• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.498-501
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• 2012

A 10-month-old intact male Maltese dog (body weight, 1.6 kg) presented with intermittent cough and abnormal heart sounds. The dog was diagnosed with a left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on the basis of the results of transthoracic echocardiography, color flow Doppler examination, and angiography. Transcatheter occlusion of the PDA was performed using the $Amplatz^{(R)}$ Canine Duct Occluder (ACDO) via the femoral artery. The device was placed under fluoroscopic guidance and successfully occluded the PDA. The continuous heart murmur disappeared immediately after the correction and no residual flow was detected. The dog was discharged the following day and regularly examined for complications and safety. This is the first report demonstrating the clinical application of ACDO for the transcatheter closure of PDA via the femoral artery in a small-breed dog in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.63-66
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• 2018

A 5-month-old castrated male Bichon $Fris{\acute{e}}$ was presented with a subcutaneous mass on the occipital region. Anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and binucleation were observed on the cytology, and the suspected diagnosis was sarcoma. There were no metastatic lesions on radiography or computed tomography. Surgical resection was performed and fibrosarcoma was diagnosed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. This is a very rare case of a spontaneously occurring subcutaneous fibrosarcoma in a small breed puppy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate whether plasma homocysteine levels were related to obesity or its contributing factors (e.g., lipids, insulin, glucose, glucagon, and fructosamine) in dogs without systemic diseases such as diabetes or renal failure. For achieving our study goal, 100 client-owned dogs without systemic diseases were enrolled in this study. Fasting glucose concentration; lipid profile (i.e., total triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC], highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]); and fructosamine, insulin, and glucagon levels were determined. The dogs were subdivided by the body condition score (BCS). The median levels of homocysteine were considerably higher in obese dogs than in lean and normal dogs. Interestingly, not only was homocysteine positively associated with the level of HDL-C, but also found to have a significant positive association with TG, TC, plasma glucagon levels, and fructosamine. In contrast, LDL-C, fasting glucose and insulin did not show any association with homocysteine. The findings presented, suggest that elevated levels of homocysteine may play a biological role in obesity in dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.255-258
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• 2015

Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) is an acute and life-threatening disease most commonly affecting large- and giant-breed dogs. However a 17-year-old Shih-tzu (4 kg, spayed female) was hospitalized for acute GDV. Repeated unproductive retching, lethargy, and excessively enlarged abdomen were observed. Physical examination indicated that the patient had suffered from hypothermia ($36.5^{\circ}C$), tachycardia (240 bpm), slowed capillary refill time (> 2 sec.), and pale mucous membrane. Grade III murmur with normal lung sound was auscultated. Abdominal palpation revealed that tympanic regions existed in both the left and right sides. Systolic blood pressure decreased gradually from 220 to 40 mmHg within 4 hours. In blood analysis, slight azotemia was observed by blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 29.1 mg/dl) and creatinine (1.6 mg/dl). Blood lactate concentration (8.13 mmol/l) was severely elevated. Additionally, dilatation and volvulus of the stomach was observed by radiograph. Supportive oxygen, heat, fluid, and drugs were administered with gastric decompressions (e.g., gastrocentesis and nasogastric tube). However the patient entered into comatose status with uncontrollable systolic blood pressure, despite the administration of dobutamine intravenously. The case was closed by euthanasia, considering welfare and age. We finally diagnosed the patient as a GDV, thus this is the first GDV case report in small-breed dog such as Shih-tzu.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.288-291
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• 2013

The purpose of the retrospectivestudy was to describe the clinical findings and treatment of intracorneal hemorrhage (ICH) in canine small breeds. The medical records of 6 dogs with ICH (January 2007 to November 2011) were examined to obtain the breed, age, gender, affected eye, cornea area, treatment, and follow-up. A total of 12 corneal areas in 8 eyes were identified in 6 dogs (4 Yorkshire terriers, 1 Poodle, and 1 Maltese). The mean age ${\pm}SD$ at the first presentation was $12.3{\pm}2.8$years, and 5 of 6 dogs were over 12 years old. ICH caused by corneal neovascularization was the most common in the nasal area of cornea (nasal 6/12, superior 4/12, and inferior 2/12) and recurred in different area of same or other cornea in 3 dogs. There were no concomitant corneal diseases at the initial presentation. All dogs affected were treated with combination of topical antibiotics and steroids and subconjuctival injection of steroids. The results showed that ICH can be treated with long-term medical therapies. In addition, further study would be needed to identify specific causes for the intracorneal hemorrhage.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.454-458
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• 2017

A Maltese (case 1) and a Pomeranian (case 2) presented with acute right and left hind limb weight-bearing lameness. On physical examination, they exhibited severe pain and crepitus on the coxofemoral joint of affected hind limb. In addition, decreased thigh girth measurements were noted compared with the opposite leg. Radiological exam revealed necrotic areas in the femoral head of affected hind limb. These dogs were diagnosed with Legg-$Calv{\acute{e}}$-Perthes disease (LCPD). The dogs underwent micro total hip replacement (THR). After surgery, at 3 years (case 1) and 7 months (case 2), both dogs recovered normal activity. The thigh girth and lameness scores were apparently improved in the affected limbs of both dogs. No complications of prosthesis implants, such as loosening, were noted. The clinical outcomes of these cases indicate that dogs with LCPD can be successfully treated with micro THR and have a good prognosis immediately after surgery.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.390-393
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• 2013

This case study describes the imaging features of radiography and computed tomography (CT) in four small breed dogs with lung lobe torsion. The medical records, thoracic radiographs and CT images of four dogs with confirmed lung lobe torsion were retrospectively reviewed. Pleural effusion and increased lobar opacity/density were seen on all CT and thoracic radiography in all four dogs. CT revealed narrowed/collapsed bronchus in all four dogs, while this was only appreciated on one thoracic radiography. The vesicular emphysema pattern was seen on four CT but only on three radiographic examinations. The specific findings of lung lobe torsion were vesicular emphysema and a narrowed/collapsed bronchus. These findings were more easily recognized on CT than with thoracic radiographs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the azygos vein to aorta diameter ratio (AV/AO ratio) in healthy dogs and dogs with diseases that may cause azygos vein dilation. The normal groups included eleven healthy beagle dogs and eleven small breed dogs. The abnormal group included 43 dogs that had diseases with high right atrial pressure (RA group), obstruction of cranial or caudal vena cava (CVC group) and porto-azygos shunt group (PSS group). The diameter of AV and AO were measured at three sites on thoracic CT images; the level of the cranial endplate of 12^th thoracic vertebra (TV level), the tracheal bifurcation (TB level) and the insertion to the cranial vena cava (CrVC level). The AV/AO ratio at the CrVC level had significantly higher values than those at the TV and TB levels in the normal groups. The AV/AO ratios of TV and TB levels in the CVC group and the values at all measurement sites of the PSS group were significantly higher than the normal groups. AV/AO ratio will be a useful factor for the evaluation of various clinical conditions that change the AV diameter with respect independent to the body weight in dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2007

The medical records of 69 dogs with history of bite wounds, between 1998 and 2006, were reviewed. Information obtained from these files included the general statistics of the patients (sex, age, breed, weight), season on occurrence of injuries, body areas wounded, therapeutic regime used and mortality rates. Intact male dogs were more frequently bitten. The weight distribution of the bitten population was varied 41% for small, 16% for medium and 17% for large dogs. The highest incidence was in young animals. The distribution of bite wound injuries over the year was recorded with peaks in April (13%), March (12%), August (12%) and September (10%). The common regions of injury were the head (22), fore-limbs (17), hind-limbs (15), abdomen (15), thorax (15) and neck (14). Mortality tends to be increased in cases of thoracic or abdominal injury. The results about the prevalence of bite wounds in Daejeon and Chungnam area are intended to use as a reference data in veterinary practice.

• Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.79-85
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• 2018

Echocardiography is one of the most useful diagnostic techniques for differentiating heart disease as well as mitral valve lesion. Forty client-owned small breed dogs (weight, 2.3-13.2 kg) aged between 8-17 years with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) were included in the present study. The diagnosis of MMVD in dogs was made based on the clinical signs, chest radiography data, and echocardiographic findings. Echocardiographic examinations were conducted in accordance with recommended standards for dogs. M-mode, Doppler, and 2D echocardiography were performed in left and right lateral recumbency. 2D echocardiography was used to measure LA and Ao diameter from 2D short axis at the level of the aortic valve. In the comparison of conventional echocardiography indices in dogs with different stages of heart failure with MMVD, significant differences were observed in E/A ratio (p=0.005), EDV (p<0.001), EDVI (p<0.001), E-peak velocity (p= 0.001), ESV (p=0.028), ESVI (p=0.004), LA (p<0.001), LA/Ao Ratio (p<0.001), LVIDd (p<0.001), LVIDd/Ao Ratio (p<0.001), LVIDs (p=0.036), LVIDs/Ao Ratio (p=0.002), and MR Velocity (p=0.026). In addition, distinct correlations were found in EDV (r=0.712), LA/Ao ration (r=0.830), LVIDd (r=0.724), and LVIDd/Ao ratio (r=0.759). This study found that known conventional echocardiographic indices, including EDV, LA/Ao ratio, LVIDd dimension, and LVIDd/Ao ratio correlated with the severity of MMVD in point of significant differences and distinct correlations.