• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1994

This study was carried out to elucidate the excitatory mechanisms of Substance P in the antral circular muscle, using isometric contraction recording, conventional microelectrode method and whole-cell patch clamp technique. Substance P produced tonic and phasic contractions in a dose-dependent manner and depolarized membrane potential with increased amplitude of slow waves in muscle strips. Voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ currents were increased by the application of Substance P from a holding potential of -60mV to 50mV in 10mV steps and this effect was blocked by the addition of an antagonist. Also Substance P increased transient and spontaneous oscillatory $K^+$ outward currents. The enhanced outward currents were abolished by apamin in dispersed single cells. These results suggest that the depolarization of membrane potential by Substance P activates voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channels, which represents an excitatory response in the antral circular muscle and led to an increase in $Ca^{2+}\;activated\;K^+\;currents$.

• 한국수의병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수의병리학회 2003년도 추계학술대회초록집
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• pp.29-29
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• 2003

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is among the most prevalent and important infectious agents associated with porcine respiratory disease complex. The airway dagame caused by M. hyopneumoniae adversely affect the pulmonary host defense mechanisms and may lead to secondary bacterial infections. Culture is considered to be the "gold standard" for diagnosis but this is a very slow and labor-intensive procedure. Isolation of M. hyopneumoniae is complicated by its fastidious nature and extremely slow growth. Thirty days of incubation may be necessary to detect the organism in primary broth cultures. The purposes of the study were (ⅰ) to develop nested PCR for the detection of M. hyopneumoniae for the detection of M. hyopneumoniae DNA in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissues from experimentally and naturally infected pigs and (ⅱ) to compare the utility of nested PCR with in situ hybridization. (omitted)

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.72-75
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• 2012

Purpose: Dermatofibroma is a common benign dermal tumor characterized by a proliferation of fibroblast-like spindle cells. It is commonly localized on the skin of extremities and presents as a slow growing solitary nodule. To our knowledge, the occurrence of dermatofibroma in the oral cavity is rare. Herein, we report a rare case of dermatofibroma on the lower lip. Methods: A 60-year-old woman presented with a slow growing mass that measured $1{\times}0.8cm$ in diameter on the lower lip. The mass was surgically excised with clear margins. Results: Histologically, the mass was characterized by a nodular tumor composed of collagen bundles, fibroblasts, and histiocytes, which were findings consistent with dermatofibroma. The postoperative course was uneventful without any complications. Conclusion: When evaluating nodular tumors of the oral area, dermatofibroma should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.707-717
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to introduce the normalization effects of stimulation of both ST36 and CV11, 12, 13 meridian points on the abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity in two cases of functional dyspeptic patients with gastric dysmotility. Methods: Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded by electrogastrography every two weeks until their gastric myoelectrical activity finally reached the normality. Dominant frequency of gastric slow waves in the fasting and postprandial periods and a dominant power ratio were obtained on each occasion. Patients were treated three times each day: 9 am, 1 pm, and 7 pm. The first treatment consisted of manual and immersion stimulation on all used meridian points for 20 min. In the second and third treatments, electrical stimulation of both ST36 was added. It was conducted for 20 min at a strength intensity of 1.2 times the pain threshold at a frequency of 3 Hz. Results: Stimulation of the above meridian points normalized abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity. The time taken to return from abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity to normal was 16-19 weeks. Conclusion: Stimulation of both ST36 and CV11, 12, 13 meridian points normalized the abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity in the functional dyspepsia of gastric dysmotility.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2023

Most of salivary tumors are benign in nature and are typically diagnosed and classified based on their histopathological presentation. Basal cell adenoma of the salivary glands is a rare, benign disease accounting for 1% to 3% of salivary gland tumors. Despite its low incidence, basal cell adenoma is the third most common benign tumor of the salivary gland after pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumor. It usually appears as a firm and slow-growing mass. Due to the prognosis, differential diagnosis with basal cell adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is required. In this report, we present two cases; a 62-year-old woman who presented with an asymptomatic, and slow-growing mass and a 64-year-old woman with a static-sized mass in the parotid gland. In both cases, the mass was completely excised, postoperative pathology reports confirmed the diagnosis of basal cell adenoma. We also review the literature and discuss this rare entity.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.46-58
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• 2004

1. Objectives This study was performed by means of perceptual evaluation of the voices of Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods 73 female subjects were classified by means of 3 kinds of Questionnaire papers(QSCCII, QSCCI, Sasang Pattern Identification Questionnaire). So they were categorized into 3 groups, 23 Soyangin, 28 Taeumin and 22 Soeumin. 73 voice samples were presented three times to a group of 5 judges. The time interval between ratings was 14 days. The four goals of this study were to evaluate the intraobserver reliability between each rating, to evaluate the interobserver reliability, to evaluate the reliability between the each rating and Questionnaire result and to make the notion of the consensus of Sasang Constitution's Voice. 3. Results & Conclusions The intraobserver reliability between the first and second rating showed significance statistically among all observers. And the intraobserver reliability between the second and third rating showed significance except one observer. The interobserver reliability among the three ratings showed significance statistically except one to two observers in the first rating and other one to another one in the second rating. In the reliability between the each rating and Questionnaire result, one in the first rating, other one in the second rating and another two in the third rating showed significance. To make the notion of the consensus of Sasang Constitution's Voice, classification into 4 categories was made: clear/hoarse, high/low, fast/slow, powerful/powerless. The voice of Soyangin group was classified as powerful and fast, and that of Taeumin group as powerful, hoarse and low and that of Soeumin group as powerless and slow.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2005

Classical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) are thought to be candidates for the nonselective cation channels (NSCCs) involved in pacemaker activity and its neuromodulation in murine stomach smooth muscle. We aimed to determine the role of TRPC4 in the formation of NSCCs and in the generation of slow waves. At a holding potential of -60 mV, $50{\mu}M$ carbachol (CCh) induced $I_{NSCC}$ of amplitude [$500.8{\pm}161.8pA$ (n = 8)] at -60 mV in mouse gastric smooth muscle cells. We investigated the effects of commercially available antibodies to TRPC4 on recombinant TRPC4 expressed in HEK cells and CCh-induced NSCCs in gastric smooth muscle cells. TRPC4 currents in HEK cells were reduced from $1525.6{\pm}414.4pA$ (n = 8) to $146.4{\pm}83.3pA$ (n = 10) by anti-TRPC4 antibody and $I_{NSCC}$ amplitudes were reduced from $230.9{\pm}36.3pA$ (n = 15) to $49.8{\pm}11.8pA$ (n = 9). Furthermore, $I_{NSCC}$ in the gastric smooth muscle cells of TRPC4 knockout mice was only $34.4{\pm}10.4pA$ (n = 8) at -60 mV. However, slow waves were still present in the knockout mice. Our data suggest that TRPC4 is an essential component of the NSCC activated by muscarinic stimulation in the murine stomach.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.202-212
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• 2014

ClC-1 is a member of a large family of voltage-gated chloride channels, abundantly expressed in human skeletal muscle. Mutations in ClC-1 are associated with myotonia congenita (MC) and result in loss of regulation of membrane excitability in skeletal muscle. We studied the electrophysiological characteristics of six mutants found among Korean MC patients, using patch clamp methods in HEK293 cells. Here, we found that the autosomal dominant mutants S189C and P480S displayed reduced chloride conductances compared to WT. Autosomal recessive mutant M128I did not show a typical rapid deactivation of Cl- currents. While sporadic mutant G523D displayed sustained activation of $Cl^-$ currents in the whole cell traces, the other sporadic mutants, M373L and M609K, demonstrated rapid deactivations. $V_{1/2}$ of these mutants was shifted to more depolarizing potentials. In order to identify potential effects on gating processes, slow and fast gating was analyzed for each mutant. We show that slow gating of the mutants tends to be shifted toward more positive potentials in comparison to WT. Collectively, these six mutants found among Korean patients demonstrated modifications of channel gating behaviors and reduced chloride conductances that likely contribute to the physiologic changes of MC.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2003

연구배경 : 90% 정도의 만성폐쇄성 폐질환(COPD) 환자들이 흡연력이 있으나 흡연자의 15~20%에서만 COPD가 발생하는 것은 유전자 감수성 등 다양한 다른 인자들의 영향이 있음을 암시한다. 담배 연기 속에 포함된 epoxide를 가수 분해하는 효소인 microsomal epoxide hydrolase(mEPHX)의 효소 활성은 두 개의 유전자 다형성 양상에 따라 서로 다르므로 이 다형성의 양상에 따라, 그리고 활성화된 유독 물질을 대사시키는 glutathione Stransferase의 M1 subunit 유전자 (GSTM1)의 homozygous deletion 여부에 따라 COPD의 발생 위험도 다를 것으로 예측된다. 대상 및 방법 : 전남 대학교 병원 호흡기 내과에 내원한 58예의 COPD군과 이와 연령이 비슷한 폐결핵 환자 59례 및 정상인들 20례로 구성된 대조군(79예)의 말초혈액 백혈구로부터 추출한 DNA를 이용하여 mEPHX 유전자의 다형성과 GSTM1 유전자의 결손 여부 그리고 임상 양상과의 관계를 관찰하였다. mEPHX 유전자의 exon 3과 exon 4를 각각 두 쌍의 primer를 이용하여 증폭하여 제한 효소 절단 양상으로 유전자 다형성 위치의 염기를 확인하였고 일부에서는 염기 서열을 직접 확인 하였다. 또한 GSTM1 유전자의 exon 4와 exon 5 부위를 PCR 증폭하여 homozygous deletion 여부를 혈액응고인자 V를 양성대조로 이용하여 확인하였다. 결 과 : COPD와 대조군 양군 간에 연령 ($63.7{\pm}10.9$ vs $60.4{\pm}8.1$세)은 차이를 보이지 않았고 흡연자는 COPD군(33/40, 82.5%)이 대조군(38/71, 53.5%)에 비하여 많았다(p<0.01). GSTM1은 73예가 결손되어 53.3%의 결손율을 보였는데 COPD군(32/58, 55.2%)과 대조군(41/79, 51.9%) 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다. mEPHX는 29예(21.2%)가 slow, 73예(53.3%)가 normal, 32예(23.4%)가 fast enzyme activity를 보이는 유전자형이었는데, slow enzyme activity를 보이는 유전자형의 빈도가 COPD군(7/57, 12.3%)에서 대조군(22/77, 28.6%)보다 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). COPD 발생의 비교 위험도는 mEPHX의 낮은 효소 활성을 보이는 유전자형이 0.32 (95% 신뢰구간 0.14-0.75, p<0.01)를 보였으나, 흡연자들만을 이용하여 비교하였을 때는 mEPHX의 유전자형에 따른 COPD의 빈도는 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 소수의 집단을 대상으로 한 본 연구에서 GSTM1 결손이나 mEPHX의 유전자형은 COPD 발생의 유의한 위험인자는 아니었다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1973

It has been reported previously that 2,2-methylene bis(3,4,6-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid) (MTPA) is effective treating for clonorchiasis and less toxic to the hosts. In this studies the absorption, distribution and excretion of MTPA were observed. For this purpose $^{14}C-MTPA$ was synthesised from bis(2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trichlorophenoxyl) methan $^{14}C$ and administerd to the normal rabbit in a single dose of 10mg/kg IV or 20 mg/kg P.O. or to the Clonorchis infected rabbit in dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 6 days. Radioactivity in blood, tissue, bile, urine, feces and tissue of the fluke was measured after the drug was given. The concentration of MTPA in these samples were calcurated from the radioactivity. The result obtained as followes. 1. The increase in concentration of MTPA in blood and urine after oral administration of MTPA was so slow that the absorption of MTPA from the gastrointestinal tract appears very slow. 2. It is presumed that the excretion of MTPA also is slow because the reduction of MTPA concentration in blood after IV injection was very slow. 3. Large amount of MTPA was excreted from the bile. 4. During repeat dose of 20mg/kg/day for 6 days the concentration of MTPA in blood and tissue gradually increased. 5. The highest concentration of MTPA in the kidney and liver, heart, lung, spleen and muscle in decreasing order and the lowest concentration in the brain was noted. 6. During daily dose of 20 mg/kg of MTPA for 6 days of administration the concentration of MTPA gradually increased in urine and feces and the concentration of MTPA in feces was higher than of in urine. It appeares that MTPA take place enterophepatic circulation. 7. It is assumed that accumulation in large amount of MTPA in the liver and tissue of clonorchis, excretion of large amount from the bile is a favorable property of MTPA as a chemotherapeutic agent for clonorchiasis.