• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.72-84
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• 2024

Plant leaf classification is an imperative task when their use in real world is considered either for medicinal purposes or in agricultural sector. Accurate identification of plants is, therefore, quite important, since there are numerous poisonous plants which if by mistake consumed or used by humans can prove fatal to their lives. Furthermore, in agriculture, detection of certain kinds of weeds can prove to be quite significant for saving crops against such unwanted plants. In general, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are a suitable candidate for classification of images when small datasets are available. However, these suffer from local minima problems which can be effectively resolved using some global optimization techniques. Considering this issue, the present research paper presents an automated plant leaf classification system using optimized soft computing models in which ANNs are optimized using Grasshopper Optimization algorithm (GOA). In addition, the proposed model outperformed the state-of-the-art techniques when compared with simple ANN and particle swarm optimization based ANN. Results show that proposed GOA-ANN based plant leaf classification system is a promising technique for small image datasets.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2020

The present study discussed the thermodynamic analysis of the hydrogen liquefaction process to build a hydrogen liquefaction pilot plant with a small capacity (0.5 ton/day). A 2-stage Brayton cycle utilizing LNG/LN2 cold energy was suggested to be built in Korea for the hydrogen liquefaction pilot plant with a small capacity. Thermodynamic analysis on the effect of various variables on the efficiency of hydrogen liquefaction process was performed. As a result, the CASE in which the ortho-para conversion catalyst was infiltrated inside the heat exchanger showed the best process efficiency. Finally, thermodynamic analysis was performed on the effect of turbo expander compression ratio on the hydrogen liquefaction process and it was confirmed that an optimal turbo expander compression ratio exists.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.1129-1130
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• 2011

The output of small hydro power plant was generated less than rated output under high temperature. We Installed the artificial ventilation that blow cold wind from water supply pipe tunnel to small hydro power plant. The temperature of small hydro power has been decreased. The output of small hydro power plant has been increased from 405kW to 445kW.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 1990

There is a family of homologous proteins known to small GTP-inding proteins which have a GTP binding domains and GTPase activity with molecular weight of about 20000 in mammalian tissues. Recently at least 20 different small GTP-binding proteins including three rasproto-oncogene, smg25, rho, and ral gene products were identified. These proteins play a central role in cellular prolifration, neoplasia, signal transduction, terminal differentiation, and secretory process of the cells. In this review, I have briefly compiled current information on the different areas of research in the small GTP-binding proteins in an attempt to convey an overall view of the fundamental role that this family of protein in normal cellular processes. Moreover, furture goals of research in the small GTP-binding proteins as well as the possible existence of this family of proteins in plant cells were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.202-202
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• 2005

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2018

The plant hormone auxin regulates the overall metabolic processes essential for plant growth and development. Auxin signaling is mediated by early auxin response genes, which are classified into three major families: AUXIN/INDOLE ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA), GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3) and SMALL AUIN UP RNA (SAUR). The SAUR gene family is the largest family among early auxin response genes and encodes the small and highly unstable gene products. The functional roles of SAUR genes have remained unclear for many years. The traditional genetic and molecular studies on the SAUR functions have been hampered by their likely genetic redundancy and tandem arrays of highly related genes in the plant genome, together with the molecular characteristics of SAUR. However, recent studies have suggested possible roles of SAUR in a variety of tissues and developmental stages in accordance with the novel approaches such as gain-of-function and RNA silencing techniques. In this review, the recent research progress on the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of SAUR and a set of possible future works are discussed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2013

Auxin is a key plant hormone which regulates overall plant growth development. A number of researches to investigate auxin signaling identified three major classes of early auxin response genes: AUX/IAA, GH3 and SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR). Among these genes, in planta functions of SAUR gene family are largely ambiguous, while both AUX/IAA and GH3 genes are analyzed to mediate negative feedback on auxin response. SAUR genes encode small plant-specific proteins. SAUR gene products are highly unstable and transiently expressed in the tissue- and developmental-specific manners in response to auxin and various environmental stimuli. In the decades, molecular and genetic approaches to elucidate in planta functions of SAURs have been hampered by several factors such as the unstable molecular features and functional redundancy among them. However, a series of recent studies focusing on several subgroups of SAUR gene family made significant progress in our understanding of its biochemical and physiological functions. These works suggest that many SAUR proteins mainly regulate auxin-related cell expansion and auxin transport. In this review, the recent progress in SAUR research and prospects for crop improvement through its genetic manipulation are discussed.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 1996

Small GTP-binding proteins are divided into three major group: Ras, Rho and Ypt/Rab. They have the conserved regions designed G1 to G5 that are critical in GDP/GTP exchange, GTP-induced conformational change and GTP hydrolysis. We isolated and characterized genomic DNA or cDNAfragments encoding G1 to G3 domains of small GTP-binding protein Rab and Rho from several plant species using two different PCR-based cloning strategies. Seven rab DNA fragments were isolated from 4 different plants, mung-bean, tobacco, rice and pepper using two degenerate primers corresponding to the GTP-binding domain G1 and G3 in small GTP-binding proteins. The amino acid sequences among these rab DNA fragments and other known small GTP-binding proteins shows that they belong to the Ypt/Rab family. Six rho DNA fragments were isolated from 5 different plants, mung-bean, rice, Arabidopsis, Allium and Gonyaulax using the nested PCR method that involves four degenerate primers corresponding to the GTP-binding domain G1, G3 and G4. The rho DNA fragments cloned show more than 90% homology to each other. Sequence comparison between plant and other known Rho family genes suggests that they are closely related (67 to 82% amino acid identity). Sequence analysis and southern blot analysis of rab and rho in mung-bean suggest than thses genes are encoded by multigene family in mung-bean.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2004

To get basic information on the Korea local corn lines collected from Busan and Gyungnam Province, a total of 49 lines were classified by the principal component analysis method. The lines were classified into 4 lineal groups by the taxonomic distance. Croup I included 11 lines, and groupII, groupIII and groupIV included 20 lines, 14 lines and 4 lines, respectively. Four groups could be characterized as follows: Croup I : early maturity, short plant, small ears, small kernels, low tillering and medium yielding. Croup II : early maturity, tall plant, large ears, large kernels, multi-ears, low tillering and high yielding. GroupIII: late maturity, short plant, small ears, small kernels, high tillering and low yielding. Croup W medium maturity, tall plant, large ears, small kernels, prolific ears, high tillering and higher yielding.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1984

In order to clarify an effect of seedling weight on the growth pattern of ginseng, seedlings ranged from 0.4g plant to 1.8g plant were transplanted, and then the characters of 5- and 6-year-old ginseng were investigated. The characters of root and leaf, such as length and diameter of main root, root weight, leaf area, and leaf dry weight of 5- and 6-year-old ginseng originated from large seedlings were superior as compared with those from small seedlings, and percentage of missing plant was increased with the increase of seedling weight. There were, however, no significant difference in stem length, stem dry weight, number of seeds per plant and number of palmate leaves and leaflets per plant in 5- and 6-year-old ginseng and these characters were not affected by the weight of seedings transplanted. Root field per unit area was higher in seedings of above 0.6g/plant than in small seedlings.