• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the quantitative evaluation of the corticospinal tract (CST) at the multiple levels by using functional MRI (fMRI) co-registered to diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Materials and Methods : Ten normal subjects without any history of neurological disorder participated in this study. fMRI was performed at 1.5 T MR scanner using hand grasp-release movement paradigm. DTT was performed by using DtiStudio on the basis of fiber assignment continuous tracking algorithm (FACT). The seed region of interest (ROI) was drawn in the area of maximum fMRI activation during the motor task of hand grasp-release movement on a 2-D fractional anisotropy (FA) color map, and the target ROI was drawn in the cortiocospinal portion of anterior lower pons. We have drawn five ROIs for the measurement of FA and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) along the corona radiata (CR) down to the medulla. Results : The contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) was mainly found to be activated in all subjects. DTT showed that tracts originated from SM1 and ran to the medulla along the known pathway of the CST. In all subjects, FA values of the CST were higher at the level of the midbrain and posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC) than the level of others. Conclusion : Our study showed that co-registered fMRI and DTT has elucidated the state of CST on 3-D and analyzed the quantitative values of FA and ADC at the multiple levels. We conclude that co-registered fMRI and DTT may be applied as a useful tool for clarifying and investigating the state of CST in the patients with brain injury.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.327-337
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• 2017

A continuous low temperature ($510^{\circ}C{\sim}530^{\circ}C$) pyrolysis experiment in a pilot-scale of 85.3 kg/hr was carried out by the mixed feedstock of half dried digested sewage sludge and waste plastics. As a result, the amount of pyrolysis gas generated was maximum 68.3% of input dry mass and scored $40.9MJ/Nm^3$ of lower heating value (LHV), and the percentage of air inflow caused by continuous pyrolysis was 19.6%. The oil was produced 4.2% of the input dry mass, and the LHV was 32.5 MJ/kg. The sulfur and chlorine contents, which could cause corrosion of the facility, were found to be 0.2% or more respectively. The carbide generated was 27.5% of the input dry mass which shows LHV of 10.2 MJ/kg, and did not fall under designated waste from the elution test. The concentration of carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides and hydrogen cyanide of emitted flu gas from pyrolysis gas combustion was especially high, and dioxin (PCDDs/DFs) was within the legal standards as $0.034ng-TEQ/Sm^3$. Among the 47 water pollutant contents of waste water generated from dry flue gas condensation, several contents such as total nitrogen, n-H extract and cyanide showed high concentration. Therefore, the merge treatment in the sewage treatment plants after pre-treatment could be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.1097-1103
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics of seasoned skewered chicken added with fermented carrot juice (FCJ) during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 21 days. The carrot juice was fermented using 2% Leuconostoc mesenteroides SM at $25^{\circ}C$ for 18$\sim$20 hr. Seasoned skewered chicken was produced containing 0, 5% and 10% FCJ. The pH and color values of seasoned skewered chicken were decreased with longer storage periods, while the VBN content was increased during storage. Bacteria was not detected in seasoned skewered chicken containing FCJ. The saturated fatty acid in seasoned skewered chicken decreased with increasing additions of FCJ, whereas the unsaturated fatty acid was increased compared to the control. The texture, resilience, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness of seasoned skewered chicken were not significantly different, while the hardness of seasoned skewered chicken added with 10% FCJ was significantly the lowest (p<0.05). With regard to sensory evaluation, seasoned skewered chicken added with 10% FCJ resulted in higher overall acceptability than other skewered chickens. These results suggest that manufacture of seasoned skewered chicken added with FCJ can help to improve quality of skewered chicken.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.162-170
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• 2018

To improve the productivity of Pleurotus ostreatus, different conditions of liquid spawn culture were tested. The optimum culture conditions were potato dextrose broth, incubation temperature of $22^{\circ}C$, and pH 6. Fifteen different media ('A' to 'O') containing 0.3% soybean meal (SM) were prepared by varying sugar and glucose contents. The cultures were propagated in SM media for 14 days, at $22^{\circ}C$, and pH 6. Their absorbances were higher after 14 days of incubation in the media containing both sugar and glucose. In particular, the absorbance of media containing 5 to 20% of glucose alone ('C', 'D', 'E', and 'F') tended to increase in the incubation period. Dry cell weight was lower in media containing less than 20% sugar or glucose alone than in media containing 30% sugar ('A') or 30% glucose ('B') alone. In sawdust media, in 900 mL-bottle, the optimum inoculation volume of liquid spawn was 15 to 20 mL. The texture of the mushroom cultivated with the liquid spawn was superior to that cultivated in the solid spawn.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.550-555
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• 2001

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a mitogenic peptide with a molecular mass of 7 kDa. It is produced mainly in the liver and has important functions in the regulation of development and somatic growth. Moreover, Serum IGF-I concentration is regulated by the quantity and the nutritional quality of dietary protein. To determine the IGF-I level in Korean rockfish, Sabastes schlegeli, were fed four experiment diets that contained different protein quantities, namely $30\%,\;40\%,\;50\%\;and\;60\%$ for 70 days. Weight gain of the fish increased depending dietary protein quantity, Also, IGF-I concentrations increased according to dietary protein quantity, Feeding experiments were conducted to examine the effects of dietary protein sources on the serum IGF-I level in Korean rockfish, Fish meal (CO), soybean meal (SM), corn-gluten meal (CGM), meat meal (MM) and feather meal (FM) were used as variable protein sources of the formulated diet. IGF-I concentrations of the CO and MM groups ($277.7\pm23.2,\;291.5\pm41.2\;ng/mL$) were higher than those of the CGM and FM groups ($208.9\pm21.3,\;217.2\pm38.2\;ng/mL$). And IGFBP-3 levels by western blot analysis increased in good protein diets such as in the CO and MM groups. In conclusion, IGF-I may be a sensitive indicator the protein metabolism in fish as well as mammalian.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.427-436
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• 2008

Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavioral response and assess the effectiveness of additional intranasal (IN) and submucosal (SM) administration of midazolam during pediatric sedation for dental procedure. Material and methods. Thirty-three cases of healthy (ASAⅠ), uncooperative children aged from 24 to 72 month old at pediatric dental clinic of Ewha Womans University Hospital were selected for this study. Children received oral chloral hydrate 50 mg/kg with hydroxyzine 1.0 mg/kg. After waiting for 45 minutes, midazolam 0.2 mg/kg was administrated via IN route and via SM route randomly maintaining 50% of $N_2O$. A pulse oximeter and a capnograph were used for measuring vital signs ($SpO_2$, PR, RR, $EtCO_2$) throughout the sedation. Behavioral response was evaluated as Quiet (Q), Crying (C), Movement (M) or Struggling (S) in every 2 minutes for 40 minutes. Results. There were also no statistically significant differences in vital signs of the two groups. The behavioral response for the first ten minutes during sedation was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the two groups. After the first ten minutes, it was revealed that there was no significant difference. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that the addition of IN midazolam to the combination of oral chloral hydrate with hydroxyzine and nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation is as safe and effective as that of SM midazolam in pediatric sedation for dental procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2018

Electric pump system is new technology for next generation propulsion unit. The system has simple structure which dose not need gas generator, injector and turbine and might better pump for low cost and low payload rocket. Therefore, this paper suggests conceptual design of electric-pump Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) which has 50 kW & 50,000 RPM for rocket. To satisfy the system's requirement, electromagnetic analysis is conducted for suitable inner and outer diameter of stator and rotor which uses 4000 Gauss cylinder magnet and Inconel 718 can to fix whole rotor. Futhermore, to confirm rotational vibration, rotordynamics analysis is conducted. By this analysis, Campbell diagram is printed. From the diagram, natural frequency could be determined for the only motor and dynamo meter test bench.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1954-1960
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• 2006

The effects of the exopolymers of Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 containing $\beta$-1,3/1,6-glucan on formalin-induced chronic inflammation were observed. Doses of 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg of the exopolymers were orally administered once a day for 10 days to formalin-induced chronic inflammatory mice (0.02 ml of 3.75% formalin was subaponeurotically injected into the left hind paw), and then the bilateral hind-paw thickness and volume were measured daily, while the paw wet-weight, histological profiles, and histomorphometrical analyses were conducted at termination. The results were compared with those for diclofenac, indomethacin, and dexamethasone (intraperitoneally injected) 15 mg/kg-dosed groups. All the animals were sacrificed 10 days after dosing. As a result of the formalin injection, a marked increase in the difference between the intact and formalin-induced paw thickness and volume was detected in the formalin-injected control compared with that in the intact control with time, plus at the time of sacrifice, the difference in the paw wet-weights was also dramatically increased. In a histological and histomorphometrical analysis, severe histological profiles of chronic inflammation were detected in the formalin-injected control with a marked increase in the thickness of the skin of the dorsum pedis. However, these formalin-induced chronic inflammatory changes were significantly and dose-dependently decreased by the exopolymer treatment. In conclusion, the exopolymer treatment inhibited the chronic inflammatory response induced by formalin injection in the mice. However, somewhat low efficacies were detected compared with those for the diclofenac-, indomethacin-, and dexamethasone-treated groups.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.179-185
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• 2014

The existing USB connection type of the clip-type pulsmeter equipped with a Hall sensor and a permanent magnet does not have any error or malfunction to measure the pulse wave. The property of the wireless networking system communicating the pulse wave data through the wireless LAN communication by combination USB with Ethernet and Ethernet to Wi-Fi converting system instead of existing USB connection method was investigated. There are exited that the patient needs to stay at close site of the desktop PC without USB connector and the wireless transfer and receiver networking system has pulse wave measurement SW to receive the pulse wave data. Thus it is expected that the study becomes helpful to measure and transfer the exact pulse wave of the patient in a comfortable pose at close range.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2013

PTCR ceramics of $(Ba_{0.998}Sm_{0.002})TiO_3+0.001MnCO_3+xSiO_2$ (x=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 mol%) were fabricated by solid state method. Disk samples of diameter 5 mm and thickness about 1mm were sintered at $1,290^{\circ}C$ for 2 h in reduced atmosphere of $5%H_2-95%N_2$ followed by re-oxidation at $600^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. in $20%O_2-80%N_2$.and their microstructures and electrical properties were investigated with SEM and Multimeter. The color of sintered samples was strongly dependent on $SiO_2$ content showing that the color of samples with $SiO_2$ of 1~2 mol% was gray but that of samples with $SiO_2$ of 4~6 mol% was changed from gray to blue, which seems to be related with the reduction of samples due to the oxygen vacancies created during the sintering in reduced atmosphere. $SiO_2$ content had a great influence on the microstructure and the electrical properties. With increasing $SiO_2$ content, the grain size of samples increased and the resistivity as well as the resistivity jump ($R_{285}/R_{min}$) decreased, which is considered to be attributed to the resistivity change at grain interior and grain boundary due to the fast mass transfer through $SiO_2$ liquide phase during the sintering. Samples with 2 mol% $SiO_2$ has the resistivity of $202{\Omega}cm$ and the resistivity jump of 3.28. It is expected that $SiO_2$ doped $BaTiO_3$ based PTC ceramics can be used for multilayered PTC thermistor due to the resistance to the sintering in reduced atmosphere.