• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.825-833
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary fiber, which from whole food on the serum lipid level and bowel function in rats. The fiber sources of experimental diets were prepared by drying and milling of small water dropwort(WD), mugwort(MW), butterbur(BB) and apple(AP). Each fiber sources was mixed at the 15% level of the diet. The level of dietary fiber in WD, MW, BB diets was similar but that in AP diet was slightly low. Male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were blocked into 5 groups ; WD, MW, BB, AP, FF(fiber free). The animals were fed ad libitum each of experimental diets for 37 days. Food intake of AP and FF groups were than other groups, FF group was lower than other grous in food efficiency ratio. MW group showed highest level in fecal weight and fecal water content and group has the longest transit time compare to other groups. Serum triglyceride level was not significantly different among groups. BB group showed the lowest level in the serum total cholesterol. WD and MW groups showed slightly higher level in the serum HDL cholesterol than other groups. Mucosa weight was not significantly different among groups. The activity of maltase in mucosa of small intestine was highest in FF groups. Absorption rates of calcium were not significantly different among groups. Absorption rate of magnesium was higher in FF group compare to others. And, absorption rates of phosphorus in MW and FF groups were slightly lower than other groups.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2005

Purpose : There are two modalities, those are small bowel series(SBS) and abdominal pelvic computed tomography(CT), for diagnosis of small bowel disease. The aim of this study is to lend radiological technologists who are doing the two modalities assistance in the understanding characteristic of disease by comparing the two results. Meterials and method : 284 patients were examined the two SBS and abdominal pelvic CT together from 1999 to 2003. 250 ml $BaSO_4$ suspension 40 w/v% and 600ml carboxy methyl cellulose 0.5 w/v% were used for SBS. Abdominal Pelvic CT was examined in one hour before taking 450 ml $BaSO_4$ suspension 1.5 w/v%. The CT scan was done in 72 sec after 150 ml contrast media injection. the used protocol was helical mode 5:5 mm pitch 1.375:1, speed 27.50, exposure 120 kv, 240 mA, tube rotation time 0.5 sec. the statistic analysis was conducted with statistical program SPSS 10 version with frequency and crossing analysis. P-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results : In the results of SBS, normal findings were 131 patients(46.1%), inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) 64(22.9%), ischemia+ileocolitis+vasculitis 22(7.7%), Obstruction+stricture 21(7.7%) and Others 45(15.9%). In the results of abdominal pelvic CT, normal findings were 103 patients(36.3%), inflammatory bowel disease 65(22.9%), wall thickening+lymphadenopathy 42(14.8%), Fluid collection 17(6%), and Others 57case(20%). The same results of the two were 130patients(45.8%). 30patients(10.6%) of normal finding in SBS were diagnosed as wall thickening+lymphadenopathy and IBD in CT, and 15patients(5.3%) of normal finding in CT were diagnosed as ischemia+ileocolitis+vasculitis, mass and IBD in SBS(p<0.05). Transit time delay was diagnosed in 10patients(3.5%) on only SBS, wall thickening+lymphadenopathy was diagnosed in 20patients(7%) in only CT(p<0.05). Conclusion : We think that proper examination method will be selected in the small bowel disease, if we understand the characteristics of the disease and method.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to evaluate a efficient w/v% barium suspension and w/v% sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC) for small bowel examination. Between november 2001 and june 2002, 370 patients were examined small bowel examination with oral administration of barium suspension mixed with SCMC. we classified into six groups including A(fine type 40% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC and 600 ml 0.5% SCMC administration), B(fine type 30% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC), C(fine type 20% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC), D(fine type 25% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC), E(D mixed coarse type 25% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.5% SCMC), F(D mixed coarse type 25% $BaSO_4$ mixed 0.75% SCMC). We measured transparency rate of contrast media transit time, administration dose, viscosity and particle size. The transparency rate was higher then 80 kV and 90 kV in 100 kV in the same 20 mAs condition. Transit time was the fastest in A group(mean trans time 56 minutes) and the slowest in E group(mean 100 minutes), Administration dose was the smallest in A group(mean dose 541 ml and the most in E group(mean 1,100 ml), viscosity was the lowest in E(125.1 mpa/s) and the highest in A(375.5 mpa/s), and particle size was $1.0\;{\mu}m$ in A, B, C, and D group, $0.6\;{\mu}m,\;1.0\;{\mu}m,\;10.0\;{\mu}m$ in E, F group. In conclusion, we propose that the efficient condition for small examination is high voltage technique, high density $BaSO_4$, and 0.625% w/v SCMC.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2008

The object of this study is to measure the transit time and passage rate of capsule endoscopy (CE) in the gastrointestinal tract in medium sized beagle dogs ($7{\sim}13\;kg$). Animals were divided into four groups: only capsule (group 1, n=10), capsule+water (group 2, n=10), mettoclopramide+capsule (group 3, n=10), metoclopramide +capsule+water (group 4, n=10). The capsule transit times through the stomach and small bowel were evaluated by radiography findings. Gastric transit time (GTT), small intestinal transit time (SITT) and complete passage rate were measured in four groups. GTT's for each group were as follows; $45{\pm}20\;min$ (group 1), $117{\pm}35\;min$ (group 2), $150{\pm}40\;min$ (group 3), and $154{\pm}65\;min$ (group 4), while SITT's were $75{\pm}20\;min$ (group 1), $195{\pm}55\;min$ (group 2), $70{\pm}15\;min$ (group 3), and $76{\pm}15\;min$ (group 4). The complete passage rates were 20% (group 1), 40% (group 2), 20% (group 3), 50% (group 4). In all groups, if CE could pass through the pylorus, it passed all small intestinal tracts within 8 hours (battery life). Administration of water helped CE to pass pylori, except in case of metoclopramide administration. These results indicate that CE could be an useful tool for examining gastrointestinal diseases in the veterinary medicine.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.465-477
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• 1997

The purpose of this article is to know the effects on bowel function of the kind of fiber and the amount of fiber in SD-rats. To do this experiment, we select of $\alpha$-cellulose as n insoluble cellulose source and alginic acid and pectin as soluble cellulose source. The rats diets contained callolose camcentrations of 1.0%, 3.6%, 6.0% and 10.0%. After that, we raised the SD-rats for 4weeks and measured the amount of food intake, body weight, the food effciency ratio, the length of liver and stomach the weight of the intestines, the transit time through the intestines, pH in feces, and the amount of bile acid and Ca, Mg, pp. 1) The amount of food intake was 15.75-31.00g/day. It was highest in the 10.0% cellulose group and the lowest in the 3.6% and 6.0% alginic acid group (p<0.05). The body weights of rats were 277.50-349.809. It was highest in the 1.0% pectin group and lowest in the 3.6% alginic acid group, 6.0% cellulose group, and 10.0% pectin group. It had differences according to the content fiber and the kind of dietary(p<0.01). The food efficiency ratio was (p<0.01). The higher the content of dietary fiber, the lower the calory and the food efficiency ratio. 2) Transit time was 446.0-775.0 minutes and it showed signidicant ifferences according to the content and kind of dietary fiber(p<0.01). It was long in the 1.0% cellulose group and 1.0% pectin group but short in the 10.0% alginic acid group. As the content of dietary fiber increased, the transit time through the intestines was shortened. The length of small intestine was 101.03-120.40cm and there were no difference cegardloss of the content and kind of fiber. The length of the large intestine was 20.92-25.42cm and there were significant differences according to the content and kind of the fiber. High-fiber diets resulted in increases in the length of the large intestine. 3) The weight of the liver was 8.68-10.96g and there were no differences according to the content and kind of fiber. The weight of stomach was 1.28-1.74g and there were no differences resulting from the kind of dietary fiber, but it was highest in the 10.0% alginic acid group. The weight of the small intestine was 5.52-8.04g with no difference resulting from to the kind of fiber. It was highest in the 10.0% the alginic acid group and lowest in the 1.0% alginic acid group(p<0.05). The weight of large intestine was 2.50-3.30g with no differences related to the kind of dietary fiber. It was heaviest in the 6.0% and 10.0% alginic acid groups and in the 10.0% pectin group with differences related to the content of fiber(p<0.05). 4) The pH of the feces was 5.82-6.86 according to the kind of dietary fiber, alginic acid group was high at 6.66, the cellulose group was 6.26. but the pectin group was low at 6.30. There were difference according to the content of fiber, but no consistency. The content of bile acid was 6.25-34.77umol per 1g of dry feces. According to the kind of dietary fiber, the alginic acid group was low at 12.91umol, cellulose group was 18.64umol and, the pectin group was the highest at 27.78umol(p<0.001). Based on the content of dietary fiber, alginic acid group was low at 1.0%, but high at 3.6% pectin group(p<0.001). 5) The amount of feces was 1.00-5.10g/day. The weight of rat feces was 2.23g/day in the alginic acid goup, 2.75g/day in the cellulose group, and 1.82g/day in the pectin group. According to the content of fiber, cellulose group was high at 10.0% but alginic acid group was 1.0%, and there were significant difference according to the dietary fiber. The more the content of fiber, the more increase the content of feces in alginic acid, cellulose and pectin group. The content of Ca in the feces was 80.10-207.82mg/1g of dry feces. In the dietary fiber, alginic acid group was 193.08mg, cellulose group was 87.5mg, pectin group was 138.16mg. In the content of fiber, alginic acid group was high at 1.0% and 3.6% but low at 10.0% of Pectin group. The content of Mg was 19.15-44.72mg/1g of dry feces. According to the kind of dietary fiber, alginic acid group was 35.33mg, cellulose group was 23.60mg, and pectin was 36.93mg. According to the content of fiber, pectin group was high at 1.0% and low at 10.0% of cellulose group. The content of P was 1.65-4.65mg/1g of dry feces. According to the kind of dietary fiber, alginic acid group 2.23mg/g dry feces, cellulose group was 2.29mg/g, pectin group wa 4.08mg/g dry feces. In the content of fiber, pectin group was high at 6.0% and low at 6.0% alginic acid group, but there were significant difference among the analysis value. The conetnt of Ca and MG was higher in soluble alginic acid group and pectin group than in insoluble cellulose group. The high the content of the dietary fiber, the lower the food efficiency ratio and the short the transit time through intestine with the increase of the length of large intestin as well as the higher level of the stomach, the small intestine and the large intestine. According to the content of the dietary fiber, the amount of the feces, Ca, Mg and P was increased but the length the small intestin, the weight of liver, pH of the feces and the amount of bile acid showed no differences and consistency.