• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.103-111
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• 2024

Small-scale excavation sites in construction-defined as those involving excavation projects less than 10 meters deep-often lack dedicated safety managers, creating challenges in safety management. This study aims to develop an accident case-based checklist that enables workers to manage safety independently at these sites. Accident data from the past five years were obtained from the Construction Safety Management Integrated Information system, and the causes, types, and contributing factors of accidents were analyzed based on this data. These analyzed causes were linked to specific checklist items, resulting in a new checklist comprising 14 items divided into pre-construction and during-construction phases. To ensure the logical structuring of these 14 items, a group of experts conducted a survey employing pairwise comparisons. The results indicated that all items are essential for safety management at small-scale excavation sites. Furthermore, the reliability of the developed checklist was validated using newly occurring accident cases, confirming that each accident was associated with the checklist items. The checklist proposed in this study is expected to contribute to practical and effective accident prevention in small-scale excavation sites.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.28-36
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• 1979

One of most important problems in the Monsoon Asia today is the production of rice paddy to meet the needs of the ever increasing population. Diversemeans are being employed to meet this demand, both by increasing productivity of existing farm land and by bringing further areas into cultivation. The primary step in either field is to ensure that there is sufficient moisture in the soil to suit the paddy, and at the same this means that excess moisture has to be drained off the land, while in others irrigat ion has to be employed to bring sufficient water to an area. In view of the fact that the project comprises a huge amount of earthwork, it can be carried out by extensive use of construction machinery in order to shorten the period. As farm ditch has a comparatively small section with shallow cutting depth, inaddition, there is lack of access road in the field, the excavation equipment with bulldozer or tracter-shovel (backhoe) type are not applicable because there are mostly adapted for the excavation of deep and wide section. Mini-backhoe with its bucket width not larger than 0. 3m, and width of blade not larger than 1. 00m seems to be more adaptable. About 80% of excavation of ditch section will be done by the machinery while the other 20% of excavation together with the finishing of the section are supposed to be done by man-power. The embankment of ditch section can be compacted by the crawler of backhoe when it is moving along the ditch for excavation. However, Lowland paddy field in the Monsoon Asia are made particulary in rain season, therefore, heavy machinery is not easy excavation for ditch. It is very important to know exact ground support power of the working site and select machines with corresponding ground pressure. Ground support power is variable subject to quality and water content of soil and therefore selection of machines should be made duly considering ground condition of the site at the time of construction works. Farm ditches dug and compacted by mannual labar are of poor quality and subject to destruction after one or two years of operation. On the other hand, excavation and compaction by bulldozer is not practical for ditches. Backboe is suitable for slope land, but this is required cycle time of bucket excavation and dumped out. If a small-scale farm ditch trencher adaptable to lowland paddy field is invented, such a machine could greatly accelerate the massive construction work envisaged in many countries and thus significantly speed up the most difficult part of irrigation development and management in Monsoon Asia.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2022

The retaining wall structure is essential for construction work that performs underground excavation. Displacement management of the retaining wall structure is important regardless of the size of the construction. However, in the case of small-scale construction sites with an excavation depth of less than 10m, displacement management of retaining wall structure not properly performed due to problems such as 1) companies' smallness, 2) lack of capacity of construction managers, 3) complexity of installation, dismantling and displacement of measuring instruments. As a result of analyzing previous research, it was analyzed that it is difficult to apply this to a small - scale construction site because most of the previous research has problems in using an expensive 3D scanner or installing many measuring instruments. This study aims to propose a conceptual design of a displacement measurement system for retaining wall structure based on laser sensor and to verify the displacement recognition performance of core technology applied to the conceptual design. A conceptual design was proposed using a 2D laser scanner. As a result of verifying the displacement recognition of the 2D laser scanner, a displacement of 15mm was analyzed to be sufficiently understandable. In the future, if the proposed conceptual design is developed and applied to the small-scale construction site, it is thought that it will contribute to the reduction of safety accidents at small-scale construction sites.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.84-91
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• 2021

In the 21st century, a number of storm and flood disasters caused by rapidly changing climate change is increasing, and the number of flood accidents at construction sites is also increasing. However, no specific reduction measures have been presented and thereby safety management to prevent flood accident need to be improved. Therefore, in this study, the inundation pattern by downpour at the excavation site was interpreted and the inundation risk quantification method was used to classify the risk magnitude. Finally, using the fish-bone diagram, we derived the major reasons of inundation accident at construction site systematically. The simulation results showed that the inundation depths of small-scale excavation sites and excavation sites exceeded 3 m due to the fluid flowing through the excavation surface. In addition, depending on the excavation site, a high velocity temporarily observed and decreased due to the storage effect, or high velocity surpassing 10 m/s continued. Since this type of flooding can pose a risk to most or all workers, if proper management measures are insufficient, fatal damage to life and property could occur. Consideration of the roots of these disasters is judged to be helpful in understanding the causes of inundation accidents that result in casualties and presenting accident reduction measures.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.79-90
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• 2021

Since its construction in the late 14th century, Hanyangdoseong had been carried out three major repairs and reconstructions during the 500 years of the Joseon Dynasty. In addition to the large-scale construction, small-scale construction continued until King Gojong era. In particular, in the 18th century, systematic construction management was implemented by the craftsmen and the military participated in the renovation of Hanyangdoseong in earnest, and the construction methods also developed rapidly. In the early 18th century, new construction techniques were attempted in various sections of the reconstruction work, and gradually became a common technology for repairing Hanyangdoseong in the late 18th century. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics and period of changes in the 18th century's construction technique, when the rapid development of Hanyangdoseong took place. To this end, the excavation results related to Hanyangdoseong, the remaining city wall, and the inscribed stones were used to identify and demonstrate the characteristics and change of the construction method.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2022

In the excavation work like blasting/excavator work bordering on the urban railway, the dynamic safety of railway structures like tunnel, open-cut box structure and elevated bridge was investigated by numerical analysis in this study. The practically presented criteria on influential zones at the blasting work in the construction industry was numerically checked in cases of the precise vibration-controlled blasting (type II) and the small scale vibration-controlled blasting (type III) and it was shown that the criteria on blasting work methods needed to be supplemented through continuous field tests and numerical analyses. The influence of excavation vibration by mechanical excavators was especially investigated in case of earth auger and breaker. The numerical analysis of tunnel shows that the criteria on vibration velocities from the regression analysis of field test values was conservative. The amplification phenomenon of excavating vibration velocity was shown passing through the backfilling soil between the earth auger and the open-cut box structure. It was shown that the added-vibration on the superstructure of elevated bridge was occurred at the bottom of pile like earthquake when the excavator vibration was arriving at the pile toe. The systematic and continuous research on the vibration effect from excavating works was needed for the safety of urban railway structures and nearby facilities.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.93-99
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• 2020

In terms of construction work, the construction cost is lower than the importance of the construction, and since it is demolished after the completion of the construction, it is treated as a relatively small proportion compared to other construction types. Construction engineers who actually worked on the site talk about the safety of the construction work as the most important work of the various processes to ensure the quality and safety of the construction work. However, it is also true that safety management is difficult for temporary construction because various types of temporary materials are installed at various sites at the same time as construction progresses, and the main construction is carried out using them. Safety accidents in construction work are not much different even if they are carried out in temporary construction. The importance and safety of construction work cannot be neglected in view of the recent trend of large-scale construction, multi-purpose, excavation of large-scale underground spaces, and construction trends that are changing to skyscrapers. The purpose of this research is to secure the safety of Dongbar among the temporary materials used in construction work by using IT convergence technology, and to propose safety management to prevent safety accidents in the construction work.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.142-150
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• 2006

In this study, GPR and lineament methods are used for the effective construction. GPR method is non-destructive testing to understand underground utility tunnel while lineament method is to understand locational environment. First, soil condition of the subject area is surveyed by location analysis. As the result of GPR survey, small-scale and large-scale of underground utility tunnel's location and scale were estimated. From the result of estimation, it is found that the main cause of underground utility tunnel's generation was not the effect of landslide or disturbed foundation from the excavation work but crack of shear & tension from the effect of fault movement which grew by insulation surroundings. From now on, this investigation method would be very useful in the survey and design stage on site for the effective construction and maintenance.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.121-129
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• 2009

The construction sites of small and medium buildings have small scale groundwork and the depth of excavation is often shallow. In this case, if the groundwork, girders, and ground slabs are built simultaneously by embedded assisting form rather than the existing conventional method to place concrete twice using the general form, we can expect to reduce the frame duration of the basement, resulting in cost savings. The existing embedded assisting form is restricted from use because there are cost problems with materials, labor costs,and with quality depending on the form's type. Therefore, this study is to provide an improved suggestion of building the groundwork, girders, and ground slabs simultaneously with Polystyrene by using the embedded assisting form. It also will compare the technique with existing methods of construction, and will verify its usefulness by evaluating each method of construction.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.37
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• pp.157-186
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• 2018

Ulsan Soeburi song was reenacted in the 1980s based on the testimony and songs of late Choi Jae man (1987 death), the last blacksmith of the iron production plant at Dalcheon dong, Ulsan in August 1981. The purpose of this study is to analyze Soeburi song from the musical perspective based on 13 kinds of data including video in 1981, and confirm the changing patterns in the tradition process. The derived results are summarized as follows. In the results of examining Soeburi Song data in 2017, the percussion instruments consist of kkwaenggwari 2 (leading small gong 1, follow small gong 1), jing 2 (large gong 2), buk 4 (drum 4), janggu 4 (double headed drum 4), taepyongso 1 (Korean shawm 1), and Jangdan (rhythm) consists of five such as Jilgut, Jajinmori, Dadeuraegi, Deotbaegi, Jajin Deotbaegi. The vocal songs are sung accompanied by the Deotbaegi Jajin Deotbaegi (beat) of quarter small triplet time, or without accompaniment. The scale is mostly Mi La do's third note or Mi La do re's fourth note, and the range does not exceed one octave. All the cadence tones are the same as La. From the results of observing Soeburi song performance until today after the excavation in 1981, it is found that there are four major changes. First, the composition of the music is differentiated into 'long Jajin (slow fast)', and , , and are added. Second, the singing method is based on 'single cantor + multi post singers' since 1980's reenactment, and a single post singer was also specified from time to time. In addition, , which was performed in 2013, became the foundation of . Third, a melodic change of was observed. All beat structures are quarter small triplet time, but the speed gets slow, Mi La do's three notes are skeletonized to be corrected with high re and low sol, and then the characteristics of Menari tori (the mode appeared in the eastern province of the Korean peninsula) are to be clear. Lastly, the four percussion instruments such as kkwaenggwari, jing, janggu, and buk are frequently used, and depending on the performance, sogo (hand drum), taepyongso, yoryeong (bell) are also added. Jangdan played Jajinmori, Dadeuraegi, Deotbaegi and Jajin Deotbaegi from the beginning, and thereafter, the Jilgut Jangdan was added. Through these results as above, it is confirmed that at the time of the first excavation, a simple form of such as has been changed into a male labor song, the purpose of which has changed, and that the playability has become stronger and changed into a performing arts.