• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the number and influence factors of asbestos fibers in the air of farmhouses with asbestos cement slate roofing, as well as in rainwater per unit area of the asbestos cement slate roofing. Methods: At a distance of 1 m from the end of asbestos cement slate roofing in 20 farmhouses, the asbestos fiber in the air was collected three times on a clear day downwind from the prevailing wind. Rainwater falling from the slate roofing was collected four times with a 1.05-m rainwater pipe on a rainy day at the 20 farmhouses, filtered with a MCE filter, and analyzed with a phase contrast microscope. Results: The geometric mean of the number of asbestos fibers in the air of farmhouses with slate roofing was 0.11 fiber/L, and no samples exceeded the recommended standard of 10 fiber/L. As a result of multiple regression analysis, a factor which gave a significant influence to the asbestos fiber content in the air was the gross area of slate roofing at the target farmhouses. The number of asbestos fibers included in rainwater collected per 1 m2 of slate roofing was 1,753 fiber/$L{\cdot}m2$. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the number of asbestos fibers contained in rainwater per 1 m2 of slate showed a significantly higher tendency as the year of slate roofing installation at the target farmhouses receded. Conclusions: It was confirmed for the first time in Korea that asbestos from asbestos cement slate roofing scatters into the air.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.660-672
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• 2015

촌락 가옥은 촌락 경관을 구성하는 중요한 요소이다. 기존의 촌락 가옥에 대한 지리학 연구는 주로 전통적인 민가에 초점을 두었으나, 본 연구는 오늘날의 촌락 가옥에 초점을 둔다. 본 연구는 경남 도서지역 가옥의 지붕 형태와 지붕 재료를 중심으로 제시하는 촌락 가옥의 유형에 관한 연구이다. 연구지역의 가옥에 대한 조사 결과를 바탕으로 해서 지붕 형태와 지붕 재료를 분류하는 기준을 제시하고, 이에 따른 촌락 가옥의 유형화를 시도한다. 지붕 형태를 중심으로 분류하는 가옥 유형에서는 팔작지붕 우진각 맞배지붕과 같은 전통적인 지붕 형태를 가진 가옥이 많고, 전통적인 지붕 형태 이외의 가옥 유형에서는 단순평지붕 가옥이 많다. 두 개 이상의 지붕 형태를 가진 결합양식지붕 가옥 유형의 경우, 경사-평지붕 가옥이 경사-경사지붕 가옥보다 10여 배나 많다. 지붕 재료 중에서는 시멘트, 컬러강판, 인조슬레이트가 가장 많이 사용된다. 특정 지붕 재료가 특정 지붕 형태에서 두드러지게 사용되는 경우가 있는데, 이를 통해 연구지역의 주요한 가옥 유형을 '지붕 재료와 지붕 형태'를 중심으로 다섯 가지로 유형화할 수 있다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2010

To confirm and quantify asbestos fibers released from the asbestos-cement slate roofs due to weathering, three houses, selected based on the year of built - 60's, 70, and 80's, were investigated. All of them were located in the downtown of Seoul. Rain or snow-melt water was collected from the roof in a 3.5 liter plastic bottle. A known amount of collected water was filtered on the 37 mm membrane filter, ashed in a muffle furnace, and subsequently treated with HCl to remove organic material. The treated remaining was refiltered on a 25mm membrane filter for PLM and PCM analyses. The NIOSH 7400 method was utilized for PCM counting. In addition, SEM/EDX was used to confirm the asbestos types. The results of this study showed that chrysotile fibers were confirmed by PLM in all samples analyzed. A significant amount of asbestos fibers were found in the water samples. The ranges of asbestos fibers counted from the samples collected in the 60's, 70's, and 80's were; 10,406.3~55,575.6 f/L, 5,218.8~38,126.2 f/L, and 2,906.3~7,798.6 f/L, respectively. As anticipated, concentrations of asbestos fibers increased with time of installment of the roofing material. We conclude that weathering can be a significant factor on the release of asbestos fibers from the asbestos cement products. Since asbestos fibers released into environment can be a source of significant health hazard, countermeasures, such as replacement, removal, and encapsulation of weathered asbestos slate, should be initiated immediately.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.623-629
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• 2012

본 연구는 집수면으로 사용되는 지붕재질에 따라 집수되는 빗물의 수질을 평가하고, 지붕면에서 지의류/이끼의 존재여부에 따른 수질변화를 관찰하였다. 실험은 5가지 다른 재질의 재료[나무, 나무(이끼 서식), 콘크리트, 초벌기와, 슬레이트]로 설치된 지붕면에서 수행되었다. 각 지붕면에서의 빗물수질을 관찰한 결과, 초벌기와 지붕으로부터 집수된 빗물이 이용에 가장 적합한 재료로 나타났다. 이는 초벌기와 재질 특성에 따른 표면 온도의 상승과 자외선에 의한 살균효과 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 이끼류가 포함된 나무지붕과 일반 나무 지붕에서 집수된 빗물의 수질을 비교한 결과 이끼는 TOC, nitrate, sulfate 및 phosphate 농도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 관측되었다. 그리고 슬레이트 지붕으로부터 유출된 빗물 내 석면의 농도는 평균 0.002개/$cm^3$로 검출되었으며 이러한 결과는 환경부 다중이용시설기준 및 노동부 사무실 기준인 0.01개/$cm^3$ 규정을 만족한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1579-1587
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• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the asbestos exposure levels and to calculate excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for the risk assessment of the asbestos fibers released from asbestos-cement slate roofing (ASR) building. Total number of ASR buildings was into 21,267 in Busan, and 82.03 percent of the buildings was residential houses, and 43.61 percent of the buildings was constructed in 1970s. For this study, ten buildings were selected randomly among the ASR buildings. The range of airborne asbestos concentration in the selected ten ASR buildings was from 0.0016 to 0.0067 f/mL, and the concentration around no-admitted ASR buildings was higher than that around admitted buildings. The ELCR based on US EPA IRIS (integrated risk information system) model is within 3.5E-05 ~ 1.5E-04 levels, and the ELCR of no-admitted ASR buildings was higher than 1.0E-04 (one person per million) level that is considered a more aggressive approach to mitigate risk. These results indicate that the cancer risk from ASR buildings is higher than other buildings, and systematic public management is required for control of no-admitted ASR buildings within near future.

• 월간산업보건
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• 제7호통권243호
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• pp.83-84
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• 2008

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

This study is a research examining reshaped pattern in the perspective of repairing parts and materials through repairing renovation of registered cultural properties constructed in modern times and results are as followings. Repairing construction of registered cultural properties of Jollanamdo according to parts is shown numerously in the order of roof, walls and windows, and mostly outworn as time passes on and leakage were the main cause of repair. Also when original shape was damaged by previous repair in the past, and this was another reason of repairing. It was surveyed that among the repairing job repair of damage occurred on the part of roofing area including water leakage, corrosion and damage of roofing material, and damage of groove channel were the most main cause of repair. Especially when roof leakage is occurred by outworn of roofing materials, this cause corrosion and damage of materials due to the damage of leakage parts and this cause repeating cycles of worse leakage again and again. Main repairing materials which deform the original shape of registered cultural properties were confirmed as copper plate used on the roof. Copper plate showing high frequency of application which replaces groove slate or cement roofing tile used on the roof before has high durability and anti-corrosion but it is considered improper material to recover original shape.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2011

Objectives: According to the compliance of the asbestos-related regulation, every building has to be inspected for asbestos presence before its abatement work. This study was performed for identifying the types and contents of asbestos in building bulk samples. Materials and Methods: Bulk samples were collected during the asbestos inspection in 2010. We grouped the bulk samples into the regulated asbestos containing materials(RACM), presumed asbestos containing materials(PACM), and construction products. Additionally, the types of asbestos in all bulk samples were identified by polarization microscopy(PLM). Results: The RACMs were from building, house, pipe and facility. The RACMs were found mainly building (72.1%) and house (93.7%). The contents of chrysotile in building, house and facility were 66.9% (1-90%), 89.7% (2-90%) and 11.0% (2-90%), respectively. PACMs were surfacing material, thermal system insulation (TSI), and miscellaneous material. The miscellaneous materials that showed a high detection rate (79.2%) were ceiling, roofing and wall materials. Among them, the roofing materials had high chrysotile content(9.7%, 2-21%), followed by wall (8.7%, 2-21%) and ceiling (3.4%, 1-17%). In the construction products, asbestos was found mainly in slate (92.6%, 2-21%), including chrysotile. The slate had high asbestos content (9.7%, 2-21%), followed by cement flat board (8.7%, 2-19%) and textile (3.4%, 1-17%) Conclusions: Utilizing these results, it would be contributed to construct a useful ACM database and prevent from asbestos exposure to workers in the asbestos abatement and maintenance works.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.107-108
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• 2014

The rural area has aged and depressed for urban area in Korea. Furthermore, the rural house has deteriorated and is vulnerable to disaster which collapse, fire, landslide, and so on. For this matter, it need to an evaluated system for deteriorated level of rural house. The evaluated system has a repairing method and an estimated cost for rural house to offer native in rural area. This study could draw evaluation factor for deteriorated level of rural house as a basic study for the evaluated system. The evaluation factors is compared the Korean housing performance grade indication system, the Korean green building certification criteria, and the Japanese housing performance indication system. As a result, they could eight types. There are a mothproof, an waterproof, a finishing material, an asbestos cement slate of roofing, a mobility right, an opening and closing of doors and windows, an indoor environment.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.441-454
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• 2016

이 연구는 지붕 형태, 지붕 재료, 외벽 재료에 초점을 두고 울릉도 산지 촌락 가옥의 유형과 특성을 고찰하는 연구이다. 그리고 울릉도 산지의 촌락 가옥 유형을 제주도와 경남의 촌락 가옥 유형과 비교하면서 그 특성도 논의한다. 울릉도 산지 촌락 가옥의 지붕 형태를 보면, 팔작지붕(42.1%)이 가장 많이 나타나고, 그 다음으로는 맞배지붕(25.8%), 우진각지붕(11.8%), 단순평지붕(10.7%) 등이 많이 나타난다. 지붕 재료를 보면, 컬러강판(69.1%), 아스팔트싱글(11.8%), 시멘트(10.7%) 등이 많이 나타난다. 컬러강판을 지붕 재료로 사용한 가옥이 압도적으로 많고, 기와나 슬레이트를 지붕 재료로 사용한 가옥은 한 채도 없다. 그리고 외벽 재료에서는 시멘트(27.5%), 사이딩(21.3%), 함석(16.8%), 목재(6.7%) 등이 많이 나타난다. 지붕 형태와 지붕 재료의 결합 관계로 본 가옥 유형에서는 팔작지붕-컬러강판 가옥 유형(73채; 41.0%)이 가장 많이 나타나고, 지붕 형태를 중심으로 해서 지붕 재료와 외벽 재료의 결합 관계로 본 가옥 유형에서는 팔작지붕-컬러강판-시멘트 가옥 유형(32채; 18.0%)이 가장 많이 나타난다. 울릉도 산지 촌락 가옥의 지붕/외벽 재료로 함석을 사용하는 빈도가 높은 것, 기와나 슬레이트를 지붕 재료로 사용하지 않는 것, 적벽돌이나 석재를 외벽 재료로 사용하는 빈도가 낮은 것 등은 건축 자재의 운송비용과 관련이 있을 것이다.