• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.276-280
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• 2023

Fungal thrombophlebitis of the central vein is a rare, life-threatening disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It requires immediate central venous catheter removal and intravenous antifungal therapy, combined in some cases with either anticoagulation or aggressive surgical debridement. A 70-year-old male patient injured by a falling object weighing 1,000 kg was transferred to our hospital. A contained rupture of the abdominal aorta with retroperitoneal hematoma was treated with primary aortic repair, and a small bowel perforation with mesenteric laceration was treated with resection and anastomosis. After a computed tomography scan, the patient was diagnosed with thrombophlebitis of the left internal jugular vein and brachiocephalic vein. Despite antifungal treatment, fever and candidemia persisted. Therefore, emergency debridement and thrombectomy were performed. After the operation, the patient was treated with an oral antifungal agent and direct oral anticoagulants. During a 1-year follow-up, no signs of candidemia relapse were observed. There is no optimal timing of surgical treatment for relapsed fungal central thrombophlebitis. Surgical treatment should be considered for early recovery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.400-405
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• 2022

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are not uncommon and often cause gastrointestinal bleeding. GISTs occurring in the small intestine are occasionally difficult to identify by endoscopy and CT. In this case, the patient underwent CT three times before surgery, and the lesion was found to be located in a different area of the abdominal cavity on each CT scan. Moreover, the lesion was missed in the first two CT images because it was difficult to distinguish it from the nearby collapsed small intestine. The lesion was eventually detected through angiography; however, the correct diagnosis and treatment were delayed for 3 years because it was mistaken for a vascular malformation, which is the most common cause of obscure GI bleeding in elderly patients. This report emphasizes the need for interventional radiologists to be updated and vigilant of the angiographic features of GISTs to make an accurate diagnosis and establish a management strategy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 1989

Cervix cancer is the most common female cancer in Korea. In spite of their relatively local invasive tendency, still $44\%$ of patient will develop recurrent cancer. This result suggests that more aggressive local treatment may increase the cure rate but increased complication risk also cannot be avoidable. Various institutions proposed different treatment regimen, but recommended dose were about 4500 cGy for whole pelvis and 8000 cGy at point A, even though they agreed that those doses may not be satisfactory for control of bulky disease. 96 cases of invasive cervical cancer, treated with postoperative or primary radiation therapy were analyzed to determine the complication rate and prognostic factor in our treatment regimen Which is $5500\~1000 CGy$ higher than Other institution. Mean follow up duration was 21 months. Symptomatic patients including mild but persistent abdominal discomfort was $46\%$, but only 1 patient $(1\%)$ had operative treatment because of incomplete obstruction of small bowel. Most symptoms appeared within 12 months and most common complaints were frequent bowel movement. Barium enema and sigmoidoscopy were performed for persistent symptomatic patients. Only one patient had abnormal finding in barium enema which showed inefficiency of this method for detecting bowel complication. Patient's age, total tumor dose, total TDF, rectal dose were not significant risk factors for complication, but boost dose, previous history of operation had some relationship with complication risk. Even though dose of point A and rectum is $500\~1,000cGy$ higher than other institution, such a low rate of severe complications may suggest that fear of complications should not be overestimated than cure rate and the possibility of more aggressive treatment for better local control should not be underestimated.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2010

Purpose: In Korea, most abdominal penetrating wounds are caused by stab wounds rather than gun-shot wounds. However, not many studies have been performed on stab injuries and their epidemiologic characteristics. Disagreements of opinions of obligatory surgical exploration and conservative treatment exist, and this subject is still being debated. Therefore, the authors studied the epidemiologic characteristics of abdominal stab wound patients visiting the emergency department and reviewed the proportion of patients that received nontherapeutic surgery and conservative treatment. Methods: This study included patients visiting the emergency department with abdominal stab wounds. A retrospective chart review was done on the abdominal stab wound patients. Sex, age, cause of injury, location of wound, initial vital signs, operation results, injured organs and CT & LWE results were reviewed. Results: The median age of the 121 patients was 40.9 years, of these patients, 88 were males, of which 52 (43.0%) were drunken. Of the patients that received non-therapeutic operations, only 3 patients (15.0%) were drunken, significantly lower than the therapeutic operation group. For the location of the wound, most patients were injured in the right and left upper quadrants, 27 patients each. The most common injured organ was the small bowel; 13 patients were injured in the small bowel. With abdominal CT scans and local wound explorations together, the results exhibited a sensitivity of 97%, a specificity of 44%, a positive predictive value of 56%, and a negative predictive value of 95%. Conclusion: In our study, the sensitivity was 97% when CT & LWE were performed together; thus we can conclude that CT and LWE can be used together to select the treatment method. Although in our study, the surgical indications in abdominal stab wound patients is not sufficient, our results showed a higher rate of nontherapeutic surgery compared to previous studies. Therefore, more research is needed to prevent unnecessary laparotomies in hemodynamically-stable patients without symptoms.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.5
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• pp.288-291
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• 2012

Typhlitis is a necrotizing colitis that usually occurs in neutropenic patients and develops most often in patients with hematologic malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma. Typhlitis may proceed to bowel perforation, peritonitis and sepsis, which requires immediate treatment. Irinotecan is a semisynthetic analogue of the natural alkaloid camptothecin which prevents DNA from unwinding by inhibition of topoisomerase I. It is mainly used in colon cancer and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), of which the most common adverse effects are gastrointestinal toxicities. To the best of our knowledge, no case of typhlitis after chemotherapy with a standard dose of irinotecan in a solid tumor has been reported in the literature. We, herein, report the first case of typhlitis developed after chemotherapy combining irinotecan and cisplatin in a patient with SCLC.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.893-898
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• 2011

Milk contains a number of nutrients required for human growth and development, such as disaccharide lactose which is significantly contained in milk and dairy products. About two thirds of world populations are reportedly suffering from lactose intolerance after drinking milk. Lactose intolerance is defined as a maldigestion of lactose in the human intestine with typical symptoms of abdominal pains, bloating, and diarrhea. In this study, incidence of lactose intolerance has been investigated for the elementary school children for 1 year from July, 2010 to June, 2011. It is found that about 70% of the total elementary students have joined the school milk program. Out of 636 total students that participated in this study, 449 were from the metropolis, 85 from middle-sized city, and 102 from the small town including rural areas (small town/rural areas). For distributions of lactose intolerance, 154 students (24.2%) were found to be positive among the total 636 subjects. Based on the size of the city, the symptoms were the most prevalent for the students in the small town/rural areas at 31.4% (32/102), followed by 30.6% (26/85) in middle-sized city, and 21.4% (96/449) in the metropolis. On the other hand, gender had no significant effect on the incidence of lactose intolerance, shown those for boys and girls were 24.8% (77/310), 23.6% (77/326), respectively. Further research is needed to confirm the correct incidence of lactose intolerance symptoms as the frequency is significantly affected by subject's digestive functions including irritable bowel syndrome.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2000

The present study was aimed at investigating the nutritional and physiological significance of rice bran as a source of dietary fiber as compared to pectin and wheat bran. The parameters for comparison included hypertrophy and morphology of intestines, stool weights and villus marker enzyme activity. For 6 weeks, 10 Sprague Dawley male rats were given one of six experimental diets: 1% cellulose control (CC), 5% pectin (P5), 5% rice bran(RB5), 10% rice bran(RB10), 5% wheat bran (WB5) or 10% wheat bran (WB10) based on the level of dietary fiber. Among experimental groups, food efficiency ratio and body weight gain was comparable. RB10 increased cecal and colonic tissue weights and content weights of cecum and colon as much as P5 did. Stool weight was positiviely correlated with colonic tissue weight (r=0.727, P<0.001), with colonic content weight(r=0.647, P<0.001). Small intestine length increased most in the P5 group, followed by the RB10 group. The scanning electron micrograph of jejunal villi from rice bran groups showed a leaf-shaped, smooth and regular pattern, whereas that of CC group produced a rather long shape. The wheat bran groups showed an irregular leafshaped pattern, and the pectin group typically produced leaf-shaped villi with surface damage. The activities of villus marker enzymes (maltase and sucrase) were higher in the bran-fed rats than in the control or pectin-fed rats. The results indicate than not only dietary fiber amounts but also fiber sources are closely related to the physiology and morphology of the large and small intestines in rats. Rice bran exerted effects on fecal output and trophic effects on the intestines similar to those of pectin.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2023

Particulate matter is an air pollutant composed of various components, and has adverse effects on the human body. Particulate matter is known to induce cell death by generating an imbalance in the antioxidant system; however, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of the size and composition of particulate matter on small intestine cells. We found that particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5) with extraction ion (EI) components (PM_2.5 EI), is more cytotoxic than PM containing only polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Additionally, PM-induced cell death is characteristic of ferroptosis, and includes iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, ferroptosis inhibitor as liproxstatin-1 and iron-chelator as deferiprone attenuated cell mortality, lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation, and ROS production after PM_2.5 EI treatment in human small intestinal cells. These results suggest that PM_2.5 EI may increase ferroptotic-cell death by iron accumulation and ROS generation, and offer a potential therapeutic clue for inflammatory bowel diseases in human small intestinal cells.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1970

This is a report of three cases of successful embolectomy in peripheral arteries. First case was the patient who received a mitral commissurotomy 8 months ago. In that time, there was no evidence of left atrial thrombosis. He showed an embolism in the middle portion of left brachial artery without complaining of any ischemic pain. Embolectomy was performed 15 days after disappearance of radial pulse and resulted in no return of radial pulse postoperatively. Second case was a case of an embolism in lower portion of right brachial artery. She complained severe ischemic pain and cyanosis in the right forearm and fingers. She was also in the beginning state of cardiac failure, which was suspected from her hypertension associated with cardiomegaly and arrythmia Embolectomy was performed 17 hours after onset of acute pain. Immediate full pulsation of radial artery was obtained after embolectomy and the acute ischemic symptoms subsided gradually. Third case was an embolism in superior mesenteric artery which occured 24 hours after pneumonectomy for right bronchogenic carcinoma and the patient suddenly complained diffuse abdominal colicky pain. 7 hours after attack of abdominal pain. embolectomy with extensive reset ion of the small intestine was performed with uneventful recovery and without complication, such as short bowel syndrome, postoperatively. Histopathologically, the embolus was consisted of a tissue of anaplastic cell carcinoma, which was identical to the tumor of the resected right lung. Histological findings of other emboli of first and second case were old thrombus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1031-1039
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• 1995

Dietary mehaden oil enhances mucosal hyperplasia that normally occurs after massive small bowel resection. In contrast, dexamethasone and aspirin inhibit the adaptation response. In order to gain insight on the mechanism of these effects, male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 150gram were randomly divided into two groups and fed diet containing either 15% safflower oil or 14% menhaden oil and 1% safflower oil. Ten days later they were subjected to 70% jejunoilear resection. Immediately after surgery each group was further divided into two groups and receive either vehicle or 125ug/kg/day dexamethasone subcutaneously. All animals were sacrificed seven days after the surgery, and the remaining intestine was removed and divided at the anastomotic site. Dexamethasone, which decreased gut hyperplasia in both dietary groups, decreased both serum IGF-I levels and ileral PGE2 synthesis. Menhaden oil enhanced gut hyperplasia, but did not increase IGF-I or IGF-II levels in serum. PGE2 synthesis was lower in the ileum of menhaden oil-fed rats compared to that of safflower oil-fed rats. The effects of menhaden oil on adaptation did not apper to be mediated either through IGFs or PGE2 synthesis. Other factors could have played a role in enhancing adaptation following menhaden oil feeding.