no control.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose an automated system. It utilizes a Raspberry Pi camera and a function generator to analyze luminance in an image. Then, it applies voltage based on this analysis to control light transmission through coloring smart windows. The existing luminance meters used to measure luminance are expensive and require unnecessary movement from the user, making them difficult to use in real life. However, after taking a photography, luminance analysis in the image using the Python Open Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV) is inexpensive and portable, so it can be easily applied in real life. This system was used in an environment where smart windows were applied to detect the luminance of windows. Based on the brightness of the image, the coloring of the smart window is adjusted to reduce the brightness of the window, allowing occupants to create a comfortable viewing environment.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.257-268
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• 2024

Drone-mounted hyperspectral sensors (DHSs) have revolutionized remote sensing in agriculture by offering a cost-effective and flexible platform for high-resolution spectral data acquisition. Their ability to capture data at low altitudes minimizes atmospheric interference, enhancing their utility in agricultural monitoring and management. This study focused on addressing the challenges of radiometric and geometric distortions in preprocessing drone-acquired hyperspectral data. Radiometric correction, using the empirical line method (ELM) and spectral reference panels, effectively removed sensor noise and variations in solar irradiance, resulting in accurate surface reflectance values. Notably, the ELM correction improved reflectance for measured reference panels by 5-55%, resulting in a more uniform spectral profile across wavelengths, further validated by high correlations (0.97-0.99), despite minor deviations observed at specific wavelengths for some reflectors. Geometric correction, utilizing a rubber sheet transformation with ground control points, successfully rectified distortions caused by sensor orientation and flight path variations, ensuring accurate spatial representation within the image. The effectiveness of geometric correction was assessed using root mean square error(RMSE) analysis, revealing minimal errors in both east-west(0.00 to 0.081 m) and north-south directions(0.00 to 0.076 m).The overall position RMSE of 0.031 meters across 100 points demonstrates high geometric accuracy, exceeding industry standards. Additionally, image mosaicking was performed to create a comprehensive representation of the study area. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the applied preprocessing techniques and highlight the potential of DHSs for precise crop health monitoring and management in smart agriculture. However, further research is needed to address challenges related to data dimensionality, sensor calibration, and reference data availability, as well as exploring alternative correction methods and evaluating their performance in diverse environmental conditions to enhance the robustness and applicability of hyperspectral data processing in agriculture.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.829-836
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• 2017

This paper is a study on development of a new structured AMR/AMI(automatic meter reading/advance metering infrastructure) system. The developed system has a faster reading and is cheaper and easier to install compared to the existing AMR/AMI system. The system can be applied to AMR/AMI for five kinds of meters, electricity, gas, water, hot-water and calorie meter, which are used in most Korean households. Test results show that the developed system is both economical and reliable both in theoretical and practical applications. The resuts also show that the developed system is more suitable than existing system for AMR/AMI applications.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2012

The WBAN technology means a short distance wireless network which provides each device's interactive communication by connecting devices inside and outside of body located within 3 meters. Standardization on the physical layer, data link layer, network layer and application layer is in progress by IEEE 802.15.6 TG BAN. It is necessary to develop the WBAN core technology that sensor node device, WBAN middleware and WBAN application service for WBAN environment. In this paper we designed the medical message structure and implemented medical application for purpose of vital information reliability. The message structure was proposed for WBAN environment and application can be check biometric information from BN on smart device through WBAN gateway.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.271-278
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• 2017

This paper introduces a user-friendly PLC (programmable logic controller) monitoring and control system of heavy machinery using Android based smartphone. The proposed system will control diesel generator and many such like machine without a dedicated PC with respect to similar system and offers a new communication protocol for handling it. The smartphone controls the generator via Wi-Fi, through which it connects to the Raspberry pi which will be installed in the PLC panel to setup the communication between them. Furthermore, Raspberry pi connects to two devices, one is PLC which gives the status and current information of the machine and to ON/OFF the machine. This proposed system used RS485 as a key mediator for data exchanging between Raspberry PI(master) and PLC(slave). RS485 allows multiple devices (up to 32) to communicate at half duplex on single pair of wires and provides a long connectivity area (up to 1200 meters) as compared to another device. This proposed system specially focused on accurate data flow between smartphone and PLC panel.