• 지질공학
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 3차원 한계평형법을 이용하여 산사태 시점부가 붕괴되기 시작할 때의 전단강도정수를 역해석으로 도출하고, 파괴시의 활동면에 작용하는 응력상태를 분석하였으며, 지하수위의 변화에 따른 사면안정성 해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과에 의하면 토질의 전단강도시험 결과치가 역해석으로 도출된 임계 전단강도보다 낮은 범위에 분포함을 알 수 있었다. 산사태 시점부에 분포하는 응력의 크기는 계곡의 중심부로 갈수록 커지며 활동방향은 상부에서 하부로 향하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 건기시에는 사면이 안정한 상태에 있으나, 강우로 인해 지하수면이 지표하 0.85 m 심도보다 얕게 상승하면 사면은 급격히 불안정해지는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.288-293
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the key factors in designing a three-wheeled two-row soybean reaper (riding type) that is suitable for soybean production, and ensure worker safety by proposing optimal work conditions for the prototype of the designed machine in relation to the slope of the road. Methods: A three-wheeled two-row soybean reaper (riding type) was designed and its prototype was fabricated based on the local soybean-production approach. This approach was considered to be closely related to the prototype-designing of the cutter and the wheel driving system of the reaper. Load distribution on the wheels of the prototype, its minimum turning radius, static lateral overturning angle, tilt angle during driving, and The working and rear overturning (back flip) angle were measured. Based on the gathered information, investigations were conducted regarding optimal work conditions for the prototype. The investigations took into account driving stability and worker safety. Results: The minimum ground clearance of the prototype was 0.5 m. The blade height of the prototype was adjusted such that the cutter was operated in line with the height of the ridges. The load distribution on the prototype's wheels was found to be 1 (front wheel: F): 1.35 (rear-left wheel: RL): 1.43 (rear-right wheel: RR). With the ratio of load distribution between the RL and RR wheels being 1: 1.05, the left-to-right lateral loads were found to be well-balanced. The minimum turning radius of the prototype was 2.0 m. Such a small turning radius was considered to be beneficial for cutting work on small-scale fields. The sliding of the prototype started at $25^{\circ}$, and its lateral overturning started at $39.3^{\circ}$. Further, the critical slope angle for the worker to drive the prototype in the direction of the contour line on an incline was found to be $12.8^{\circ}$, and the safe angle of slope for the cutting was measured to be less than $6^{\circ}$. The critical angle of slope that allowed for work was found to be $10^{\circ}$, at which point the prototype would overturn backward when given impact forces of 1,060 N on its front wheel. Conclusions: It was determined that farmers using the prototype would be able to work safely in most soybean production areas, provided that they complied with safe working conditions during driving and cutting.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제60권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2018

This study analyzed pore water pressure, seepage and leakage quantity, height of seepage and critical hydraulic gradient in order to suggest the seepage characteristics of agricultural reservoir embankment considering filter interval. The seepage characteristics of a deteriorated reservoir embankments were conducted according to the horizontal filter intervals range using three- dimensional finite element analysis. The wider the horizontal filter interval, the higher the pore water pressure increased, and the pore water pressure ratio in the center of the core has a greater effect than the base part. The seepage and leakage quantity appeared largely in the two-dimensional analysis conditions (case 1), where the filter was constructed totally in the longitudinal direction of the embankment, the wider the horizontal filter interval was gradually reduced. The reasonable filter intervals to yield efficient seepage characteristics were within 30 m for the pore water pressure of the core and the height of the seepage line. The stability of the filter installation was able to evaluate the stability of the piping by the critical hydraulic gradient method. The deteriorated reservoir with no filters or decreased functionality can significantly reduce the possibility of piping by simply installing a filter on the downstream slope. In the future, the deteriorated reservoir embankment should be checked for the reservoir remodeling because the core and filter functions have been lost or decreased significantly. In the case of a new installation, the seepage characteristic behavior due to the core and filter changes should be applied to the field after obtaining a reasonable horizontal filter interval that satisfies the safety factor by a three-dimensional analysis.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2007

일련의 CID 삼축압축시험과 실내콘관입시험을 통하여 부산모래에서의 상태정수와 정규화된 콘저항치의 상관관계를 파악하였다. 삼축압축시험결과를 토대로 부산모래의 한계상태선을 도출하였으며 3개의 한계상태정수는 $M=1.39(\phi_{cs}=34^{\circ}),\;\Gamma=1.07$ 및 $\lambda=0.068$인 것으로 산출되었다. 부산모래의 상태정수와 정규화된 콘저항치의 상관관계는 $(q_c-p)/p'=27.6\exp(-10.9\Psi)$의 식으로 표현되었으며, 이는 응력이력에 관계없이 동일함을 확인하였다. 문헌조사를 통해 얻은 다른 모래시료의 정규화된 콘저항치 기울기 m 및 $\Psi=0$에서의 절편값 $\kappa$를 비교 분석한 결과, 부산모래는 유사한 $\lambda_{ss}$ 값을 갖는 모래시료 중 가장 큰 $\kappa$값을 보였으나, m과 $\kappa$가 $\lambda_{ss}$와 갖는 관계는 기존에 발표된 자료와 일치함을 확인하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 2023

Soft clay is widely spread in nature and encountered in geotechnical engineering applications. The creep property of soft clay greatly affects the long-term performance of its upper structures. Therefore, it is vital to establish a reasonable and practical creep constitutive model. In the study, two updated hyperbolic equations based on the volumetric creep and deviatoric creep are respectively proposed. Subsequently, three creep constitutive models based on different creep behavior, i.e., V-model (use volumetric creep equation), D-model (use deviatoric creep equation) and VD-model (use both volumetric and deviatoric creep equations) are developed and compared. From the aspect of prediction accuracy, both V-model and D-model show good agreements with experimental results, while the predictions of the VD-model are smaller than the experimental results. In terms of the parametric sensitivity, D-model and VD-model are lower sensitive to parameter M (the slope of the critical state line) than V-model. Therefore, the D-model which is developed by incorporating the updated deviatoric creep equation is suggested in engineering applications.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.515-527
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 국내 모래의 공학적 특성을 파악하기 위하여 표준사, 욕지사, 낙동강사를 이용하여 구속압 조건, $K_0$ 조건, 과압밀 조건, 상대밀도 조건을 다르게하여 삼축압축시험을 실시하였다. 삼축압축시험 결과, 변형률 ${\epsilon}_1$에 따른 축차응력 $\acute{q}$의 변화는 구속압 ${\sigma}_3$와 상대밀도 $D_r$이 클수록 크게 변화하였으나, $K_0$ 조건과 과압밀 조건변화와 크게 상관이 없었다. 모래의 최대 내부마찰각(${\phi}_{max}$)은 구속압이 클수록 입자간의 접촉력이 크게 되어 작아지는 경향을 나타내었고, $K_0$ 조건과 과압밀 조건에 따라서는 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 상대밀도에 따라서는 상대밀도가 감소함에 따라 내부마찰각도 작아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 체적변형률(${\epsilon}_u$)은 구속압이 클수록 입자의 파쇄성과 입자간의 재배열에 의해 체적 팽창이 작게 나타났으며, $K_0$ 조건과 과압밀 조건에서는 조건에 상관없이 거의 같은 거동을 보였고, 상대밀도에 따라서는 상대밀도가 커질수록 초기에는 압축되다가 축변형률(${\epsilon}_1$)이 증가할수록 팽창하는 경향이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 변형률 변화에 따른 탄성계수 $E_{sec}$는 변형률이 커질수록 차츰 수렴하는 경향을 나타내었고, 축차응력($\acute{q}$)-변형률(${\epsilon}_1$) 관계에서 초기할선 탄성계수($E_{ini}$)>할선 탄성계수($E_{sec}$)>접선 탄성계수($E_{tan}$) 순으로 탄성계수의 크기가 산정되었으며, 구속압 및 상대밀도가 증가함에 따라 탄성계수가 증가하는 경향을 보였고, $K_0$ 및 과압밀에 따라서는 거의 비슷한 탄성계수를 나타내었다. 접선 탄성계수에 의한 정규화에 대해서는 다양한 증가비로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 한계상태선의 기울기 M은 구속압이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, $K_0$ 및 구속압, 상대밀도에 따라서는 동일선상에 표현되며, 상대밀도가 증가할수록 한계상태선의 기울기 M도 증가하는 경향을 보였다.