• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2011

The two-stage intermittent aeration activated sludge process (IAP) and dynamic-flow intermittent aeration activated sludge process (DFP) were investigated for the nutrient removal of domestic wastewater. Three sets of IAP and one set of DFP were operated. The fermented settled sludge taken from the primary settling tank was added to two IAP and one DFP as an external electron donor, with one IAP, in which an external carbon source was not added, as a control. All the systems were operated at a sludge retention time of 20 days and a hydraulic retention time of 12 hr. A Higher denitrification rate was observed with the fermented settled sludge for the denitrification compared to the process without the addition of the organic source. The result indicates that the fermented acid from the primary domestic sludge has been proved to be an excellent electron donor for denitrification and biological phosphorus removal with IAP and DFP in treating relatively low C/N ratio(Carbon / Nitrogen ratio) wastewater. Phosphate accumulating organisms have a capability of competing with denitrifiers in the presence of volatile organic acids under anoxic conditions.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2014

To treat chromaticity contained in effluents of dyeing wastewater efficiently, potent dye-degrading microorganisms were isolated from influent water, aeration- tank sludge, recycle water and settling-tank sludge located in leather and dyeing treatment plant. Six potent strains were finally isolated and identified as Comamonas testosteroni, Methylobacteriaceae bacterium, Stenotrophomonas sp., Kluyveromyces fragilis, Ascomycetes sp. and Basidiomycetes sp. When Basidiomycetes sp. was inoculated into ME medium containing basal mixed-dyes, 93% of color was removed after 8 days incubation. In the same experiment, the 1:1 mixed culture of Basidiomycetes sp. and photosynthetic bacterium exhibited 88% of color removal; however, it showed better color removal for single-color dyes. The aeration-tank and settling-tank samples revealed higher color removal (95-96%) for black dyes. The settling-tank sample also revealed higher color removal on basal mixed-dyes, which resulted in 90% color removal after 6-h incubation. From the above results, it is expected to achieve a higher color removal using the mixed microorganisms that were isolated from aeration-tank and settling-tank samples.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1998년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.150-152
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• 1998

Now the lack of water is serious problem all over the world because of the growth of population and expansion of industrial activities. So wastewater recycle and reuse is essential in many countries. One of the most popular wastewater treatment processes is conventional activated sludge system. In spite of significant degree of treatment rate the biological process has some operational difficulties and capital disadvantages. In conventional activated sludge process, sludge settling condition is getting worse in case of sludge bulking, it is common that overall process fails due to wash-out of biomass causing low concentration of MLSS in the aeration tank. Because of the absence of claifier the membrane bioreactor(MBR) process is less affected by such problems.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2013

본 연구는 CSOs의 처리를 위해 개발된 응집침전시스템의 운전초기에 발생하는 침전슬러지를 응집반응조에 반송하였다. 슬러지 반송을 통해 생성되는 플록의 형성특성 및 침전특성을 분석하고, CSOs 유입초기의 고농도 입자성 물질이 가중응집제로 활용될 수 있는지 그 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 그 결과, CSOs는 유입초기 고농도의 오염물질을 포함하며, 특히 20 ${\mu}m$ 이상의 입자성 물질이 다량 유입되었다. 응집침전시스템을 통해 처리된 유출수는 고농도의 오염물질이 유입되는 시기에는 처리수질이 낮아졌으나, 이후 유입오염물질의 농도가 감소되는 시점에서는 처리수질이 증가하는 현상을 보였다. 슬러지반송 운전에서 생성되는 플록은 마이크로샌드를 주입한 플록에 비해 크기는 비슷하고, 침강속도는 55.1 cm/min에서 21.5 cm/min으로 감소하였다. 반송에 사용되는 침전조 하부에 축적된 슬러지의 SVI값은 72로 침강성이 양호하였으며, 침전된 슬러지가 압밀침전으로 인해 부피가 급격히 감소하는데 걸리는 시간은 10분 정도로 분석되었다. 반송슬러지는 인발 0.3%에 반송 0.1%의 조건에서 지속적인 슬러지 발생에 따른 침전과 인발의 균형이 형성되는 것으로 분석되었으며, 이때, 응집반응조의 평균 TS농도는 100~200 mg/L, VS농도는 50~100 mg/L 정도를 유지하도록 슬러지를 반송하는 것이 적절한 것으로 분석되었다. CSOs의 입자성물질을 함유한 슬러지의 반송은 유입수질의 변화에 대응하여 안정적인 처리수의 수질을 확보할 수 있고, 약품주입량의 감소와 함께 슬러지 발생량의 감소효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.346-351
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• 2004

Because of being produced a great deal of excess sludges from biological wastewater treatment process, the subject regarding treatment and disposal of them has been significantly handled in real plants. It should be considered the alternative treatment with easy operating and cost effective process in rural areas. For the thickening of wasted activated sludge from small scale wastewater treatment facilities, thus, the provisional sludge thickening system was developed by the application of mesh filter module. Three meshes with different pore size(100, 150, $200{\mu}m$) were prepared for filter modules that were used to withdraw effluent from thickening system. A filter module with $100{\mu}m$ mesh was chosen as the most effective thickening material in the viewpoint of volume reduction and effluent quality: the volume reductions of initially injected sludge with 3,600 mg/L and 9,100 mg/L were 95% and 85%, respectively, and the filtered effluents were enough good to be shown below 1.0 mg/L of SS and 1.0 NTU of turbidity. Since the filtration of thickening was influenced by the cake layer formed on mesh filter module and this system was operated in the combination of sludge thickening with gravity settling, the filter modules with smaller pore size and the larger floc size were required for long term operation safely.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.875-883
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• 2006

The carbon and nitrogen removal process using PVA-gel (Polyvinyl Alcohol) immobilized microorganisms was studied. The process has been operated under diverse process conditions for 12 months. The process consists of denitrification with internal recycle of 300%, nitrification, aerobic digestion reactors and settling tank. Nitrificatoin and nitrogen removal efficiency according to gel packing ratio and temperature were studied. Yield for Heterotrophs ($Y_H$), decay coefficient for Heterotrophs($b_H$) in aerobic digestion reactor were determined to seize sludge reduction mechanism and compared with typical data of activated sludge process. Then SRT in aerobic digestion reactor was determined on an experimental basis and sludge reduction efficiency was calculated. The process was implemented successfully with sludge reduction efficiency of 92.0~98.5% on a basis of biomass.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.398-402
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• 2005

The enzyme Xeronine was investigated as a microbial activating substance in biological wastewater treatment processes. Xeronine as bio-stimulant was injected in the anaerobic sludge and the activated sludge treating wastewater in order to examine the effect of hidden benefits. Bio-stimulant did not show significant improvement of anaerobic treatablity. In the aerobic system, higher bio-stimulant dose condition resulted in slightly more removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Floc aggregation and zone settling velocity as solid-liquid separation factors in activated sludge systems was enhanced by bio-stimulant. Effects of bio-stimulants injection on improvement of water quality and microbial activity did not clear in terms of normal operation conditions.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 Proceedings of KSEH.Minamata Forum
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• pp.51-53
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• 2005

Disposal of waterwork sludge is important problem in WTP(water treatment plant). Purpose of this study is treated municipal waste water chemically using sludge that is produced in waterwork plant by link to reutilize waterwork sludge. Municipal waste water that use in an experiment used is produced at C university, and is SS 220 mg/L, BOD 145 mg/L, COD 160 mg/L, T-N 52 mg/L and T-P 2.6 mg/L. Used Alum, polymer coagulant and coagulant aid (diatomite, powered activated carbon) as CaO, coagulant as alkaline aid by chemical treatment medicine. In case of does slow speed agitation and stations after pours waterwork sludge in sewage and alkaline aid and coagulant at rapidly mixing the colloidal creation speed is fast and fine colloids concentration was high but settling time is shortened a little and removal rate of pollutant improved by $60{\sim}99%$.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 1998

This research was investigated which denitrification of wastewater containing nitrate, using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process is also used for both artifical and industrial wastewater. Main ingredients investigated in the artifical and industrial wastewater experiment were the determination of optimum organism/nitrate ratios, nitrate removal efficiency by various hydrogen donor addition and characteristics of granular sludge and gas production in case of various hydrogen donor addition. From the experimental results the following conclusions were made: In case of adding methanol, ethanol and sodium acetate as hydrogen donor granular sludge was formed 50 days after seeding. Average diameter of granular sludge was 4.0 mm and settling velocity was 37 cm/min. Production rate of gas 3.3 L/d in case of adding methanol as hydrogen donor in wastewater containing 150mg/L nitrate. However adding ethanol and sodium acetate as hydrogen donor, gas production rate were 2.2-2.7L/d respectively. In case of adding methanol as hydrogen donor treatability of artifical wastewater contained 150mg/L as nitrate was about 93%. But in addition of sodium acetate in wastewater contained 40mg.L as nitrate, nitrate removal efficiency was 80%.

• 청정기술
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.398-403
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• 2012

폐수로부터 안정적이며 경제적으로 질소 성분을 제거하기 위하여 선택적 질산화와 슬러지 그래뉼화를 파일럿 규모의 공기 유동 연속회분반응기(sequencing batch reactor, SBR)에서 수행하였다. 연속회분반응기 유입 암모니아 부하가 1.0 kg ${NH_4}^+-N/m^3{\cdot}d$까지는 거의 100%에 가까운 높은 질산화율을 보였고, 1.0~2.0 kg ${NH_4}^+-N/m^3{\cdot}d$에서는 거의 90%, 2.0 kg ${NH_4}^+-N/m^3{\cdot}d$ 이상에서는 질산화율이 90% 아래로 떨어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 암모니아 저해와 용존산소 제한에 의한 아질산 산화균의 선택적 저해는 폐수 질산화에서 아질산 축적을 유도할 수 있다. 본 실험에서 연속회분반응기의 pH를 8.0 이상으로 그리고 용존산소를 1.5 mg/L 이하로 유지했을 때 모두 0.95 이상의 아질산 비율을 얻었다. 또한 공기 유동 연속회분반응기의 침전시간을 5분으로 짧게 유지하여 침전성이 좋지 않은 슬러지를 반응기에서 배제하고 침전성이 좋은 슬러지를 선택적으로 배양하였다. 그 결과 슬러지 침전성이 향상되면서 그래뉼 형성이 촉진되었으며 슬러지 침강계수(sludge volume index, SVI)는 60일 이후부터 75 이하로 안정되게 유지되었다.