• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.239-248
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate effects of a mother-fetus interaction promotion program on maternal and infant sleep/activity regulation, and examine the correlation between maternal and infant sleep/activity. Methods: Thirty-four mother-infant dyads were recruited from an OB-GY clinic with postpartum care center, and assigned to the intervention group (17) or control group (17). Data were collected from January 18 to August 5 2005. A programmed education focused on mother-fetus interaction was provided to the intervention group in the 3rd trimester. Maternal sleep/activity record was completed at 32-36 weeks gestation and infant sleep/activity record was completed for one month after birth. Results: During the 3rd trimester, there were no significant differences in maternal sleep/activity between the groups, except for frequency of mothers' night awakening and urination at night. There were no significant differences in infant sleep, but significant difference was found in feeding times between the groups. Correlation of maternal sleep in the 3rd trimester and infant waking times was significant. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that maternal sleep/activity during pregnancy influences infant sleep/activity at 3-4 weeks, and that nursing interventions to regulate maternal sleep/activity provided to primiparas can be beneficial to the regularity of infant sleep/activity patterns.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 2016

People try to maintain optimal sleep activity to a changing attitude 20-30 times while sleeping 7-8 hours a day. In order to provide optimal sleep, we need to develop sensing device for apply effective various sleep data acquired through display device that can provide program and information which process and analyze information printed out from sensor and sensing system. In this paper, we analyze sleep pattern to detect the toss and turn while a person's sleeping and we develop a wellness pillow that can be active on sleep health management based on the analyzed data for sleep patterns.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 1999

Diazepam, a benzodiazepine (BDZ) agonist, produces sedation and flumazenil, a BDZ antagonist, blocks these actions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of BDZs on cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) in rats. The recording electrodes were implanted over the frontal and parietal cortices bilaterally, and the reference and ground electrodes over cerebellum under ketamine anesthesia. To assess the effects of diazepam and flumazenil, rats were injected with diazepam (1 mgHg, i.p.) and/or flumazenil ( 1 mg/kg, i.p.), and the EEG was recorded before and after drugs. Normal awake had theta peak in the spectrum and low amplitude waves, while normal sleep showed large amplitude of slow waves. The powers of delta, theta and alpha bands were increased during sleep compared with during awake. Diazepam reduced the mobility of the rat and induced sleep with intermittent fast spindles and large amplitude of slow activity, and it produced broad peak over betaL band and increased the power of gamma band, which were different from EEG patterns in normal sleep. Saline injection awakened rats and abolished fast spindles for a short period about 2-5 min from EEG pattern during diazepam-induced sleep. Flumazenil blocked both diazepam-induced sleep and decreased the slow activities of delta, theta, alpha and betaL, but not of gamma activity for about 10 min or more. This study may indicate that decrease in power of betaL and betaH bands can be used as the measure of central action of benzodiazepines, and that the EEG parameters of benzodiazepines have to be measured without control over the behavioral state by experimenter.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2024

Purpose: This study examined the combined effects of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, screen-based sedentary behaviors, and sleep duration on adolescent obesity. Methods: It followed a cross-sectional study design and conducted secondary analysis on data from 20,497 high school students who participated in the 17th (2021) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. This study underwent logistic regression analysis in complex sampling analysis. Results: The combinations of low and medium consumption of SSBs, excessive screen-based sedentary behaviors, and short sleep durations were associated with a 1.18 and 1.12 fold increased likelihood of obesity (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.03-1.35) and (95% CI=1.02-1.22), respectively. The combination of high SSB consumption, appropriate screen-based sedentary behaviors, and short sleep duration (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.15, 95% CI=1.01-1.31) and high SSB consumption, excessive screen-based sedentary behaviors, and short sleep duration (aOR=1.40, 95% CI=1.16-1.69) were associated with obesity. Conclusion: Integrated and tailored programs considering combination patterns of SSB consumption, screen-based sedentary behaviors, and short sleep duration need to be developed for preventing adolescent obesity.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2009

Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between job stress, depression, health-related behavior and type A behavior patterns among male workers at a steel factory. Methods: The study was done on 171 male workers, using the structured questionnaire. The data were collected in April, 2009 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that 65.5% of workers were under moderate stress, 25.7% high stress and 0.6% extremely high stress. The overall score of these workers' occupational stress was 41.9, lower than the Korean workers' average. Occupational stress was correlated with depression, type A behavior patterns, a very poor physical condition without sufficient sleep. Conclusion: Stress management program is strongly needed for these subjects working over 45 hours a week, with a very poor subjective physical condition, insufficient sleep, type A behavior patterns and signs of severe depression. Further longitudinal study is recommended to show the effect of such worker's stress management program to mitigate job-related stress.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.211-217
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• 2013

Purpose: Sleep onset association disorder (SOAD) is a form of behavioral insomnia observed in children that is caused by inappropriate sleep training. SOAD typically disturbs the sleep of not only infants and children but also their parents. We investigated levels of depression and marital intimacy among parents of infants with typical SOAD, to understand the influence of SOAD on family dynamics, as well as examine ways for improving depression and marital intimacy through behavioral training. Methods: Depression and marital intimacy were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Waring Intimacy Questionnaire (WIQ). These measures were administered to 65 parents of infants (n=50) diagnosed with SOAD. We conducted sleep education and behavioral training for the parents and compared levels of depression and marital intimacy after 2-6 weeks of training. Results: The 65 parents consisted of 50 mothers and 15 fathers. Depressive symptoms were higher among mothers than fathers (P=0.007). Marital intimacy was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. Twenty-six parents were assessed again after sleep training. We found that mothers' depressive symptoms and marital intimacy improved post training. Conclusion: SOAD can be detrimental to both infants and parents, especially for parents who sleep with their infants. For instance, disruption of sleep patterns in such parents can reduce marital intimacy. However, behavioral modification is an effective treatment for infants with frequent nighttime waking, as well as for diminishing the depressive symptoms of sleep-deprived parents.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.15-27
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep quality and its influencing factors in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods : This descriptive correlational study included 130 patients with CAD admitted to the cardiology department of a general hospital in B City between September 2019 and February 2020. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and research instruments to measure sleep quality, anxiety, depression, chronotype, and daytime sleepiness. Results : The mean scores for sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, anxiety, and depression were 7.59±3.45, 6.45±3.46, 6.58±3.88, and 7.74±4.05, respectively. In terms of chronotypes, 10.8%, 48.5%, and 40.7% of the participants had evening-, intermediate-, and morning-type patterns, respectively. Sleep quality was significantly correlated with anxiety (r=0.38, p<.001), depression (r=.37, p<.001), and daytime sleepiness (r=.26, p =.002). Factors associated with sleep quality in patients with CAD included anxiety (β=.29), heart failure (β=.22), daytime sleepiness(β=.21), and sleeping alone (β=.19). Collectively, these factors had an explanatory power of 23.1% for sleep quality variance. Conclusion: Patients with CAD often experience poor sleep quality owing to various factors such as anxiety, daytime sleepiness, heart failure, and sleeping alone. It is recommended that healthcare providers objectively evaluate sleep and identify factors that influence sleep quality. This will enable the development of effective methods for sleep management as part of nursing care.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2001

Object: Diurnal variation is included in the diagnostic criteria of the major depressive disorder, melancholic specifier. But there has been controversy over whether diurnal variation is an unique depressive symptoms or a symptom related to a change of sleep patterns, or that of another mechanism, when the previous studies are reviewed. We investigated the existence of diurnal variation according to the subtype of depression and whether diurnal variation is charateristic of melancholic depression or not. We also compared sleep variables according to the existence of diurnal variation. Method: We examined diurnal variation, sleep patterns, severity of depression using the Visual Analogue Mood Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Patients recorded their mood state on the Visual Analogue Mood Scale twice a day, morning and evening, for diurnal variation. We divided depressive patients into two groups,-diurnal variation group and nondiurnal variation group,-and compared the mood and sleep variables using SPSS. Results: The frequency of diurnal variation is not significantly different among the subtypes of depression. Significant differences between the diurnal variation group and the nondiurnal variation group existed in middle insomnia and sleep time (p<0.05). In melancholic type, al significant difference between the diurnal variation group and the nondiurnal variation group was noticed in PSQI total, sleep latency, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction as well as middle insomnia and sleep time (p<0.05). Conclusions: Diurnal variation existed in other types of depression as well as melancholic type. The results showed that diurnal variation was not a specific symptom of melancholic type, and existence of diurnal variation might be related to sleep patterns.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.231-236
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• 2012

We studied the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil and galantamine, and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker, memantine, on sleep-wake architecture in rats. Screw electrodes were chronically implanted into the frontal and parietal cortex for the electroencephalography (EEG). EEG was recorded with a bio-potential amplifier for 8 h from 09:30 to 17:30. Vibration was recorded to monitor animal activity with a vibration measuring device. Sleep-wake states such as wake (W), slow-wave sleep (S) and paradoxical or rapid eye movement sleep (P), were scored every 10 sec by an experimenter. We measured mean episode duration and number of episode to determine which factor sleep disturbance was attributed to. Donepezil and memantine showed a significant increase in total W duration and decreases in total S and P duration and delta activity. Memantine showed increases in sleep latency and motor activity. Changes of S and P duration in memantine were attributed from changes of mean episode duration. Galantamine had little effect on sleep architecture. From these results, it is showed that galantamine may be an anti-dementia drug that does not cause sleep disturbances and memantine may be a drug that causes severe sleep disturbance.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 2006