• 대한한의진단학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2015

Objectives The aim of this study is to develop a structured clinical protocol related with acquisition of radial pulse wave in the randomized, $2{\times}2$ cross-over design, and cold-heat intervention trial for a pilot and preliminary study. Methods The protocol was contrived based on wide ranging literature searches for cold-heat intervention experiments and radial pulse diagnoses. Results Sample size of 60 subjects was calculated based on an effect size derived from the previous study designed to detect the pre-post cold-heat differences in the radial pulse. Each subjects will be randomly assigned to the cold (first) to heat (last) group (n=30) or heat (first) to cold (last) group (n=30). All subjects will fill out a case report form and questionnaires related with pattern identification, dietary patterns, sleep quality, and physical activity will be surveyed and used as a secondary outcomes. Safety assessment will be reported at the final stage. Conclusions This protocol will provide an additional reference to future studies related with observation of radial pulse during any interventions and also expect to be used as a guideline for acquisition of reliable radial pulse wave data.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.440-446
• /
• 2021

GABA는 식물, 동물 및 미생물 등 자연계에 다양하게 존재하고 있으며, 항고혈압, 이뇨, 진정, 수면유도 및 항스트레스 등 다양한 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있어서 식품, 의약품 소재로 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 김치로 부터 분리한 GABA 형성 유산균을 옥수수 수염 추출물에 적용하여 발효 특성과 발효물의 항산화 효과에 대해 분석하였다. 신규 L. plantarum LAB459의 분리와 동정은 생화학적 특성, 당자화성 및 16s rRNA 염기 서열 분석을 통해 확인되었다. 그리고 TLC와 HPLC 분석을 통해 분리된 L. plantarum LAB459가 GABA 생성능이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 탈지유가 포함된 옥수수 수염 열수 추출물에 대해 발효를 수행한 결과, 동결 건조된 발효물에 약 1 ㎍/mg 수준의 GABA가 형성된 것을 확인하였다. 또한 발효물에 대한 플라보노이드와 항산화 분석은 옥수수 수염 열수 추출물에 비해 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 분리된 L. plantarum LAB459는 다양한 식품 발효의 스타터 또는 식품 소재와 의약품 소재로 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 근관절건강학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.50-62
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to identify and construct a substantive theory about the experience of fatigue among the female elderly with osteoarthritis. The interviewees were 6 female elderly with osteoarthritis. Of them 3 were admitted General hospital, the remaining 3 didn't admitted hospital. The data were collected through in-depth interviews by the investigators from May 20th, 1995 to June 19th, 1995. The collected data were coded into concepts and categories according to Strauss & Corbin's grounded method. The data thus collected were analyzed immediatly after interviews and fed into next round of interviews until the data collection reaches the saturation point where no additional concepts emerge. The 35 concepts were from analyzing the grounded data. The results of this study were as follows : 'change of the health condition','change of the life pattern', 'physiologic change', 'change of the coping pattern', 'performance of homework', 'activity daily living', 'tireness', 'ache', 'change of general apperance', 'sleep disturbance', 'powerlessness'. 'Physiologic unbalance', 'change of the family dynamics', 'physical imbalance', 'loss of the control', aviodance', 'conversion', 'leaving', 'indifference', 'hesitation', 'the pursue of information and trial', 'the western therapy', 'heat therapy', 'the oriental therapy','exercise', 'weight control', 'support', 'solution', 'being as before', 'adding more'. Six categories emerged from the analysis of ground data. They were as follows : 'stimuli', 'fatigue', 'passive coping', 'active coping', 'disolution', 'remains'. 13 hypothesis were derived from the integration of categories as follows : 1. The stronger the stimulus as perceived by the subjects, the more the fatigue will exrerience. 2. The more severe the fatigue, the more severe the tireness. 3. The more severe the fatigue, the more the hardness. 4. The more severe the fatigue, the more the variability of appear will experience. 5. The more severe the fatigue, the more the pain will experience. 6. The more severe the fatigue, the more the insomnia will experience. 7. The more severe the fatigue, the more the powerless will experience. 8 The more severe the fatigue, the more the psychological unbalance will experience. 9. The more severe the fatigue, the more variability of the family dynamics will experience. 10. The more severe the fatigue, the more the physical unbalance will experience. 11. The more severe the fatigue, the more loss of control will experience. 12. The subjects who experienced the fatigue will be to show passive coping and active coping mechanism.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.368-380
• /
• 1990

A central issue in the development of nursing practice is to describe the phenomenon with which nursing is concerned. To identify the health problems which can be diagnosed and managed by the nurse is the first step to organize and ensure the development of nursing science. Therefore the academic world has been discussing the application of the nursing diagnosis in nursing practice as a means of improving quality of care. The objectives of this study were to develop a standardized nursing care plan for ten selected nursing diagnoses to form a database for computerized nursing service. The research approach used in the study was (1) the selection of the ten nursing diagnoses which occur most frequently on medical-surgical wards, (2) the development of a standardized nursing care plan for the ten selected nursing diagnoses, (3) application of the plan to hospitalize patients and evaluation of the content validity by the nurses, and (4) evaluation of the clinical effects after the use of the standardized nursing care plans. The subjects were 56 nurses and 395 hospitalized patients on two medical and two surgical unit. The results of this study were as follows ; 1) The ten selected nursing diagnoses for the development of the standardized nursing care plans were “PAIN, SLEEP DISTURBANCE, ALTERED HEALTH MAINTENANCE, ALTERATION IN NUTRITION, ANXIETY, CONSTIPATION, ALTERED PATTERNS OF URINARY ELIMINATION, DISTURBANCE IN BODY IMAGE, POTENTIAL FOR ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE AND ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE”. 2. The developed standardized nursing care plans included the nursing diagnosis, definition, defining characteristics, etiologic or related factors that contribute to the condition, recording pattern, desired outcomes and nursing orders (nursing interventions). 3. The plan was used with hospitalized patients on medical - surgical wards to test for content validity. The patient's satisfaction with the nursing care and nurses' job satisfaction were investigated to evaluate the clinical effects after the use of the standardized nursing care plans. A comparison of patient satisfaction with nursing care before and after the introduction of the standardized nursing care plans showed a statistically significant higher level of satisfaction with the standardized care plans. There was no difference in the level of job satisfaction expressed by the nursing staff before and after the standardized nursing care plans were introduced. However, when opinions about the use of the standardized nursing care plans were examined it was found that there was a positive effect on clarity in defining the nursing problems, determining nursing cost, more feasible goal setting, effective and systematic nursing records and indications for nursing research. The results of this study suggest that in order to increase the use of nursing diagnoses in the clinical area, it would be effective to select some wards as a pilot project, give the nurses training in the use of nursing diagnosis and develop and use the standardized nursing care plans. In addition to the ten diagnosis used in this study it is recommended that continual development of nursing diagnoses be done using diagnoses that are appropriate to Korea and testing them for validity through standardized care plans.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the ventilation rate of residential homes in Korea through tracer gas methods using indoor and outdoor concentrations of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and $CO_2$ generation rates from breathing. Methods: In this study, we calculated the number of occupants in a home by time through data on the average number of people per household from the Korean National Statistical Office and also measured the amount of $CO_2$ generation by breathing to estimate the indoor $CO_2$ generation rate. To estimate the ventilation rate, several factors such as the $CO_2$ generation rate and average volume of residential house provided by the Korean National Statistical Office, indoor $CO_2$ concentrations measured by sensors, and outdoor $CO_2$ concentrations provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration, were applied to a mass balance model for residential indoor environments. Results: The average number of people were 2.53 per household and Koreans spend 61.0% of their day at home. The $CO_2$ generation rate from breathing was $13.9{\pm}5.3L/h$ during sleep and $15.1{\pm}5.7L/h$ in a sedentary state. Indoor and outdoor $CO_2$ concentrations were 849 ppm and 407 ppm, respectively. The ventilation rate in Korean residential houses calculated by the mass balance model were $42.1m^3/h$ and 0.71 air change per hour. Conclusions: The estimated ventilation rate tended to increase with an increase in the number of occupants. Since sensor devices were used to collect data, sustainable data could be collected to estimate the ventilation rate of Korean residential homes, which enables further studies such as on changes in the ventilation rate by season resulting from the activities of occupants. The results of this study could be used as a basis for exposure and risk assessment modeling.

• 수면정신생리
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.107-119
• /
• 1997

연구목적 : 범불안 장애환자에서 스트레스작업에 의한 정신 생리적 반응양상이 건강대조군과의 사이에 어떠한 차이가 있고, 정신생리적 반응과 불안평가척도들 사이에 어떠한 관계가 있는지를 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 연구방법 : 범불안장애환자 23명과 건강군 23명을 대상으로, 기저기전 해밀턴 불안평가척도, 상태-특성불안검사, 기저기직전 스트레스작업직후 검사종료시 주관적 스트레스정도, 기저기와 휴식기 및 두 가지 스트레스작업(암산과 이야기작업) 동안의 정신생리적 측정치들(피부온도, 근전도, 맥박, 피부전도반응)을 평가분석하였다. 연구결과 : 1) 근전도는 암산작업 직후 및 이야기작업 직후 휴식기간에, 맥박수준은 암산작업 기간을 제외한 나머지 전체기간에 불안장애군이 대조군보다 유의하게 더 높았다. 2) 피부온도의 경우 암산작업시 놀람반응, 근전도의 경우 암산작업시 놀람 및 회복반응 모두, 피부전도반응의 경우 암산작업 직후 회복 반응에서 불안장애군이 대조군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 더 적은 변화량을 보였다. 불안장애군내에서 스트레스작업시 피부전도반응만 놀람반응에 비해 회복반응이 통계적으로 유의하게 더 적었다. 3) 기저기전 상태불안점수가 높을수록 이야기작업 직후 휴식기간의 피부전도반응이 통계적으로 유의하게 더 높았다. 해밀턴 불안평가척도와 특성불안점수가 높을수록 암산과 이야기 작업기간중, 특성불안점수가 높을수록 이야기작업 직후 휴식기간중 피부전도반응수준은 통계적으로 유의하게 더 높았다. 4) 근전도에서 상태불안점수가 높을수록 이야기작업시 회복반응이 통계적으로 유의하게 더 적었다. 피부전도반응에서 해밀턴 불안척도점수가 높을수록 암산작업시 놀람반응이, 이야기작업시 놀람반응이, 상태불안수준이 높을수록 이야기작업시 놀람 반응이 통계적으로 유의하게 더 컸다.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.135-146
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develope, based on the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) system. a set of standardized nursing interventions which had been validated. and their associated activities. for use with nursing diagnoses related to home health care for women who have had a caesarian delivery and for their newborn babies. This descriptive study for instrument development had three phases: first. selection of nursing diagnoses. second, validation of the preliminary home health care interventions. and third, application of the home care interventions. In the first phases, diagnoses from 30 nursing records of clients of the home health care agency at P. medical center who were seen between April 21 and July 30. 1998. and from 5 textbooks were examined. Ten nursing diagnoses were selected through a comparison with the NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association) classification In the second phase. using the selected diagnoses. the nursing interventions were defined from the diagnoses-intervention linkage lists along with associated activities for each intervention list in NIC. To develope the preliminary interventions five-rounds of expertise tests were done. During the first four rounds. 5 experts in clinical nursing participated. and for the final content validity test of the preliminary interventions. 13 experts participated using the Fehring's Delphi technique. The expert group evaluated and defined the set of preliminary nursing interventions. In the third phases, clinical tests were held at in a home health care setting with two home health care nurses using the preliminary intervention list as a questionnaire. Thirty clients referred to the home health care agency at P. medical center between October 1998 and March 1999 were the subjects for this phase. Each of the activities were tested using dichotomous question method. The results of the study are as follows: 1. For the ten nursing diagnoses. 63 appropriate interventions were selected from 369 diagnoses interventions links in NlC., and from 1.465 associated nursing activities. From the 63 interventions. the nurses expert group developed 18 interventions and 258 activities as the preliminary intervention list through a five-round validity test 2. For the fifth content validity test using Fehring's model for determining lCV (Intervention Content Validity), a five point Likert scale was used with values converted to weights as follows: 1=0.0. 2=0.25. 3=0.50. 4=0.75. 5=1.0. Activities of less than O.50 were to be deleted. The range of ICV scores for the nursing diagnoses was 0.95-0.66. for the nursing interventions. 0.98-0.77 and for the nursing activities, 0.95-0.85. By Fehring's method. all of these were included in the preliminary intervention list. 3. Using a questionnaire format for the preliminary intervention list. clinical application tests were done. To define nursing diagnoses. home health care nurses applied each nursing diagnoses to every client. and it was found that 13 were most frequently used of 400 times diagnoses were used. Therefore. 13 nursing diagnoses were defined as validated nursing diagnoses. Ten were the same as from the nursing records and textbooks and three were new from the clinical application. The final list included 'Anxiety', 'Aspiration. risk for'. 'Infant behavior, potential for enhanced, organized'. 'Infant feeding pattern. ineffective'. 'Infection'. 'Knowledge deficit'. 'Nutrition, less than body requirements. altered', 'Pain'. 'Parenting'. 'Skin integrity. risk for. impared' and 'Risk for activity intolerance'. 'Self-esteem disturbance', 'Sleep pattern disturbance' 4. In all. there were 19 interventions. 18 preliminary nursing interventions and one more intervention added from the clinical setting. 'Body image enhancement'. For 265 associated nursing activities. clinical application tests were also done. The intervention rate of 19 interventions was from 81.6% to 100%, so all 19 interventions were in c1uded in the validated intervention set. From the 265 nursing activities. 261(98.5%) were accepted and four activities were deleted. those with an implimentation rate of less than 50%. 5. In conclusion. 13 diagnoses. 19 interventions and 261 activities were validated for the final validated nursing intervention set.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.495-505
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 산업체에 근무하는 직장인의 근무형태별 특성을 살펴보고 그에 따라 식습관에는 어떠한 상관관계가 있는지 알아보고자 광주광역시 광산구에 소재한 K 제조 공장에 재직 중인 근로자를 대상으로 식습관과 직무스트레스에 관한 설문조사를 실시하고, 이를 토대로 하여 근무형태에 따른 식습관 특성을 살펴보았다. 연구대상자의 나이는 40~49세 및 50세 이상이 가장 많았으며 근무기간은 근무형태와 상관없이 대부분 10년 이상의 경력에 하루 평균 8~10시간을 근무하였다. 단순분석에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 연령, 근무기간, 평균근무시간, 교육수준, 가족월 평균수입, 주관적 건강인식, 중등도 신체활동여부, 음주량, 흡연량, 수면시간, 이상지질혈증 처음진단시기를 보정하여 조사대상자들의 식습관, 카페인 섭취량, 직무스트레스 정도를 분석한 결과 평소의 식사량에 대해 비교대근무 근로자가 $1.4{\pm}0.9$, 교대근무 근로자가 $1.1{\pm}0.5$로 나타나 유의한 차이를 보였고 (p < 0.001), 균형 잡힌 식사 정도는 비교대근무 근로자가 $1.5{\pm}0.6$, 교대근무 근로자 $1.3{\pm}0.4$로 유의한 차이가 나타났다 (p = 0.005). '채소 섭취'는 비교대근무 근로자가 $1.9{\pm}0.7$, 교대 근무 근로자 $1.7{\pm}0.5$로 유의한 차이를 보였고 (p = 0.024), '해조류 섭취' 역시 비교대근무 근로자자 $1.7{\pm}0.6$, 교대근무 근로자 $1.5{\pm}0.4$로 교대근무자에 비하여 유의하게 높았다 (p = 0.049). 반면 '1일 3끼의 식사 중 거르는 일이 있습니까'는 비교대근무에서 $2.1{\pm}0.8$ 교대근무에서 $2.5{\pm}0.5$로 식습관 조사 항목 중 유일하게 교대근무 근로자에서 유의하게 높았다 (p = 0.001). 또한 근무형태별 식습관 점수 합계는 비교대근무 $16.1{\pm}0.6$, 교대근무 $14.0{\pm}0.3$으로 비교대근무 근로자가 유의하게 높았다 (p = 0.035). 직무요구도에서 받는 직무스트레스 정도는 비교대근무에서 $46.2{\pm}2.6$, 교대근무에서 $34.0{\pm}1.4$로 비교대근무에서 유의하게 높게 나타났으며 (p = 0.001), 직무 자율성 결여는 교대 근무 근로자가 $50.7{\pm}1.0$, 비교대근무 근로자가 $44.2{\pm}1.0$으로 교대근무 근로자가 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.001). 조직적 관리체계에 대한 직무 스트레스는 교대근무 $57.0{\pm}1.2$, 비교대근무 $50.9{\pm}2.0$로 교대근무 근로자에서 유의하게 높았다 (p = 0.036). 연구대상자들의 직무스트레스 정도에 따른 제요인 분석은 스트레스 정도의 총합으로부터 정도에 따라 백분위수로 구분하여 분석하였다. 직무스트레스를 가장 적게 받는 근무형태는 교대근무 근로자로 28.1%를 나타냈고, 직무스트레스를 가장 많이 받는 근무형태는 교대근무 근로자에 비해 비교대근무 근로자가 39.7%로 나타나 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.001). 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 교대근무 근로자는 중등도 신체활동과 음주량 및 흡연자가 비교대근무 근로자에 비해 높았으며, 식습관도 좋지 않았다. 사무직을 포함하는 비교대근무 근로자는 교대근무 근로자들에 비해 신체활동이 적고, 직무스트레스를 더 많이 받으며, 식습관은 다소 높게 나타났으나, 전반적인 식습관 평가 점수는 비교대근무 근로자와 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과에도 불구하고 본 연구의 제한점 및 제언은 다음과 같다. 설문조사가 재직근로자의 일부에 국한되었고, 대상자들의 설문결과 근무형태와 무관하게 전반적으로 이상지질혈증 유병률이 높게 나타났으며, 사무직과 생산직 근로자를 포함한 비교대 근로자가 생산직 교대 근무자들에 비해 식행동이 바람직하지 못하고, 직무스트레스를 더 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으나, 본 연구가 단면연구로서 서로의 인과관계를 유추하기에는 한계가 있었다. 따라서 후속연구로는 사무직과 생산직에 근무하는 비교대 근로자 간에, 혹은 생산직에만 근무하는 비교대 근로자와 교대근로자 간의 식습관과 직무스트레스 차이를 비교하는 세분화된 연구가 필요할 것이다.