• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate sleep quality in older adults in nursing home with objective data collection. Methods: Participants included 74 older adults in nursing homes in Korea aged 65 years or above. Data were collected using a wearable device (Fitbit), salivary melatonin level and Sleep Disorder Inventory (SDI). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to examine whether there was any correlation between sleep-related variables such as Total Sleep Time (TST), Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, shallow sleep, deep sleep, salivary melatonin level and SDI. Results: There were distortion of sleep structure, as TST comprised short REM sleep (15.93±5.47%), long shallow sleep (74.18±8.08%) and short deep sleep (9.89±5.03%). Also, salivary melatonin levels were low (15.06±7.77 pg/mL). Moreover, we found than melatonin was significantly associated with TST (r = .251, p= .044), REM sleep (r= .294, p= .020) and deep sleep (r= .391, p= .002). But there was no correlation between SDI and other sleeprelated variables. Conclusion: These findings highlight that insufficient sleep structure is associated with the salivary melatonin level among older adults in nursing home. We suggest developing programs to promote sleep quality of older adults in nursing homes.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1109-1121
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• 2022

As the demand for quality sleep increases in modern society, the importance of sleep technology has increased. Recently, development of sleep environment improvement products and research on the user's sleep improvement have been activated. Representatively, user sleep pattern analysis research is being conducted through the existing polysomnography, but it is difficult to use it in the sleep environment of daily life. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a system design that can provide a customized deep sleep service to users by detecting sleep disturbance factors in a motion bed environment. In order to improve the user's sleep satisfaction, a logistic regression-based sleep pattern analysis model is proposed and accuracy and significance are verified through experiments. And to improve user's sleep satisfaction, we propose a logistic regression-based sleep pattern analysis model and verify accuracy and significance through experiments. The proposed system is expected to improve the user's sleep quality and effectively prevent and manage sleep disorders.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2005

Purpose: To provide the basic data in developing the nursing intervention for patients who have symptoms of insomnia after undergoing hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This was achieved through investigating sleep quality and sleep patterns according to admission time, and discharge time. Methods: Data was put together by studying 52 HSCT patients who have been admitted to the department of HSCT from August 2002 to August 2003, in a university hospital. Research instruments used were, PSQI for sleep quality and a specified questionnaire for sleep patterns. Results: The PSQI regarding the past mono which was measured at the last day of hospitalization, was 11.8. This was significantly higher than 5.3, which was a measurement for the past month before the hospitalization (t=11.41, P=0.000). Looking at it with 7 categories-quality of sleep, consistency of sleep, sleep period, effectiveness of sleep, sleeping disorder, usage of sleeping pills, impediment of daily life- the PSQI for a month after admission increased significantly compared to the rate measured for a month before admission. Comparing the subjects sleep pattern before and after admission, it showed a significant difference regarding time attending sleep, time it takes to sleep, wake-up time, total time of sleep, day time sleep, number of times waking up during sleep, number of usage of sleeping pills, actions that are taken during sleep disorder, reasons for insomnia. Conclusion: The PSQI score of patients who undergo hemopoietic stem cell transplantation have increased significantly after hospitalization. Compared to the change of sleep patterns when hospitalized, significant changes were observed. Therefore nursing interventions addressing sleep are needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2011

Purpose: Korean adolescents have severe nighttime sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness because of their competitive educational environment. However, daytime sleep patterns and sleepiness have never been studied using age-specific methods, such as the pediatric daytime sleepiness scale (PDSS). We surveyed the daytime sleepiness of Korean adolescents using a Korean translation of the PDSS. Methods: We distributed the 27-item questionnaire, including the PDSS and questions related to sleep pattern, sleep satisfaction, and emotional state, to 3,370 students in grades 5-12. Results: The amount of nighttime sleep decreased significantly with increasing age. During weekday nights, $5-6^{th}$ graders slept for $7.95{\pm}1.05h$, $7-9^{th}$ graders for $7.57{\pm}1.05h$, and $10-12^{th}$ graders for $5.78{\pm}1.13h$. However, the total amounts of combined daytime and nighttime sleep during weekdays were somewhat greater, $8.15{\pm}1.12h$ for $5-6^{th}$ graders, $8.17{\pm}1.20h$ for $7-9^{th}$ graders, and $6.87{\pm}1.40h$ for $10-12^{th}$ graders. PDSS scores increased with age, $11.89{\pm}5.56$ for $5-6^{th}$ graders, $16.57{\pm}5.57$ for $7-9^{th}$ graders, and $17.71{\pm}5.24$ for $10-12^{th}$ graders. Higher PDSS scores were positively correlated with poor school performance and emotional instability. Conclusion: Korean teenagers sleep to an unusual extent during the day because of nighttime sleep deprivation. This negatively affects school performance and emotional stability. A Korean translation of the PDSS was effective in evaluating the severity of daytime sleepiness and assessing the emotional state and school performance of Korean teenagers.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.276-289
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• 2022

Objectives: Child and adolescent sleep is an important factor for brain and physical development. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders in children and adolescents and determine the type of utilization of medical institutions. This study analyzed the prevalence and type of medical institutions in Korean children and adolescents with sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders. Methods: This study used data recorded in the Health Insurance Review and Assessment-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) database from 2010 to 2017. Details of medical institution type and patient's sex, age, and treatment type were extracted for patients younger than 20 years with sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders. Results: Among 2,536,478 patients under age 20, we identified 3,772 patients with sleep disorders or nonorganic sleep disorders. From 2010 to 2017, the prevalence of sleep disorders in children and adolescents was 0.07% to 0.09%. The utilization rate of Korean medical institutions was 30.47%. The prevalence of nonorganic sleep disorders and the utilization rate of Korean medical institutions were 0.06% to 0.08% and 45.99%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders in the under-20 population was 0.14% to 0.16%. More than 70% of patients with nonorganic sleep disorder who were younger than 9 years used Korean medical institutions.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2017

Adequate amount and quality of sleep are important for metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Too short or too long sleep time disrupts glycemic control in both prediabetes and type 2 diabetic patients. Circadian misalignment such as shift work is also associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Clinicians should pay attention to the sleep problems and circadian patterns of patients. However, the pathophysiologic mechanism of the association between sleep and diabetes is likely to be complex and bidirectional. The underlying mechanism remains poorly understood, and further research is warranted.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in social communication/interaction and restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior. ASD is a relatively common psychiatric disorder, with a prevalence of approximately 1.7% in children. Although many children and adolescents with ASD visit the hospital for medical help for emotional and behavioral problems such as mood instability and self-harming behavior, there are also many visits for sleep disturbances such as insomnia and sleep resistance. Sleep disturbances are likely to increase fatigue and daytime sleepiness, impaired concentration, negatively impact on daytime functioning, and pose challenges in controlling anger and aggressive behavior. Sleep disturbance in children and adolescents with ASD negatively affects the quality of life, nothing to say the quality of life of their families and school members. In this review, sleep disturbances that are common in children and adolescents with ASD and adolescents are presented. The developmental and behavioral impacts of sleep disturbances in ASD were also considered. Finally, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments for sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with ASD and adolescents are reviewed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.403-412
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• 2014

Purpose: Shift work disrupts the synchronization between the human biological clock and the environment. Sleep disturbances are common for shift work nurses, and may threaten patient safety. This study was done to investigate the sleep characteristics and medication errors (ME) of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses who work shifts, and ascertain if there is an association between these factors. Methods: Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from 126 ICU nurses on three shifts. Collected data included their sleep characteristics including sleep patterns and sleep disturbances, and ME for the past 2 weeks. Results: There were significant differences in sleep duration and sleep latency according to shift. Day shift nurses had the shortest sleep duration, and their sleep latency was the longest (about 49 minutes) compared to nurses on evening and night shifts; 54% reported sleep disturbances, 16% experienced ME, and among these nurses 50% were on the night shift. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between nurses' sleep duration and ME (adjusted OR 0.52 [95% CI 0.32-0.85]). Conclusions: The results confirmed that shift work nurses in the ICUs experience sleep disturbance, and that less sleep is associated with ME.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1998

Objectives : The change of sleep patterns commonly occurs in association with the pregnancy. This study was to investigate sleep habits during the course of normal pregnancy. Methods : Sleep habits questionnaire was administered to healthy women in their first trimester(TR1) of pregnancy and then the same questionnaire was repeatedly administered during their second(TR2) and third(TR3) trimesters. The following aspects were assessed : patterns of night sleep, daytime status, sleep posture, reasons for sleep alteration, and the experience of any particular parasomnias, as well as sleep problem-related treatment or medication. Data analysis was based on 26 women who maintaind good health throughout their pregnancy and completed the questionnaire three times. Results : In comparisons between each trimester and non-pregnant state, total night sleep time, daytime tiredness, and sleepiness were significantly increased in all trimesters. Sleep latency was significantly decreased in TR1 and TR2, but not in TR3. In addition, refreshed feeling on waking the following day was significantly decreased and the number of awakenings during night sleep was significantly increased in TR3, but not in TR1 and TR2. In comparisons between trimesters, there was a significant increase in sleep latency, daytime sleepiness and the number of awakenings during night sleep and a significant decrease in refreshed feeling on waking the following day in TR3 compared to TR1 and TR2. Over the course of pregnancy, the rate of lateral position during sleep was gradually increased and all the pregnant women took the lateral sleeping posture in TR3. The major reasons for sleep pattern alteration were nausea, vomiting and heartburn in TR1, urinary frequency, fetal movement and ache in hips in TR2, and urinary frequency, fetal movement, cramp in legs and backache in TR3. Conclusion : These findings are expected to be useful for educating pregnant women about sleep hygiene. In future studies, the underlying factors and mechanisms regarding sleep patterns during pregnancy will need to be clarified.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 1997

Objectives : Periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) may cause arousals that may lead to non-restorative sleep. PLMS is characterized by long sleep latency, sleep fragmentation, frequent stage shifts, and rarity of stages 3/4 NREM sleep on polysomnography. However, controversies have existed and it still remains to be elaborated whether PLMS actually causes insomnia, since normal persons happen to have PLMS. Clinically, it would be crucial to know factors which might disturb sleep in PLMS. We became interested in Coleman's theory(1980) that invariant periodic movements disturb patients' sleep less. Though, Coleman's study seems to have been confounded by including PLMS patients with various co-morbid sleep disorders. Therefore, we attempted to study in patients only with PLMS the effects of movement patterns on sleep architecture. Methods : In 27 patients diagnosed as having PLMS only with clinical interview and nocturnal polysomnography, we studied the relationship between the movement patterns such as mean duration and variability of periodic limb movement's interval and the sleep architecture variables. Results : The shorter and the more regular the limb movement intervals were, the fewer arousals followed. The movement intervals of the older patients were shorter and more regular than the younger patients. The probability of the accompanying arousal with each limb movement increased as the duration and variance of the movement intervals increased. It decreased as the age and the frequency of limb movements increased. Among these factors the most significant one was the mean duration of the movement intervals. In other words, the shorter the movement intervals were, the less disturbed sleep was. Conclusion : PLMS frequency increases with aging but the probability of the accompanying arousal with each movement decreases with aging. Sleep-disturbing effects of PLMS depends more on the duration and variability of movement intervals than the PLMS frequency.