• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.493-496
• /
• 2005

For home healthcare, the unconstrained measurement of physiological signal is highly required to avoid the inconvenience of users. The recording and analysis of the fundamental parameters during sleep like respiration and heart beat provide valuable information on his/her healthcare. Using the air mattress sensor system, the respiration and heart beat movements can be measured without any harness or sensor on the subject's body. The differential measurement technique between two air cells is adopted to enhance the sensitivity. The balancing tube between two air cells is used to increase the robustness against postural changes during the measurement period. The meaningful frequency range could be selected by the pneumatic filter with balancing tube. ECG (Electrocardiography) and respiration sensor (plethysmography) were measured for comparison with the signal from air mattress. To extract the heart beat information from air pressure sensor, digital signal processing technique was used. The accuracy for breathing interval and heart beat monitoring was acceptable. It shows the potentials of air mattress sensor system to be the unconstrained home sleep monitoring system.

• 수면정신생리
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.18-31
• /
• 1996

Jet-lag can be defined as the cumulative physiological and psychological effects of rapid air travel across multiple time zones. Many reports have suggested that age-related changes in sleep reflect fundamental changes in the circadian system and in significant declines in slow wave sleep. Jet lag is a dramatic situation in which the changes of the phase of circadian process and homeostatic process of sleep occur. Thus the authors evaluatead the changes of sleep-wake cycle from jet lag by age. Thirty-eight healthy travellers were studied for 3 days before and 7 days after jet-flights across seven to ten time zone. They were aged 19-70, They trareled eastbound, Seoul to North America (USA, Canada). Sleep onset time, wake-up time, sleep latency, awakening frequency on night sleep, awakening duration on night sleep, sleepiness at wake-up and nap length were evaluated. Our results suggest that by the 7 to 10 time zone shift, the old age group was significantly influenced in sleep-wake cycles. The date on which subjective physical condition was recovered was $6.23{\pm}83$ day after arrivals for old age group, while for young and middle age group, $4.46{\pm}1.50$ day and $4.83{\pm}1.52$ day, respectively. In old age group, sleep onset time was later than baselines and could not recover untill 7th day. But in other groups, the recovery was within 5th day. Nap dura fion was longer in old age group through jet lag than younger age group. In other parameters, there was no definite difference among three age groups. Our results suggested that the old age was significantly influenced by the disharmony between internal body clock and sleep-wake cycle needed at the travel site. Thus we proved that recovery ability from jet lag was age-dependent as well as travelling direction-dependent. To demonstrate more definite evidence, EEG monitoring and staging of sleep were funthun encouraged.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2022

After COVID-19, the number of people with sleep disorders around the world is increasing. In particular, in the flow of the 4th industrial revolution, the differentiation of types and characteristics of the sleep industry is accelerating. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of each type of sleep-related industry were reclassified from an industrial point of view, and based on this, an attempt was made to review the classification system that can help companies develop sleep products and improve related national systems. Based on the 10th standard industry classification, we compared input cost, value, and usability and analyzed common characteristics, treatments, and preventive effects based on this. A comprehensive taxonomy using matrix analysis was reviewed. As a result, in terms of cost (A), the most common sleeping products are general mattresses and general bedding. It is an IOT device (auxiliary device), and the value aspect (B, B/D) included sleep cafe, bedding rental and management service, and sleep consulting. In terms of utility (A/B), a total of 6 product groups including sleep aids (health functional foods) belong to this category, and in terms of treatment (A/C), a total of 3 product groups including sleep clinics (medical services) belong to this category. As for the product group (A/D) with both properties, it was found that non-insurance sleep treatment medical devices, sleep-related over-the-counter drugs, and some sleep monitoring applications belong to this category. Ultimately, it was found that the sleep industry classification enables the most active product development and composition according to the relative relationship between cost and utility, and treatment and utility. appeared to be necessary.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the quality of sleep in snoring obese children without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); and to study the possible relationship between sleep interruption and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in snoring obese children. Methods: Study subjects included 13 snoring obese children who were referred to our sleep lab for possible sleep-disordered breathing. Patients underwent multichannel intraluminal impedance and esophageal pH monitoring with simultaneous polysomnography. Exclusion criteria included history of fundoplication, cystic fibrosis, and infants under the age of 2 years. Significant association between arousals and awakenings with previous reflux were defined by symptom-association probability using 2-minute intervals. Results: Sleep efficiency ranged from 67-97% (median 81%). A total of 111 reflux episodes (90% acidic) were detected during sleep, but there were more episodes per hour during awake periods after sleep onset than during sleep (median 2.3 vs. 0.6, p=0.04). There were 279 total awakenings during the sleep study; 56 (20.1%) of them in 9 patients (69.2%) were preceded by reflux episodes (55 acid, 1 non-acid). In 5 patients (38.5%), awakenings were significantly associated with reflux. Conclusion: The data suggest that acid GER causes sleep interruptions in obese children who have symptoms of snoring or restless sleep and without evidence of OSA.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.1273-1279
• /
• 2019

수면 질환에 사용되는 수면다원검사는 그 비용 및 시간적 제약으로 새로운 대안을 찾을 필요가 절실하다. 최근 웨어러블 헬스기기가 대중화 되면서 기존의 액티그래피를 이용한 수면분석을 대신하려는 다양한 연구가 되고 있으나 이들 기기의 데이터 및 알고리즘은 접근성 및 성능에 있어 매우 제한적인 상황이다 본 논문에서는 자체 제작된 가속도계 센서모듈을 이용한 수면 중 움직임 정보를 이용하여 AASM표준 방식 기준으로 분류된 수면 단계를 예측하고, 센서의 움직임 정보와 뇌파의 δ파와 θ파의 파워스펙트럼 비교를 통해 수면의 주기를 추정할 수 있는 방법을 제시했다. 31명의 공개된 PSG 분석결과를 이용한 수면 단계 예측 결과 85.26%의 정확도를 보였다. 움직임 신호의 특성과 δ파와 θ파의 파워 변화를 비교한 결과 REM수면과 NREM수면의 반복 주기를 제시한 알고리즘으로 찾을 수 있는 가능성이 있음을 보였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.382-390
• /
• 2018

A major accident occurring on the bed is falls that occur during at times when the care of nurses or protectors is inadequate, which is fatal to patients or the elderly. In particular, Enuresis or sleepiness caused by sleep apnea increases the risk of falls. Therefore, it is very important to detect falls and sleep apnea of patients without infringing privacy in the bed to patient's safety and accident prevention. In this paper, we reviewed the technologies developed for bed monitoring and implemented a non-intrusive monitoring system. The Occupancy Sensor allows the temperature of the bed and surrounding area to be extracted to enable track of the patient's motion. The Doppler Radar detects the patient's movements at normal times and the respiration state when patients have no movement during sleeping. It is specially designed for real-time monitoring of falling and respiration during sleeping through contactless multi-sensing while solving patient's privacy problems.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 2014

As body postures on bed affects various sleep related diseases, it is considered as important information when monitoring sleeping in daily life. Though there have already been a few approaches to monitor body postures on bed conventionally, the development for simple and unconstrained methods is still needed to realize the long-term daily monitoring. Focusing on the fact that ballistocardiogram changes depending on the body postures on bed, we developed a novel method to estimate body posturesusing extremely simple, film-type ballistocardiogram sensor which is based on polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) film. With 10 subjects, we performed two experiments. One was for an estimation test to show that body postures on bed can be estimated by ballistocardiogram, and the other was for a reproducibility test to present the feasibility of ballistocardiogram based body postures monitoring. To estimate body postures on bed, we made an individual template set of body postures by designating one ballistocardiogram (BCG) sample as a template in each postures. Then, we calculated Pearson's correlation coefficients between a sample and each templates and estimated the body posture of the sample by choosing a posture which corresponds to the most significant correlation coefficients. As a result, we estimated body postures on bed with 99.2% accuracy in average and found that the estimation using ballistocardiogram is reproducible.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.211-218
• /
• 2014

The objective of this research is to develop an automatic algorithm based on electrocardiogram (ECG) to estimate slow-wave sleep (SWS). An algorithm is based on 7 indices extracted from heart rate on ECG which simultaneously recorded with standard full night polysomnography from 31 subjects. Those 7 indices were then applied to independent component analysis to extract a feature that discriminates SWS and other sleep stages. Overall Cohen's kappa, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm to detect 30s epochs of SWS were 0.52, 0.87, 0.70 and 0.90, respectively. The automatic SWS detection algorithm could be useful combining with existing REM and wake estimation technique on unattended home-based sleep monitoring.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.214-217
• /
• 2017

본 논문에서는 원거리에서의 IR-UWB 레이더 센서기반 수면 효율 측정 알고리즘을 제안한다. IR-UWB 레이더로 수면 중 측정 가능한 호흡수, 심박수, 움직임 등의 생체 지표 중 움직임과 수면 효율과의 관련성을 분석하고, 움직임을 기반으로 한 수면 효율 측정 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이에 대한 타당성 및 성능검증을 위해 실제 병원에서의 수면다원검사 환자 3명에 대하여 본 알고리즘을 적용한 결과 평균 3.9% 이내의 절대오차를 갖는 검출성능을 얻었다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.71-75
• /
• 2019

Sleep apnea is a disease that causes various complications, and the polysomnography is expensive and difficult to measure. The purpose of this study is to develop an unrestricted wearable monitoring system so that patients can be examined in a familiar environment. We used a method to detect sleep apnea events and to determine sleep satisfaction by non-constrained method using SpO2 measurement sensor and 3-axis acceleration sensor. Heart rate and SpO2 were measured at the finger using max30100. After acquiring the SpO2 data of the user in real time, the apnea measurement algorithm was used to transmit the number of apnea events of the user to the mobile phone using Bluetooth (HC-06) on the wrist. Using the three-axis acceleration sensor (mpu6050) attached to the upper body, the number of times of tossing and turning during sleep was measured. Based on this data, this algorithm evaluates the patient's tossing and turning during sleep and transmits the data to the mobile phone via Bluetooth. The power source used 9 volts battery to operate Arduino UNO and sensors for portability and stability, and the data received from each sensor can be used to check the various degree between sleep apnea and sleep tossing and turning on the mobile phone. Through thisstudy, we have developed a wearable sleep apnea measurement system that can be easily used at home for the problem of low sleep efficiency of sleep apnea patients.